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The stratification of ISM properties in the edge-on galaxy NGC 891 revealed by NIKA2

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Abstract
Context: As the millimeter wavelength range remains a largely unexplored spectral region for galaxies, the IMEGIN large program aims to map the millimeter continuum emission of 22 nearby galaxies at 1.15 and 2 mm. Aims: Using the high-resolution maps produced by the NIKA2 camera, we explore the existence of very cold dust and take possible contamination by free-free and synchrotron emission into account. We study the IR-to-radio emission coming from different regions along the galactic plane and at large vertical distances. Methods: New observations of NGC 891, using the NIKA2 camera on the IRAM 30 m telescope, along with a suite of observations at other wavelengths were used to perform a multiwavelength study of the spectral energy distribution in the interstellar medium in this galaxy. This analysis was performed globally and locally, using the advanced hierarchical Bayesian fitting code, HerBIE, coupled with the THEMIS dust model. Results: Our dust modeling is able to reproduce the near-IR to millimeter emission of NGC 891, with the exception of an excess at a level of 25% obtained by the NIKA2 observations in the outermost parts of the disk. The radio continuum and thermal dust emission are distributed differently in the disk and galaxy halo. Different dusty environments are also revealed by a multiwavelength investigation of the emission features. Our detailed decomposition at millimeter and centimeter wavelengths shows that emission at 1 mm is purely originated by dust. Radio components become progressively important with increasing wavelengths. Finally, we find that emission arising from small dust grains accounts for ∼9.5% of the total dust mass, reaching up to 20% at large galactic latitudes. Shock waves in the outflows that shatter the dust grains might explain this higher fraction of small grains in the halo. Conclusions: NIKA2 observations have proven essential for a complete characterization of the interstellar medium in NGC 891. They have been critical to separate the dust, free-free, and synchrotron emission in the various emitting regions within the galaxy.
Keywords
galaxies: individual: NGC 891, galaxies: spiral, galaxies: ISM, infrared: galaxies, submillimeter: galaxies, radio continuum: galaxies, RADIO-CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS, SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, DUST EMISSION, COLD DUST, MOLECULAR GAS, SUBMILLIMETER EXCESS, INTERSTELLAR DUST, EXTRAPLANAR DUST, SPIRAL GALAXIES, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics

