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Nitrogen oxidation in a multi-pin plasma system in the presence and absence of a plasma/liquid interface

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Abstract
The recent energy crisis revealed that there is a strong need to replace hydrocarbon-fueled industrial nitrogen fixation processes by alternative, more sustainable methods. In light of this, plasma-based nitrogen fixation remains one of the most promising options, considering both theoretical and experimental aspects. Lately, plasma interacting with water has received considerable attention in nitrogen fixation applications as it can trigger a unique gas- and liquid-phase chemistry. Within this context, a critical exploration of plasma-assisted nitrogen fixation with or without water presence is of great interest with an emphasis on energy costs, particularly in plasma reactors which have potential for large-scale industrial application. In this work, the presence of water in a multi-pin plasma system on nitrogen oxidation is experimentally investigated by comparing two pulsed negative DC voltage plasmas in metal–metal and metal–liquid electrode configurations. The plasma setups are designed to create similar plasma properties, including plasma power and discharge regime in both configurations. The system energy cost is calculated, considering nitrogen-containing species generated in gas and liquid phases as measured by a gas analyzer, nitrate sensor, and a colorimetry method. The energy cost profile as a function of specific energy input showed a strong dependency on the plasma operational frequency and the gas flow rate, as a result of different plasma operation regimes and initiated reverse processes. More importantly, the presence of the plasma/liquid interface increased the energy cost up to 14 ± 8%. Overall, the results showed that the presence of water in the reaction zone has a negative impact on the nitrogen fixation process.
Keywords
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Computer Science Applications, Process Chemistry and Technology, General Engineering, Instrumentation, General Materials Science, nitrogen fixation, plasma-based nitrogen fixation, multi-pin plasma system, plasma, liquid interface, FIXATION, MECHANISMS, KINETICS, CYCLE, AIR

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MLA
Adhami Sayad Mahaleh, Moazameh, et al. “Nitrogen Oxidation in a Multi-Pin Plasma System in the Presence and Absence of a Plasma/Liquid Interface.” APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL, vol. 13, no. 13, 2023, doi:10.3390/app13137619.
APA
Adhami Sayad Mahaleh, M., Narimisa, M., Nikiforov, A., Gromov, M., Gorbanev, Y., Bitar, R., … De Geyter, N. (2023). Nitrogen oxidation in a multi-pin plasma system in the presence and absence of a plasma/liquid interface. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL, 13(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137619
Chicago author-date
Adhami Sayad Mahaleh, Moazameh, Mehrnoush Narimisa, Anton Nikiforov, Mikhail Gromov, Yury Gorbanev, Rim Bitar, Rino Morent, and Nathalie De Geyter. 2023. “Nitrogen Oxidation in a Multi-Pin Plasma System in the Presence and Absence of a Plasma/Liquid Interface.” APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 13 (13). https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137619.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Adhami Sayad Mahaleh, Moazameh, Mehrnoush Narimisa, Anton Nikiforov, Mikhail Gromov, Yury Gorbanev, Rim Bitar, Rino Morent, and Nathalie De Geyter. 2023. “Nitrogen Oxidation in a Multi-Pin Plasma System in the Presence and Absence of a Plasma/Liquid Interface.” APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 13 (13). doi:10.3390/app13137619.
Vancouver
1.
Adhami Sayad Mahaleh M, Narimisa M, Nikiforov A, Gromov M, Gorbanev Y, Bitar R, et al. Nitrogen oxidation in a multi-pin plasma system in the presence and absence of a plasma/liquid interface. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL. 2023;13(13).
IEEE
[1]
M. Adhami Sayad Mahaleh et al., “Nitrogen oxidation in a multi-pin plasma system in the presence and absence of a plasma/liquid interface,” APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL, vol. 13, no. 13, 2023.
@article{01HMV08XS1Y6KSKEVFRT0F1X49,
  abstract     = {{The recent energy crisis revealed that there is a strong need to replace hydrocarbon-fueled industrial nitrogen fixation processes by alternative, more sustainable methods. In light of this, plasma-based nitrogen fixation remains one of the most promising options, considering both theoretical and experimental aspects. Lately, plasma interacting with water has received considerable attention in nitrogen fixation applications as it can trigger a unique gas- and liquid-phase chemistry. Within this context, a critical exploration of plasma-assisted nitrogen fixation with or without water presence is of great interest with an emphasis on energy costs, particularly in plasma reactors which have potential for large-scale industrial application. In this work, the presence of water in a multi-pin plasma system on nitrogen oxidation is experimentally investigated by comparing two pulsed negative DC voltage plasmas in metal–metal and metal–liquid electrode configurations. The plasma setups are designed to create similar plasma properties, including plasma power and discharge regime in both configurations. The system energy cost is calculated, considering nitrogen-containing species generated in gas and liquid phases as measured by a gas analyzer, nitrate sensor, and a colorimetry method. The energy cost profile as a function of specific energy input showed a strong dependency on the plasma operational frequency and the gas flow rate, as a result of different plasma operation regimes and initiated reverse processes. More importantly, the presence of the plasma/liquid interface increased the energy cost up to 14 ± 8%. Overall, the results showed that the presence of water in the reaction zone has a negative impact on the nitrogen fixation process.}},
  articleno    = {{7619}},
  author       = {{Adhami Sayad Mahaleh, Moazameh and Narimisa, Mehrnoush and Nikiforov, Anton and Gromov, Mikhail and Gorbanev, Yury and Bitar, Rim and Morent, Rino and De Geyter, Nathalie}},
  issn         = {{2076-3417}},
  journal      = {{APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL}},
  keywords     = {{Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Computer Science Applications,Process Chemistry and Technology,General Engineering,Instrumentation,General Materials Science,nitrogen fixation,plasma-based nitrogen fixation,multi-pin plasma system,plasma,liquid interface,FIXATION,MECHANISMS,KINETICS,CYCLE,AIR}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{13}},
  pages        = {{17}},
  title        = {{Nitrogen oxidation in a multi-pin plasma system in the presence and absence of a plasma/liquid interface}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/app13137619}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

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