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Chimeric and mutant CARD9 constructs enable analyses of conserved and diverged autoinhibition mechanisms in the CARD-CC protein family

Jens Staal (UGent) , Yasmine Driege (UGent) , Femke Van Gaever (UGent) , Jill Steels (UGent) and Rudi Beyaert (UGent)
(2024) FEBS JOURNAL. 291(6). p.1220-1245
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Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein (CARD)9, CARD10, CARD11, and CARD14 all belong to the CARD-coiled coil (CC) protein family and originated from a single common ancestral protein early in vertebrate evolution. All four proteins form CARD-CC/BCL10/MALT1 (CBM) complexes leading to nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-kappa B) activation after upstream phosphorylation by various protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. CBM complex signaling is critical for innate and adaptive immunity, but aberrant activation can cause autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases, or be oncogenic. CARD9 shows a superior auto-inhibition compared with other CARD-CC family proteins, with very low spontaneous activity when overexpressed in HEK293T cells. In contrast, the poor auto-inhibition of other CARD-CC family proteins, especially CARD10 (CARMA3) and CARD14 (CARMA2), is hampering characterization of upstream activators or activating mutations in overexpression studies. We grafted different domains from CARD10, 11, and 14 on CARD9 to generate chimeric CARD9 backbones for functional characterization of activating mutants using NF-kappa B reporter gene activation in HEK293T cells as readout. CARD11 (CARMA1) activity was not further reduced by grafting on CARD9 backbones. The chimeric CARD9 approach was subsequently validated by using several known disease-associated mutations in CARD10 and CARD14, and additional screening allowed us to identify several previously unknown activating natural variants in human CARD9 and CARD10. Using Genebass as a resource of exome-based disease association statistics, we found that activated alleles of CARD9 correlate with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, insomnia, anxiety, and depression, which can occur as comorbidities.
Keywords
al variation, protein engineering, reverse genetics, signal transduction, UK biobank, NF-KAPPA-B, RARE VARIANTS, CMV PROMOTER, CBM COMPLEX, MUTATIONS, ACTIVATION, CARMA1, DOMAIN, MALT1, IDENTIFICATION

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Citation

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MLA
Staal, Jens, et al. “Chimeric and Mutant CARD9 Constructs Enable Analyses of Conserved and Diverged Autoinhibition Mechanisms in the CARD-CC Protein Family.” FEBS JOURNAL, vol. 291, no. 6, 2024, pp. 1220–45, doi:10.1111/febs.17035.
APA
Staal, J., Driege, Y., Van Gaever, F., Steels, J., & Beyaert, R. (2024). Chimeric and mutant CARD9 constructs enable analyses of conserved and diverged autoinhibition mechanisms in the CARD-CC protein family. FEBS JOURNAL, 291(6), 1220–1245. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.17035
Chicago author-date
Staal, Jens, Yasmine Driege, Femke Van Gaever, Jill Steels, and Rudi Beyaert. 2024. “Chimeric and Mutant CARD9 Constructs Enable Analyses of Conserved and Diverged Autoinhibition Mechanisms in the CARD-CC Protein Family.” FEBS JOURNAL 291 (6): 1220–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.17035.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Staal, Jens, Yasmine Driege, Femke Van Gaever, Jill Steels, and Rudi Beyaert. 2024. “Chimeric and Mutant CARD9 Constructs Enable Analyses of Conserved and Diverged Autoinhibition Mechanisms in the CARD-CC Protein Family.” FEBS JOURNAL 291 (6): 1220–1245. doi:10.1111/febs.17035.
Vancouver
1.
Staal J, Driege Y, Van Gaever F, Steels J, Beyaert R. Chimeric and mutant CARD9 constructs enable analyses of conserved and diverged autoinhibition mechanisms in the CARD-CC protein family. FEBS JOURNAL. 2024;291(6):1220–45.
IEEE
[1]
J. Staal, Y. Driege, F. Van Gaever, J. Steels, and R. Beyaert, “Chimeric and mutant CARD9 constructs enable analyses of conserved and diverged autoinhibition mechanisms in the CARD-CC protein family,” FEBS JOURNAL, vol. 291, no. 6, pp. 1220–1245, 2024.
@article{01HMBCF80GVRGEKWH815G4MM3M,
  abstract     = {{Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein (CARD)9, CARD10, CARD11, and CARD14 all belong to the CARD-coiled coil (CC) protein family and originated from a single common ancestral protein early in vertebrate evolution. All four proteins form CARD-CC/BCL10/MALT1 (CBM) complexes leading to nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-kappa B) activation after upstream phosphorylation by various protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. CBM complex signaling is critical for innate and adaptive immunity, but aberrant activation can cause autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases, or be oncogenic. CARD9 shows a superior auto-inhibition compared with other CARD-CC family proteins, with very low spontaneous activity when overexpressed in HEK293T cells. In contrast, the poor auto-inhibition of other CARD-CC family proteins, especially CARD10 (CARMA3) and CARD14 (CARMA2), is hampering characterization of upstream activators or activating mutations in overexpression studies. We grafted different domains from CARD10, 11, and 14 on CARD9 to generate chimeric CARD9 backbones for functional characterization of activating mutants using NF-kappa B reporter gene activation in HEK293T cells as readout. CARD11 (CARMA1) activity was not further reduced by grafting on CARD9 backbones. The chimeric CARD9 approach was subsequently validated by using several known disease-associated mutations in CARD10 and CARD14, and additional screening allowed us to identify several previously unknown activating natural variants in human CARD9 and CARD10. Using Genebass as a resource of exome-based disease association statistics, we found that activated alleles of CARD9 correlate with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, insomnia, anxiety, and depression, which can occur as comorbidities.}},
  author       = {{Staal, Jens and Driege, Yasmine and Van Gaever, Femke and Steels, Jill and Beyaert, Rudi}},
  issn         = {{1742-464X}},
  journal      = {{FEBS JOURNAL}},
  keywords     = {{al variation,protein engineering,reverse genetics,signal transduction,UK biobank,NF-KAPPA-B,RARE VARIANTS,CMV PROMOTER,CBM COMPLEX,MUTATIONS,ACTIVATION,CARMA1,DOMAIN,MALT1,IDENTIFICATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{1220--1245}},
  title        = {{Chimeric and mutant CARD9 constructs enable analyses of conserved and diverged autoinhibition mechanisms in the CARD-CC protein family}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/febs.17035}},
  volume       = {{291}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

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