@article{01HRHFC0FJED8N5BGAS656N3XZ,
  abstract     = {{Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a hepatotoxic metabolite that naturally occurs during some cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic waterbodies, and irrigation of edible plants with MC-LR-contaminated water causes bioaccumulation of the toxin. However, sufficient information about accumulation and depuration mechanics in hydroculture-grown herb plants is still lacking. This work aimed at 1) investigating bioaccumulation and depuration of MC-LR in basil, 2) verifying the possible MC-LR detoxification mechanisms in the plant, and 3) detecting the natural occurrence of MC-LR in basil (n = 50) collected from the Belgian market. Basil plants grown in a hydroculture were exposed to MC-LR (5, 20, and 50 μg L−1) spiked in a Hoagland solution for seven days. MC-LR depuration was also studied by transferring the plants to a non-contaminated Hoagland solution after exposure to MC-LR for another seven days. MC-LR concentrations in Hoagland solution, basil leaves, and roots were quantified using a validated UHPLC–MS/MS method. In addition, ELISA and LC–HRMS (only basil leaves) were used for confirmation. The results showed an increase in the accumulated levels of MC-LR at higher exposure doses, with higher MC-LR levels in roots than in leaves for all the treatment conditions. For MC-LR depuration, significant reductions were observed in all the treatment conditions for roots only. No MC-LR conjugates, potentially related to metabolism, were detected by LC–HRMS. Finally, MC-LR was detected in one store-bought basil sample, representing the first occurrence of cyanotoxins in an edible crop from Belgium.}},
  articleno    = {{123715}},
  author       = {{Van Hassel, Wannes and Abdallah, Mohamed Fathi and Guzman Velasquez, Maria Gracia and Miles, Christopher O. and Samdal, Ingunn A. and Masquelier, Julien and Rajkovic, Andreja}},
  editor       = {{Fossi, Maria Cristina}},
  issn         = {{0269-7491}},
  journal      = {{ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION}},
  keywords     = {{Microcystins,MC-LR,basil,UHPLC-MS/MS,accumulation,depuration,food safety,CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS,RISK-ASSESSMENT,LACTUCA-SATIVA,PLANT-QUALITY,LETTUCE,GROWTH,WATER,IRRIGATION,CYLINDROSPERMOPSIN,BIOACCUMULATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{9}},
  title        = {{Experimental accumulation and depuration kinetics and natural occurrence of microcystin-LR in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123715}},
  volume       = {{347}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

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