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The aspiration to stay : a global analysis

Alix Debray (UGent) , Ilse Ruyssen (UGent) and Kerilyn Schewel
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Abstract
There is growing interest from both policy and academic communities in understanding why people do not migrate. This article offers the first global analysis of the aspiration to stay, defined here as the preference to stay in one's country of residence. We make use of the unique Gallup World Polls which provide information on aspirations to stay (as opposed to migrating abroad) as well as on individual characteristics and opinions for 130 countries worldwide between 2010 and 2016. We find staying aspirations are far more common than migration aspirations across the globe and uncover important "retain factors" often overlooked in research on migration drivers - related to social ties, local amenities, trust in community institutions, and life satisfaction. Overall, those who aspire to stay tend to be more content, socially supported and live in communities with stronger institutions and better local amenities. We further explore differences in the relative importance of retain factors for countries at different levels of urbanization, and for different population groups, based on gender, education, rural/urban location, migration history, religiosity, and perceived thriving. Our findings contribute to a more holistic understanding of migration decision-making, illuminating the personal, social, economic, and institutional retain factors countering those that push and pull.
Keywords
immobility, staying preferences, migration aspirations, retain factors, VOLUNTARY IMMOBILITY, MIGRATION, NETWORKS, DETERMINANTS, MOBILITY, MARKET, MODEL

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Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:

MLA
Debray, Alix, et al. “The Aspiration to Stay : A Global Analysis.” INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW, 2025, doi:10.1177/01979183231216087.
APA
Debray, A., Ruyssen, I., & Schewel, K. (2025). The aspiration to stay : a global analysis. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW. https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231216087
Chicago author-date
Debray, Alix, Ilse Ruyssen, and Kerilyn Schewel. 2025. “The Aspiration to Stay : A Global Analysis.” INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW. https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231216087.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Debray, Alix, Ilse Ruyssen, and Kerilyn Schewel. 2025. “The Aspiration to Stay : A Global Analysis.” INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW. doi:10.1177/01979183231216087.
Vancouver
1.
Debray A, Ruyssen I, Schewel K. The aspiration to stay : a global analysis. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW. 2025;
IEEE
[1]
A. Debray, I. Ruyssen, and K. Schewel, “The aspiration to stay : a global analysis,” INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW, 2025.
@article{01HQTGAH21BFRXD4ET7SV0D60C,
  abstract     = {{There is growing interest from both policy and academic communities in understanding why people do not migrate. This article offers the first global analysis of the aspiration to stay, defined here as the preference to stay in one's country of residence. We make use of the unique Gallup World Polls which provide information on aspirations to stay (as opposed to migrating abroad) as well as on individual characteristics and opinions for 130 countries worldwide between 2010 and 2016. We find staying aspirations are far more common than migration aspirations across the globe and uncover important "retain factors" often overlooked in research on migration drivers - related to social ties, local amenities, trust in community institutions, and life satisfaction. Overall, those who aspire to stay tend to be more content, socially supported and live in communities with stronger institutions and better local amenities. We further explore differences in the relative importance of retain factors for countries at different levels of urbanization, and for different population groups, based on gender, education, rural/urban location, migration history, religiosity, and perceived thriving. Our findings contribute to a more holistic understanding of migration decision-making, illuminating the personal, social, economic, and institutional retain factors countering those that push and pull.}},
  author       = {{Debray, Alix and Ruyssen, Ilse and  Schewel, Kerilyn}},
  issn         = {{0197-9183}},
  journal      = {{INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW}},
  keywords     = {{immobility,staying preferences,migration aspirations,retain factors,VOLUNTARY IMMOBILITY,MIGRATION,NETWORKS,DETERMINANTS,MOBILITY,MARKET,MODEL}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{47}},
  title        = {{The aspiration to stay : a global analysis}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231216087}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

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