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Soft tissue tumor imaging in adults : European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology-Guidelines 2023—overview, and primary local imaging : how and where?

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Abstract
ObjectivesEarly, accurate diagnosis is crucial for the prognosis of patients with soft tissue sarcomas. To this end, standardization of imaging algorithms, technical requirements, and reporting is therefore a prerequisite. Since the first European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) consensus in 2015, technical achievements, further insights into specific entities, and the revised WHO-classification (2020) and AJCC staging system (2017) made an update necessary. The guidelines are intended to support radiologists in their decision-making and contribute to interdisciplinary tumor board discussions.Materials and methodsA validated Delphi method based on peer-reviewed literature was used to derive consensus among a panel of 46 specialized musculoskeletal radiologists from 12 European countries. Statements were scored online by level of agreement (0 to 10) during two iterative rounds. Either "group consensus," "group agreement," or "lack of agreement" was achieved.ResultsEight sections were defined that finally contained 145 statements with comments. Overall, group consensus was reached in 95.9%, and group agreement in 4.1%. This communication contains the first part consisting of the imaging algorithm for suspected soft tissue tumors, methods for local imaging, and the role of tumor centers.ConclusionUltrasound represents the initial triage imaging modality for accessible and small tumors. MRI is the modality of choice for the characterization and local staging of most soft tissue tumors. CT is indicated in special situations. In suspicious or likely malignant tumors, a specialist tumor center should be contacted for referral or teleradiologic second opinion. This should be done before performing a biopsy, without exception.Clinical relevanceThe updated ESSR soft tissue tumor imaging guidelines aim to provide best practice expert consensus for standardized imaging, to support radiologists in their decision-making, and to improve examination comparability both in individual patients and in future studies on individualized strategies.Key Points center dot Ultrasound remains the best initial triage imaging modality for accessible and small suspected soft tissue tumors.center dot MRI is the modality of choice for the characterization and local staging of soft tissue tumors in most cases; CT is indicated in special situations. Suspicious or likely malignant tumors should undergo biopsy.center dot In patients with large, indeterminate or suspicious tumors, a tumor reference center should be contacted for referral or teleradiologic second opinion; this must be done before a biopsy.Key Points center dot Ultrasound remains the best initial triage imaging modality for accessible and small suspected soft tissue tumors.center dot MRI is the modality of choice for the characterization and local staging of soft tissue tumors in most cases; CT is indicated in special situations. Suspicious or likely malignant tumors should undergo biopsy.center dot In patients with large, indeterminate or suspicious tumors, a tumor reference center should be contacted for referral or teleradiologic second opinion; this must be done before a biopsy.Key Points center dot Ultrasound remains the best initial triage imaging modality for accessible and small suspected soft tissue tumors.center dot MRI is the modality of choice for the characterization and local staging of soft tissue tumors in most cases; CT is indicated in special situations. Suspicious or likely malignant tumors should undergo biopsy. center dot In patients with large, indeterminate or suspicious tumors, a tumor reference center should be contacted for referral or teleradiologic second opinion; this must be done before a biopsy.
Keywords
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine, Diagnostic imaging, Connective and soft tissue, Neoplasms, Consensus, Practice guideline

