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A simulation study of the system characteristics for a long axial FOV PET design based on monolithic BGO flat panels compared with a pixelated LSO cylindrical design

Meysam Dadgar (UGent) , Jens Maebe (UGent) , Maya Abi Akl (UGent) , Boris Vervenne (UGent) and Stefaan Vandenberghe (UGent)
(2023) EJNMMI PHYSICS. 10(1).
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Abstract
Background: Although a new generation of tomographs with a longer axial field-of-view called total-body PET have been developed, they are not widely utilized due to their high cost compared to conventional scanners. The newly designed walk-through total-body PET scanner is introduced as a high-throughput and cost-efficient alternative to total-body PET scanners, by making use of a flat panel geometry and lower cost, depth-of-interaction capable, monolithic BGO detectors. The main aim of the presented study is to evaluate through Monte Carlo simulation the system characteristics of the walk-through total-body PET scanner by comparing it with a Quadra-like total-body PET of similar attributes to the Siemens Biograph Vision Quadra. Methods: The walk-through total-body PET is comprised of two flat detector panels, spaced 50 cm apart. Each panel, 70 x 10(6) cm(2) in size, consists of 280 BGO-based monolithic detectors. The Quadra-like TB-PET has been simulated based on the characteristics of the Biograph Vision Quadra, one of the most common total-body PET scanners with 106 cm of axial field-of-view, which is constructed with pixelated LSO scintillation crystals. The spatial resolution, sensitivity, count rate performance, scatter fractions, and image quality of both scanners are simulated in the GATE simulation toolkit for comparison. Results: Due to the DOI-capable detectors used in the walk-through total-body PET, the values of the spatial resolution of this scanner were all below 2 mm along directions parallel to the panels, and reached a maximum of 3.36 mm in the direction perpendicular to the panels. This resolution is a large improvement compared to the values of the Quadra-like TB-PET. The walk-through total-body PET uses its maximum sensitivity (154 cps/kBq) for data acquisition and image reconstruction. Conclusion: Based on the combination of very good spatial resolution and high sensitivity of the walk-through total-body PET, along with a 2.2 times lower scintillation crystal volume and 1.8 times lower SiPM surface, this scanner can be a very cost-efficient alternative for total-body PET scanners in cases where concomitant CT is not required.
Keywords
Total-body, Monolithic, Walk through PET, Biograph vision quadra, GATE, reconstruction, Monte Carlo simulation

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MLA
Dadgar, Meysam, et al. “A Simulation Study of the System Characteristics for a Long Axial FOV PET Design Based on Monolithic BGO Flat Panels Compared with a Pixelated LSO Cylindrical Design.” EJNMMI PHYSICS, vol. 10, no. 1, 2023, doi:10.1186/s40658-023-00593-0.
APA
Dadgar, M., Maebe, J., Abi Akl, M., Vervenne, B., & Vandenberghe, S. (2023). A simulation study of the system characteristics for a long axial FOV PET design based on monolithic BGO flat panels compared with a pixelated LSO cylindrical design. EJNMMI PHYSICS, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-023-00593-0
Chicago author-date
Dadgar, Meysam, Jens Maebe, Maya Abi Akl, Boris Vervenne, and Stefaan Vandenberghe. 2023. “A Simulation Study of the System Characteristics for a Long Axial FOV PET Design Based on Monolithic BGO Flat Panels Compared with a Pixelated LSO Cylindrical Design.” EJNMMI PHYSICS 10 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-023-00593-0.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Dadgar, Meysam, Jens Maebe, Maya Abi Akl, Boris Vervenne, and Stefaan Vandenberghe. 2023. “A Simulation Study of the System Characteristics for a Long Axial FOV PET Design Based on Monolithic BGO Flat Panels Compared with a Pixelated LSO Cylindrical Design.” EJNMMI PHYSICS 10 (1). doi:10.1186/s40658-023-00593-0.
Vancouver
1.
Dadgar M, Maebe J, Abi Akl M, Vervenne B, Vandenberghe S. A simulation study of the system characteristics for a long axial FOV PET design based on monolithic BGO flat panels compared with a pixelated LSO cylindrical design. EJNMMI PHYSICS. 2023;10(1).
IEEE
[1]
M. Dadgar, J. Maebe, M. Abi Akl, B. Vervenne, and S. Vandenberghe, “A simulation study of the system characteristics for a long axial FOV PET design based on monolithic BGO flat panels compared with a pixelated LSO cylindrical design,” EJNMMI PHYSICS, vol. 10, no. 1, 2023.
@article{01HQJ8WRBT0ATNZJT2VX1BXYK2,
  abstract     = {{Background: Although a new generation of tomographs with a longer axial field-of-view called total-body PET have been developed, they are not widely utilized due to their high cost compared to conventional scanners. The newly designed walk-through total-body PET scanner is introduced as a high-throughput and cost-efficient alternative to total-body PET scanners, by making use of a flat panel geometry and lower cost, depth-of-interaction capable, monolithic BGO detectors. The main aim of the presented study is to evaluate through Monte Carlo simulation the system characteristics of the walk-through total-body PET scanner by comparing it with a Quadra-like total-body PET of similar attributes to the Siemens Biograph Vision Quadra.

 Methods: The walk-through total-body PET is comprised of two flat detector panels, spaced 50 cm apart. Each panel, 70 x 10(6) cm(2) in size, consists of 280 BGO-based monolithic detectors. The Quadra-like TB-PET has been simulated based on the characteristics of the Biograph Vision Quadra, one of the most common total-body PET scanners with 106 cm of axial field-of-view, which is constructed with pixelated LSO scintillation crystals. The spatial resolution, sensitivity, count rate performance, scatter fractions, and image quality of both scanners are simulated in the GATE simulation toolkit for comparison.

 Results: Due to the DOI-capable detectors used in the walk-through total-body PET, the values of the spatial resolution of this scanner were all below 2 mm along directions parallel to the panels, and reached a maximum of 3.36 mm in the direction perpendicular to the panels. This resolution is a large improvement compared to the values of the Quadra-like TB-PET. The walk-through total-body PET uses its maximum sensitivity (154 cps/kBq) for data acquisition and image reconstruction.

 Conclusion: Based on the combination of very good spatial resolution and high sensitivity of the walk-through total-body PET, along with a 2.2 times lower scintillation crystal volume and 1.8 times lower SiPM surface, this scanner can be a very cost-efficient alternative for total-body PET scanners in cases where concomitant CT is not required.}},
  articleno    = {{75}},
  author       = {{Dadgar, Meysam and Maebe, Jens and Abi Akl, Maya and Vervenne, Boris and Vandenberghe, Stefaan}},
  issn         = {{2197-7364}},
  journal      = {{EJNMMI PHYSICS}},
  keywords     = {{Total-body,Monolithic,Walk through PET,Biograph vision quadra,GATE,reconstruction,Monte Carlo simulation}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{19}},
  title        = {{A simulation study of the system characteristics for a long axial FOV PET design based on monolithic BGO flat panels compared with a pixelated LSO cylindrical design}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-023-00593-0}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

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