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Anisotropic synthetic allomelanin materials via solid-state polymerization of self-assembled 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene dimers

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Abstract
Melanosomes in nature have diverse morphologies, including spheres, rods, and platelets. By contrast, shapes of synthetic melanins have been almost entirely limited to spherical nanoparticles with few exceptions produced by complex templated synthetic methods. Here, we report a non-templated method to access synthetic melanins with a variety of architectures including spheres, sheets, and platelets. Three 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene dimers (4-4 ', 2-4 ' and 2-2 ') were used as self-assembling synthons. These dimers pack to form well-defined structures of varying morphologies depending on the isomer. Specifically, distinctive ellipsoidal platelets can be obtained using 4-4 ' dimers. Solid-state polymerization of the preorganized dimers generates polymeric synthetic melanins while maintaining the initial particle morphologies. This work provides a new route to anisotropic synthetic melanins, where the building blocks are preorganized into specific shapes, followed by solid-state polymerization.
Keywords
allomelanin, anisotropy, DHN melanin, melanin, solid-state polymerization, FUNGAL MELANIN, COMPLEXITY, EVOLUTION, BINDING, FATE

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MLA
Zhou, Xuhao, et al. “Anisotropic Synthetic Allomelanin Materials via Solid-State Polymerization of Self-Assembled 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene Dimers.” ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION, vol. 60, no. 32, 2021, pp. 17464–71, doi:10.1002/anie.202103447.
APA
Zhou, X., Gong, X., Cao, W., Forman, C. J., Oktawiec, J., D’Alba Altamirano, L., … Gianneschi, N. C. (2021). Anisotropic synthetic allomelanin materials via solid-state polymerization of self-assembled 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene dimers. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION, 60(32), 17464–17471. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202103447
Chicago author-date
Zhou, Xuhao, Xinyi Gong, Wei Cao, Christopher J. Forman, Julia Oktawiec, Liliana D’Alba Altamirano, Hao Sun, et al. 2021. “Anisotropic Synthetic Allomelanin Materials via Solid-State Polymerization of Self-Assembled 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene Dimers.” ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION 60 (32): 17464–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202103447.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Zhou, Xuhao, Xinyi Gong, Wei Cao, Christopher J. Forman, Julia Oktawiec, Liliana D’Alba Altamirano, Hao Sun, Matthew P. Thompson, Ziying Hu, Utkarsh Kapoor, Naneki C. McCallum, Christos D. Malliakas, Omar K. Farha, Arthi Jayaraman, Matthew Shawkey, and Nathan C. Gianneschi. 2021. “Anisotropic Synthetic Allomelanin Materials via Solid-State Polymerization of Self-Assembled 1,8-Dihydroxynaphthalene Dimers.” ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION 60 (32): 17464–17471. doi:10.1002/anie.202103447.
Vancouver
1.
Zhou X, Gong X, Cao W, Forman CJ, Oktawiec J, D’Alba Altamirano L, et al. Anisotropic synthetic allomelanin materials via solid-state polymerization of self-assembled 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene dimers. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION. 2021;60(32):17464–71.
IEEE
[1]
X. Zhou et al., “Anisotropic synthetic allomelanin materials via solid-state polymerization of self-assembled 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene dimers,” ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION, vol. 60, no. 32, pp. 17464–17471, 2021.
@article{01HP9X9ZW9Y5VTKGZTDJEE5Z4P,
  abstract     = {{Melanosomes in nature have diverse morphologies, including spheres, rods, and platelets. By contrast, shapes of synthetic melanins have been almost entirely limited to spherical nanoparticles with few exceptions produced by complex templated synthetic methods. Here, we report a non-templated method to access synthetic melanins with a variety of architectures including spheres, sheets, and platelets. Three 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene dimers (4-4 ', 2-4 ' and 2-2 ') were used as self-assembling synthons. These dimers pack to form well-defined structures of varying morphologies depending on the isomer. Specifically, distinctive ellipsoidal platelets can be obtained using 4-4 ' dimers. Solid-state polymerization of the preorganized dimers generates polymeric synthetic melanins while maintaining the initial particle morphologies. This work provides a new route to anisotropic synthetic melanins, where the building blocks are preorganized into specific shapes, followed by solid-state polymerization.}},
  author       = {{Zhou, Xuhao and Gong, Xinyi and Cao, Wei and Forman, Christopher J. and Oktawiec, Julia and D'Alba Altamirano, Liliana and Sun, Hao and Thompson, Matthew P. and Hu, Ziying and Kapoor, Utkarsh and McCallum, Naneki C. and Malliakas, Christos D. and Farha, Omar K. and Jayaraman, Arthi and Shawkey, Matthew and Gianneschi, Nathan C.}},
  issn         = {{1433-7851}},
  journal      = {{ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION}},
  keywords     = {{allomelanin,anisotropy,DHN melanin,melanin,solid-state polymerization,FUNGAL MELANIN,COMPLEXITY,EVOLUTION,BINDING,FATE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{32}},
  pages        = {{17464--17471}},
  title        = {{Anisotropic synthetic allomelanin materials via solid-state polymerization of self-assembled 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene dimers}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202103447}},
  volume       = {{60}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

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