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MLA
Noebauer-Huhmann, Iris-Melanie, et al. “Soft Tissue Tumor Imaging in Adults : European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology-Guidelines 2023—Overview, and Primary Local Imaging : How and Where?” EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024, doi:10.1007/s00330-023-10425-5.
APA
Noebauer-Huhmann, I.-M., Vanhoenacker, F., Vilanova, J. C., Tagliafico, A. S., Weber, M.-A., Lalam, R. K., … Bloem, J. L. (2024). Soft tissue tumor imaging in adults : European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology-Guidelines 2023—overview, and primary local imaging : how and where? EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-023-10425-5
Chicago author-date
Noebauer-Huhmann, Iris-Melanie, Filip Vanhoenacker, Joan C. Vilanova, Alberto S. Tagliafico, Marc-André Weber, Radhesh K. Lalam, Thomas Grieser, et al. 2024. “Soft Tissue Tumor Imaging in Adults : European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology-Guidelines 2023—Overview, and Primary Local Imaging : How and Where?” EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-023-10425-5.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Noebauer-Huhmann, Iris-Melanie, Filip Vanhoenacker, Joan C. Vilanova, Alberto S. Tagliafico, Marc-André Weber, Radhesh K. Lalam, Thomas Grieser, Violeta Vasilevska Nikodinovska, Jacky W. J. de Rooy, Olympia Papakonstantinou, Catherine Mccarthy, Luca Maria Sconfienza, Koenraad Verstraete, José Martel-Villagrán, Pavol Szomolanyi, Frédéric E. Lecouvet, Diana Afonso, Omar M. Albtoush, Giacomo Aringhieri, Remide Arkun, Gunnar Aström, Alberto Bazzocchi, Rajesh Botchu, Martin Breitenseher, Snehansh Chaudhary, Danoob Dalili, Mark Davies, Milko C. de Jonge, Berna D. Mete, Jan Fritz, Jan L. M. A. Gielen, Geoff Hide, Amanda Isaac, Slavcho Ivanoski, Ramy M. Mansour, Lorenzo Muntaner-Gimbernat, Ana Navas, Paul O´Donnell, Şebnem Örgüç, Winston Rennie, Santiago Resano, Philip Robinson, Hatice T. Sanal, Simone A. J. Ter Horst, Kirsten van Langevelde, Klaus Wörtler, Marita Koelz, Joannis Panotopoulos, Reinhard Windhager, and Johannes L. Bloem. 2024. “Soft Tissue Tumor Imaging in Adults : European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology-Guidelines 2023—Overview, and Primary Local Imaging : How and Where?” EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY. doi:10.1007/s00330-023-10425-5.
Vancouver
1.
Noebauer-Huhmann I-M, Vanhoenacker F, Vilanova JC, Tagliafico AS, Weber M-A, Lalam RK, et al. Soft tissue tumor imaging in adults : European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology-Guidelines 2023—overview, and primary local imaging : how and where? EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY. 2024;
IEEE
[1]
I.-M. Noebauer-Huhmann et al., “Soft tissue tumor imaging in adults : European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology-Guidelines 2023—overview, and primary local imaging : how and where?,” EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY, 2024.
@article{01HJ17FHSR3V7S88KVPA4XBHKG,
  abstract     = {{ObjectivesEarly, accurate diagnosis is crucial for the prognosis of patients with soft tissue sarcomas. To this end, standardization of imaging algorithms, technical requirements, and reporting is therefore a prerequisite. Since the first European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) consensus in 2015, technical achievements, further insights into specific entities, and the revised WHO-classification (2020) and AJCC staging system (2017) made an update necessary. The guidelines are intended to support radiologists in their decision-making and contribute to interdisciplinary tumor board discussions.Materials and methodsA validated Delphi method based on peer-reviewed literature was used to derive consensus among a panel of 46 specialized musculoskeletal radiologists from 12 European countries. Statements were scored online by level of agreement (0 to 10) during two iterative rounds. Either "group consensus," "group agreement," or "lack of agreement" was achieved.ResultsEight sections were defined that finally contained 145 statements with comments. Overall, group consensus was reached in 95.9%, and group agreement in 4.1%. This communication contains the first part consisting of the imaging algorithm for suspected soft tissue tumors, methods for local imaging, and the role of tumor centers.ConclusionUltrasound represents the initial triage imaging modality for accessible and small tumors. MRI is the modality of choice for the characterization and local staging of most soft tissue tumors. CT is indicated in special situations. In suspicious or likely malignant tumors, a specialist tumor center should be contacted for referral or teleradiologic second opinion. This should be done before performing a biopsy, without exception.Clinical relevanceThe updated ESSR soft tissue tumor imaging guidelines aim to provide best practice expert consensus for standardized imaging, to support radiologists in their decision-making, and to improve examination comparability both in individual patients and in future studies on individualized strategies.Key Points center dot Ultrasound remains the best initial triage imaging modality for accessible and small suspected soft tissue tumors.center dot MRI is the modality of choice for the characterization and local staging of soft tissue tumors in most cases; CT is indicated in special situations. Suspicious or likely malignant tumors should undergo biopsy.center dot In patients with large, indeterminate or suspicious tumors, a tumor reference center should be contacted for referral or teleradiologic second opinion; this must be done before a biopsy.Key Points center dot Ultrasound remains the best initial triage imaging modality for accessible and small suspected soft tissue tumors.center dot MRI is the modality of choice for the characterization and local staging of soft tissue tumors in most cases; CT is indicated in special situations. Suspicious or likely malignant tumors should undergo biopsy.center dot In patients with large, indeterminate or suspicious tumors, a tumor reference center should be contacted for referral or teleradiologic second opinion; this must be done before a biopsy.Key Points center dot Ultrasound remains the best initial triage imaging modality for accessible and small suspected soft tissue tumors.center dot MRI is the modality of choice for the characterization and local staging of soft tissue tumors in most cases; CT is indicated in special situations. Suspicious or likely malignant tumors should undergo biopsy.

center dot In patients with large, indeterminate or suspicious tumors, a tumor reference center should be contacted for referral or teleradiologic second opinion; this must be done before a biopsy.}},
  author       = {{Noebauer-Huhmann, Iris-Melanie and Vanhoenacker, Filip and Vilanova, Joan C. and Tagliafico, Alberto S. and Weber, Marc-André and Lalam, Radhesh K. and Grieser, Thomas and Nikodinovska, Violeta Vasilevska and de Rooy, Jacky W. J. and Papakonstantinou, Olympia and Mccarthy, Catherine and Sconfienza, Luca Maria and Verstraete, Koenraad and Martel-Villagrán, José and Szomolanyi, Pavol and Lecouvet, Frédéric E. and Afonso, Diana and Albtoush, Omar M. and Aringhieri, Giacomo and Arkun, Remide and Aström, Gunnar and Bazzocchi, Alberto and Botchu, Rajesh and Breitenseher, Martin and Chaudhary, Snehansh and Dalili, Danoob and Davies, Mark and de Jonge, Milko C. and Mete, Berna D. and Fritz, Jan and Gielen, Jan L. M. A. and Hide, Geoff and Isaac, Amanda and Ivanoski, Slavcho and Mansour, Ramy M. and Muntaner-Gimbernat, Lorenzo and Navas, Ana and O´Donnell, Paul and Örgüç, Şebnem and Rennie, Winston and Resano, Santiago and Robinson, Philip and Sanal, Hatice T. and Ter Horst, Simone A. J. and van Langevelde, Kirsten and Wörtler, Klaus and Koelz, Marita and Panotopoulos, Joannis and Windhager, Reinhard and Bloem, Johannes L.}},
  issn         = {{0938-7994}},
  journal      = {{EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging,General Medicine,Diagnostic imaging,Connective and soft tissue,Neoplasms,Consensus,Practice guideline}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{11}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{Soft tissue tumor imaging in adults : European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology-Guidelines 2023—overview, and primary local imaging : how and where?}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-023-10425-5}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

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