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Discourses of cultural diversity and inclusion in film policy : the case of Flanders (2002–2022)

Alexander De Man (UGent) , Gertjan Willems (UGent) and Daniël Biltereyst (UGent)
(2025) EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES. p.1-20
Author
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Abstract
This article examines how Flemish film policy actors and industry stakeholders have conceptualized, framed and operationalized cultural diversity and inclusion over the past two decades (2002–2022). Drawing on critical discourse and interpretive policy analysis of policy documents and a series of in-depth expert interviews, we investigate how discourses of diversity in cultural policymaking are consistently shaped by (neo-)liberal continuations of deregulation, state neutrality and marketization. This article identifies three discursive shifts over the years, highlighting their complex tensions with the persistent, liberal-egalitarian principle of difference-blind universalism. Framing these tensions as a major obstacle in achieving a paradigmatic policy shift toward the inclusion of ethnic/diasporic minorities in Flemish cinema, we advance a more comprehensive way of understanding why media diversity policies have, so far, proven inadequate.
Keywords
Critical discourse analysis, critical film policy studies, cultural diversity policies, diaspora film and media, Flemish cinema, UK FILM, CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

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MLA
De Man, Alexander, et al. “Discourses of Cultural Diversity and Inclusion in Film Policy : The Case of Flanders (2002–2022).” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES, 2025, pp. 1–20, doi:10.1177/13675494241228937.
APA
De Man, A., Willems, G., & Biltereyst, D. (2025). Discourses of cultural diversity and inclusion in film policy : the case of Flanders (2002–2022). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/13675494241228937
Chicago author-date
De Man, Alexander, Gertjan Willems, and Daniël Biltereyst. 2025. “Discourses of Cultural Diversity and Inclusion in Film Policy : The Case of Flanders (2002–2022).” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/13675494241228937.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
De Man, Alexander, Gertjan Willems, and Daniël Biltereyst. 2025. “Discourses of Cultural Diversity and Inclusion in Film Policy : The Case of Flanders (2002–2022).” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES: 1–20. doi:10.1177/13675494241228937.
Vancouver
1.
De Man A, Willems G, Biltereyst D. Discourses of cultural diversity and inclusion in film policy : the case of Flanders (2002–2022). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES. 2025;1–20.
IEEE
[1]
A. De Man, G. Willems, and D. Biltereyst, “Discourses of cultural diversity and inclusion in film policy : the case of Flanders (2002–2022),” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES, pp. 1–20, 2025.
@article{01HQ0WB83A3GK205W7VP5SFA2A,
  abstract     = {{This article examines how Flemish film policy actors and industry stakeholders have conceptualized, framed and operationalized cultural diversity and inclusion over the past two decades (2002–2022). Drawing on critical discourse and interpretive policy analysis of policy documents and a series of in-depth expert interviews, we investigate how discourses of diversity in cultural policymaking are consistently shaped by (neo-)liberal continuations of deregulation, state neutrality and marketization. This article identifies three discursive shifts over the years, highlighting their complex tensions with the persistent, liberal-egalitarian principle of difference-blind universalism. Framing these tensions as a major obstacle in achieving a paradigmatic policy shift toward the inclusion of ethnic/diasporic minorities in Flemish cinema, we advance a more comprehensive way of understanding why media diversity policies have, so far, proven inadequate.}},
  author       = {{De Man, Alexander and Willems, Gertjan and Biltereyst, Daniël}},
  issn         = {{1367-5494}},
  journal      = {{EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CULTURAL STUDIES}},
  keywords     = {{Critical discourse analysis,critical film policy studies,cultural diversity policies,diaspora film and media,Flemish cinema,UK FILM,CREATIVE INDUSTRIES}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{1--20}},
  title        = {{Discourses of cultural diversity and inclusion in film policy : the case of Flanders (2002–2022)}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1177/13675494241228937}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}
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