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The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inhibitor AIP induces rice defence against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola

Jing Liu (UGent) , Hannes Lefevere, Louis Coussement (UGent) , Ilse Delaere (UGent) , Tim De Meyer (UGent) , Kristof Demeestere (UGent) , Monica Höfte (UGent) , Jonathan Gershenzon, Chhana Ullah and Godelieve Gheysen (UGent)
(2024) MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY. 25(1).
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Abstract
The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme catalyses the conversion of l-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. This conversion is the first step in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants. The phenylpropanoid pathway produces diverse plant metabolites that play essential roles in various processes, including structural support and defence. Previous studies have shown that mutation of the PAL genes enhances disease susceptibility. Here, we investigated the functions of the rice PAL genes using 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP), a strong competitive inhibitor of PAL enzymes. We show that the application of AIP can significantly reduce the PAL activity of rice crude protein extracts in vitro. However, when AIP was applied to intact rice plants, it reduced infection of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. RNA-seq showed that AIP treatment resulted in a rapid but transient upregulation of defence-related genes in roots. Moreover, targeted metabolomics demonstrated higher levels of jasmonates and antimicrobial flavonoids and diterpenoids accumulating after AIP treatment. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of the jasmonate pathway abolished the effect of AIP on nematode infection. Our results show that disturbance of the phenylpropanoid pathway by the PAL inhibitor AIP induces defence in rice against M. graminicola by activating jasmonate-mediated defence.
Keywords
diterpenoids, flavonoids, jasmonate, phenylpropanoids, phytoalexins, plant defence, salicylic acid, 2-AMINOINDAN-2-PHOSPHONIC ACID, INDUCED RESISTANCE, SALICYLIC-ACID, JASMONATE, RESPONSES, TOBACCO, INFECTION, SUBSTRATE, PATHWAY, ORYZAE

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MLA
Liu, Jing, et al. “The Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Inhibitor AIP Induces Rice Defence against the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne Graminicola.” MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY, vol. 25, no. 1, 2024, doi:10.1111/mpp.13424.
APA
Liu, J., Lefevere, H., Coussement, L., Delaere, I., De Meyer, T., Demeestere, K., … Gheysen, G. (2024). The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inhibitor AIP induces rice defence against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13424
Chicago author-date
Liu, Jing, Hannes Lefevere, Louis Coussement, Ilse Delaere, Tim De Meyer, Kristof Demeestere, Monica Höfte, Jonathan Gershenzon, Chhana Ullah, and Godelieve Gheysen. 2024. “The Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Inhibitor AIP Induces Rice Defence against the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne Graminicola.” MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 25 (1). https://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13424.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Liu, Jing, Hannes Lefevere, Louis Coussement, Ilse Delaere, Tim De Meyer, Kristof Demeestere, Monica Höfte, Jonathan Gershenzon, Chhana Ullah, and Godelieve Gheysen. 2024. “The Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Inhibitor AIP Induces Rice Defence against the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne Graminicola.” MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 25 (1). doi:10.1111/mpp.13424.
Vancouver
1.
Liu J, Lefevere H, Coussement L, Delaere I, De Meyer T, Demeestere K, et al. The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inhibitor AIP induces rice defence against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY. 2024;25(1).
IEEE
[1]
J. Liu et al., “The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inhibitor AIP induces rice defence against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola,” MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY, vol. 25, no. 1, 2024.
@article{01HPEBNP738TPEB8VX0AQVMY4Q,
  abstract     = {{The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme catalyses the conversion of l-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. This conversion is the first step in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in plants. The phenylpropanoid pathway produces diverse plant metabolites that play essential roles in various processes, including structural support and defence. Previous studies have shown that mutation of the PAL genes enhances disease susceptibility. Here, we investigated the functions of the rice PAL genes using 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP), a strong competitive inhibitor of PAL enzymes. We show that the application of AIP can significantly reduce the PAL activity of rice crude protein extracts in vitro. However, when AIP was applied to intact rice plants, it reduced infection of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. RNA-seq showed that AIP treatment resulted in a rapid but transient upregulation of defence-related genes in roots. Moreover, targeted metabolomics demonstrated higher levels of jasmonates and antimicrobial flavonoids and diterpenoids accumulating after AIP treatment. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of the jasmonate pathway abolished the effect of AIP on nematode infection. Our results show that disturbance of the phenylpropanoid pathway by the PAL inhibitor AIP induces defence in rice against M. graminicola by activating jasmonate-mediated defence.}},
  articleno    = {{e13424}},
  author       = {{Liu, Jing and Lefevere, Hannes and Coussement, Louis and Delaere, Ilse and De Meyer, Tim and Demeestere, Kristof and Höfte, Monica and  Gershenzon, Jonathan and  Ullah, Chhana and Gheysen, Godelieve}},
  issn         = {{1464-6722}},
  journal      = {{MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{diterpenoids,flavonoids,jasmonate,phenylpropanoids,phytoalexins,plant defence,salicylic acid,2-AMINOINDAN-2-PHOSPHONIC ACID,INDUCED RESISTANCE,SALICYLIC-ACID,JASMONATE,RESPONSES,TOBACCO,INFECTION,SUBSTRATE,PATHWAY,ORYZAE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{14}},
  title        = {{The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inhibitor AIP induces rice defence against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/mpp.13424}},
  volume       = {{25}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}
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