@inproceedings{01HG6D14Z8349PQJ035RVFFBWA,
  abstract     = {{Oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is a critical tool in the WHO’s global program for cholera control and elimination. Before testing new vaccines in humans preclinical testing in animals is performed. Pigs have some advantages over mice in that their anatomical size and structure, their immunology, genome, and physiology, are more closer to these of humans, making them a more appropriate model to test an oral vaccination strategy intended to be used in humans than mice are. Pigs can for instance swallow capsule formulations unable to be swallowed by mice. Here a new low-cost, thermostable dry formulation of whole-cell / recombinant B-subunit (CTB) in enterocoated capsules (Duochol® OCV) was compared with the liquid commercial Dukoral® OCV. Both were administered three times with a 3-week interval to groups of 7 pigs. 
Serum IgG and IgA anti-Inaba and anti-Ogawa LPS as well as anti-CTB antibody responses were determined by ELISA and vibriocidal serum antibody levels against Vibrio cholerae O1 strains Inaba and Ogawa using guinea pig complement. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated to determine the antibodies in lymphocyte supernatant (ALS) response.
Both Duochol and the liquid Dukoral were immunogenic in pigs, resulting in highly significant vibriocidal antibody responses to both Inaba and Ogawa bacteria in 7 out of 7 pigs that had received Duochol and in 6 of the 7 pigs who obtained Dukoral. There was also an immune response to CTB in most of the immunized animals however less impressive than the vibriocidal antibody responses, most likely due to preexisting antitoxin titers in some animals, probably a reflection to natural exposure to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Duochol OCV was safe and showed equivalent immunogenicity as Dukoral.
This is to our knowledge the first study ever in pigs to determine the immune response in pigs to any OCV whether liquid or capsule.

The authors acknowledge the Welcome Trust for the financial support of both the Duochol vaccine as well as the present study.}},
  author       = {{Cox, Eric and Devriendt, Bert and Brabant, Simon and Terrinoni, Manuela and Lebens, Michael and Hölmgren, Jan}},
  booktitle    = {{Veterinary Immunology, 13th International symposium, Abstracts}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  location     = {{Kruger National Park, South Africa}},
  pages        = {{1}},
  title        = {{Human whole-cell / B-subunit oral cholera vaccines Duochol and Dukoral induce antibody responses in a porcine model}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}