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MLA
Katsioli, S., et al. “The Stratification of ISM Properties in the Edge-on Galaxy NGC 891 Revealed by NIKA2.” ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, vol. 679, 2023, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347020.
APA
Katsioli, S., Xilouris, E. M., Kramer, C., Adam, R., Ade, P., Ajeddig, H., … Zylka, R. (2023). The stratification of ISM properties in the edge-on galaxy NGC 891 revealed by NIKA2. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 679. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347020
Chicago author-date
Katsioli, S., E. M. Xilouris, C. Kramer, R. Adam, P. Ade, H. Ajeddig, P. André, et al. 2023. “The Stratification of ISM Properties in the Edge-on Galaxy NGC 891 Revealed by NIKA2.” ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 679. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347020.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Katsioli, S., E. M. Xilouris, C. Kramer, R. Adam, P. Ade, H. Ajeddig, P. André, E. Artis, H. Aussel, Maarten Baes, A. Beelen, A. Benoît, S. Berta, L. Bing, O. Bourrion, M. Calvo, A. Catalano, C. J. R. Clark, Ilse De Looze, M. De Petris, F.-X. Désert, S. Doyle, E. F. C. Driessen, G. Ejlali, M. Galametz, F. Galliano, A. Gomez, J. Goupy, C. Hanser, A. Hughes, A. P. Jones, F. Kéruzoré, B. Ladjelate, G. Lagache, S. Leclercq, J.-F. Lestrade, J.-F. Macías-Pérez, S. C. Madden, A. Maury, P. Mauskopf, F. Mayet, A. Monfardini, M. Muñoz-Echeverría, Angelos Nersesian, L. Pantoni, D. Paradis, L. Perotto, G. Pisano, N. Ponthieu, V. Revéret, A. J. Rigby, A. Ritacco, C. Romero, H. Roussel, F. Ruppin, K. Schuster, A. Sievers, M. W. L. Smith, J. Tedros, F. Tabatabaei, C. Tucker, N. Ysard, and R. Zylka. 2023. “The Stratification of ISM Properties in the Edge-on Galaxy NGC 891 Revealed by NIKA2.” ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 679. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202347020.
Vancouver
1.
Katsioli S, Xilouris EM, Kramer C, Adam R, Ade P, Ajeddig H, et al. The stratification of ISM properties in the edge-on galaxy NGC 891 revealed by NIKA2. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS. 2023;679.
IEEE
[1]
S. Katsioli et al., “The stratification of ISM properties in the edge-on galaxy NGC 891 revealed by NIKA2,” ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, vol. 679, 2023.
@article{01HM94WGMAVR2HJCP2WQCB0CBY,
  abstract     = {{Context: As the millimeter wavelength range remains a largely unexplored spectral region for galaxies, the IMEGIN large program aims to map the millimeter continuum emission of 22 nearby galaxies at 1.15 and 2 mm.
Aims: Using the high-resolution maps produced by the NIKA2 camera, we explore the existence of very cold dust and take possible contamination by free-free and synchrotron emission into account. We study the IR-to-radio emission coming from different regions along the galactic plane and at large vertical distances.
Methods: New observations of NGC 891, using the NIKA2 camera on the IRAM 30 m telescope, along with a suite of observations at other wavelengths were used to perform a multiwavelength study of the spectral energy distribution in the interstellar medium in this galaxy. This analysis was performed globally and locally, using the advanced hierarchical Bayesian fitting code, HerBIE, coupled with the THEMIS dust model.
Results: Our dust modeling is able to reproduce the near-IR to millimeter emission of NGC 891, with the exception of an excess at a level of 25% obtained by the NIKA2 observations in the outermost parts of the disk. The radio continuum and thermal dust emission are distributed differently in the disk and galaxy halo. Different dusty environments are also revealed by a multiwavelength investigation of the emission features. Our detailed decomposition at millimeter and centimeter wavelengths shows that emission at 1 mm is purely originated by dust. Radio components become progressively important with increasing wavelengths. Finally, we find that emission arising from small dust grains accounts for ∼9.5% of the total dust mass, reaching up to 20% at large galactic latitudes. Shock waves in the outflows that shatter the dust grains might explain this higher fraction of small grains in the halo.
Conclusions: NIKA2 observations have proven essential for a complete characterization of the interstellar medium in NGC 891. They have been critical to separate the dust, free-free, and synchrotron emission in the various emitting regions within the galaxy.}},
  articleno    = {{A7}},
  author       = {{Katsioli, S. and Xilouris, E. M. and Kramer, C. and Adam, R. and Ade, P. and Ajeddig, H. and André, P. and Artis, E. and Aussel, H. and Baes, Maarten and Beelen, A. and Benoît, A. and Berta, S. and Bing, L. and Bourrion, O. and Calvo, M. and Catalano, A. and Clark, C. J. R. and De Looze, Ilse and De Petris, M. and Désert, F.-X. and Doyle, S. and Driessen, E. F. C. and Ejlali, G. and Galametz, M. and Galliano, F. and Gomez, A. and Goupy, J. and Hanser, C. and Hughes, A. and Jones, A. P. and Kéruzoré, F. and Ladjelate, B. and Lagache, G. and Leclercq, S. and Lestrade, J.-F. and Macías-Pérez, J.-F. and Madden, S. C. and Maury, A. and Mauskopf, P. and Mayet, F. and Monfardini, A. and Muñoz-Echeverría, M. and Nersesian, Angelos and Pantoni, L. and Paradis, D. and Perotto, L. and Pisano, G. and Ponthieu, N. and Revéret, V. and Rigby, A. J. and Ritacco, A. and Romero, C. and Roussel, H. and Ruppin, F. and Schuster, K. and Sievers, A. and Smith, M. W. L. and Tedros, J. and Tabatabaei, F. and Tucker, C. and Ysard, N. and Zylka, R.}},
  issn         = {{0004-6361}},
  journal      = {{ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS}},
  keywords     = {{galaxies: individual: NGC 891,galaxies: spiral,galaxies: ISM,infrared: galaxies,submillimeter: galaxies,radio continuum: galaxies,RADIO-CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS,SPECTRAL ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION,POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS,DUST EMISSION,COLD DUST,MOLECULAR GAS,SUBMILLIMETER EXCESS,INTERSTELLAR DUST,EXTRAPLANAR DUST,SPIRAL GALAXIES,Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{15}},
  title        = {{The stratification of ISM properties in the edge-on galaxy NGC 891 revealed by NIKA2}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202347020}},
  volume       = {{679}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

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