Sniffing out safety : canine detection and identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection from armpit sweat
- Author
- Chris Callewaert (UGent) , Maria Pezavant, Rony Vandaele, Bart Meeus, Ellen Vankrunkelsven, Phaedra Van Goethem, Alain Plumacker, Benoit Misset, Gilles Darcis, Sonia Piret, Lander De Vleeschouwer, Frank Staelens, Kristel Van Varenbergh, Sofie Tombeur, Anouck Ottevaere, Ilke Montag, Patricia Vandecandelaere, Stijn Jonckheere, Linos Vandekerckhove (UGent) , Els Tobback (UGent) , Gregoire Wieers, Jean-Christophe Marot, Kurt Anseeuw, Leen D'Hoore, Sebastiaan Tuyls, Brecht De Tavernier, Julie Catteeuw, Ali Lotfi, Alexey Melnik, Alexander Aksenov, Dominique Grandjean, Miguel Stevens, Frank Gasthuys (UGent) and Hugues Guyot
- Organization
- Abstract
- Detection dogs were trained to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection based on armpit sweat odor. Sweat samples were collected using cotton pads under the armpits of negative and positive human patients, confirmed by qPCR, for periods of 15-30 min. Multiple hospitals and organizations throughout Belgium participated in this study. The sweat samples were stored at -20 degrees C prior to being used for training purposes. Six dogs were trained under controlled atmosphere conditions for 2-3 months. After training, a 7-day validation period was conducted to assess the dogs' performances. The detection dogs exhibited an overall sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 98%, and an accuracy of 95%. After validation, training continued for 3 months, during which the dogs' performances remained the same. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed a unique sweat scent associated with SARS-CoV-2 positive sweat samples. This scent consisted of a wide variety of volatiles, including breakdown compounds of antiviral fatty acids, skin proteins and neurotransmitters/hormones. An acceptability survey conducted in Belgium demonstrated an overall high acceptability and enthusiasm toward the use of detection dogs for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Compared to qPCR and previous canine studies, the detection dogs have good performances in detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, using frozen sweat samples from the armpits. As a result, they can be used as an accurate pre-screening tool in various field settings alongside the PCR test.
- Keywords
- COVID-19, detection dogs, GC/MS (gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry), acceptability analysis, odor, axilla, vaccination, ACID, DOGS
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Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01HJ1BBWFBC3TY8MNT5H41WWPR
- MLA
- Callewaert, Chris, et al. “Sniffing out Safety : Canine Detection and Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Infection from Armpit Sweat.” FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE, vol. 10, 2023, doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1185779.
- APA
- Callewaert, C., Pezavant, M., Vandaele, R., Meeus, B., Vankrunkelsven, E., Van Goethem, P., … Guyot, H. (2023). Sniffing out safety : canine detection and identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection from armpit sweat. FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1185779
- Chicago author-date
- Callewaert, Chris, Maria Pezavant, Rony Vandaele, Bart Meeus, Ellen Vankrunkelsven, Phaedra Van Goethem, Alain Plumacker, et al. 2023. “Sniffing out Safety : Canine Detection and Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Infection from Armpit Sweat.” FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1185779.
- Chicago author-date (all authors)
- Callewaert, Chris, Maria Pezavant, Rony Vandaele, Bart Meeus, Ellen Vankrunkelsven, Phaedra Van Goethem, Alain Plumacker, Benoit Misset, Gilles Darcis, Sonia Piret, Lander De Vleeschouwer, Frank Staelens, Kristel Van Varenbergh, Sofie Tombeur, Anouck Ottevaere, Ilke Montag, Patricia Vandecandelaere, Stijn Jonckheere, Linos Vandekerckhove, Els Tobback, Gregoire Wieers, Jean-Christophe Marot, Kurt Anseeuw, Leen D’Hoore, Sebastiaan Tuyls, Brecht De Tavernier, Julie Catteeuw, Ali Lotfi, Alexey Melnik, Alexander Aksenov, Dominique Grandjean, Miguel Stevens, Frank Gasthuys, and Hugues Guyot. 2023. “Sniffing out Safety : Canine Detection and Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Infection from Armpit Sweat.” FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE 10. doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1185779.
- Vancouver
- 1.Callewaert C, Pezavant M, Vandaele R, Meeus B, Vankrunkelsven E, Van Goethem P, et al. Sniffing out safety : canine detection and identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection from armpit sweat. FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE. 2023;10.
- IEEE
- [1]C. Callewaert et al., “Sniffing out safety : canine detection and identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection from armpit sweat,” FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE, vol. 10, 2023.
@article{01HJ1BBWFBC3TY8MNT5H41WWPR,
abstract = {{Detection dogs were trained to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection based on armpit sweat odor. Sweat samples were collected using cotton pads under the armpits of negative and positive human patients, confirmed by qPCR, for periods of 15-30 min. Multiple hospitals and organizations throughout Belgium participated in this study. The sweat samples were stored at -20 degrees C prior to being used for training purposes. Six dogs were trained under controlled atmosphere conditions for 2-3 months. After training, a 7-day validation period was conducted to assess the dogs' performances. The detection dogs exhibited an overall sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 98%, and an accuracy of 95%. After validation, training continued for 3 months, during which the dogs' performances remained the same. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed a unique sweat scent associated with SARS-CoV-2 positive sweat samples. This scent consisted of a wide variety of volatiles, including breakdown compounds of antiviral fatty acids, skin proteins and neurotransmitters/hormones. An acceptability survey conducted in Belgium demonstrated an overall high acceptability and enthusiasm toward the use of detection dogs for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Compared to qPCR and previous canine studies, the detection dogs have good performances in detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, using frozen sweat samples from the armpits. As a result, they can be used as an accurate pre-screening tool in various field settings alongside the PCR test.}},
articleno = {{1185779}},
author = {{Callewaert, Chris and Pezavant, Maria and Vandaele, Rony and Meeus, Bart and Vankrunkelsven, Ellen and Van Goethem, Phaedra and Plumacker, Alain and Misset, Benoit and Darcis, Gilles and Piret, Sonia and De Vleeschouwer, Lander and Staelens, Frank and Van Varenbergh, Kristel and Tombeur, Sofie and Ottevaere, Anouck and Montag, Ilke and Vandecandelaere, Patricia and Jonckheere, Stijn and Vandekerckhove, Linos and Tobback, Els and Wieers, Gregoire and Marot, Jean-Christophe and Anseeuw, Kurt and D'Hoore, Leen and Tuyls, Sebastiaan and De Tavernier, Brecht and Catteeuw, Julie and Lotfi, Ali and Melnik, Alexey and Aksenov, Alexander and Grandjean, Dominique and Stevens, Miguel and Gasthuys, Frank and Guyot, Hugues}},
issn = {{2296-858X}},
journal = {{FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE}},
keywords = {{COVID-19,detection dogs,GC/MS (gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry),acceptability analysis,odor,axilla,vaccination,ACID,DOGS}},
language = {{eng}},
pages = {{14}},
title = {{Sniffing out safety : canine detection and identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection from armpit sweat}},
url = {{http://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1185779}},
volume = {{10}},
year = {{2023}},
}
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