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Current progress in developing a MARPOL Annex VI enforcement strategy in the Bonn Agreement through remote measurements

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Abstract
The harmful environmental and human health consequences of air pollution from ships are widely acknowl-edged, leading to their regulation under IMO's MARPOL Annex VI, setting limits on the emission of SOx and NOx from ships. This article provides an overview of the current progress made by the Bonn Agreement (BA) in adopting a MARPOL Annex VI monitoring strategy. In 2019, the North Sea Ministers of the parties of the BA formally agreed to include MARPOL Annex VI within the jurisdiction of the BA. Through cooperation on MARPOL Annex VI enforcement at sea, the BA aims to attain a significant decrease in air pollution violations, similar to the accomplished outcomes observed in the past three decades regarding oil pollution. Subsequently, in 2021, a BA MARPOL Annex VI expert workshop was convened, which identified a series of action points. To effectively address these action points, two working groups (WGs) were established: the Strategic Operational WG and the Technical WG. The primary objective of the WGs is the exchange of best practices, monitoring outcomes and the harmonization of enforcement practices among the Parties of the BA, with the aim of implementing an efficient monitoring and enforcement strategy within the BA. The BA has recognized that remote monitoring operations play a pivotal role within this strategy. This article explores the extent to which remote measurements can contribute to the development of a regional enforcement strategy for MARPOL Annex VI within the framework of the BA.
Keywords
Ship emissions, Airborne monitoring, Port State Control, MARPOL Annex VI, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, ECA, Bonn Agreement, North Sea Network on Prosecutors, Thetis-EU, EMISSION FACTORS, SO2, PARTICLES, SHIPS, NOX

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MLA
Van Roy, Ward, et al. “Current Progress in Developing a MARPOL Annex VI Enforcement Strategy in the Bonn Agreement through Remote Measurements.” MARINE POLICY, vol. 158, 2023, doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105882.
APA
Van Roy, W., Scheldeman, K., Van Nieuwenhove, A., Merveille, J.-B., Schallier, R., & Maes, F. (2023). Current progress in developing a MARPOL Annex VI enforcement strategy in the Bonn Agreement through remote measurements. MARINE POLICY, 158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105882
Chicago author-date
Van Roy, Ward, Kobe Scheldeman, Annelore Van Nieuwenhove, Jean-Baptiste Merveille, Ronny Schallier, and Frank Maes. 2023. “Current Progress in Developing a MARPOL Annex VI Enforcement Strategy in the Bonn Agreement through Remote Measurements.” MARINE POLICY 158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105882.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Van Roy, Ward, Kobe Scheldeman, Annelore Van Nieuwenhove, Jean-Baptiste Merveille, Ronny Schallier, and Frank Maes. 2023. “Current Progress in Developing a MARPOL Annex VI Enforcement Strategy in the Bonn Agreement through Remote Measurements.” MARINE POLICY 158. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105882.
Vancouver
1.
Van Roy W, Scheldeman K, Van Nieuwenhove A, Merveille J-B, Schallier R, Maes F. Current progress in developing a MARPOL Annex VI enforcement strategy in the Bonn Agreement through remote measurements. MARINE POLICY. 2023;158.
IEEE
[1]
W. Van Roy, K. Scheldeman, A. Van Nieuwenhove, J.-B. Merveille, R. Schallier, and F. Maes, “Current progress in developing a MARPOL Annex VI enforcement strategy in the Bonn Agreement through remote measurements,” MARINE POLICY, vol. 158, 2023.
@article{01HEQBE3KWJ3PV0WQJW5QCV16A,
  abstract     = {{The harmful environmental and human health consequences of air pollution from ships are widely acknowl-edged, leading to their regulation under IMO's MARPOL Annex VI, setting limits on the emission of SOx and NOx from ships. This article provides an overview of the current progress made by the Bonn Agreement (BA) in adopting a MARPOL Annex VI monitoring strategy. In 2019, the North Sea Ministers of the parties of the BA formally agreed to include MARPOL Annex VI within the jurisdiction of the BA. Through cooperation on MARPOL Annex VI enforcement at sea, the BA aims to attain a significant decrease in air pollution violations, similar to the accomplished outcomes observed in the past three decades regarding oil pollution. Subsequently, in 2021, a BA MARPOL Annex VI expert workshop was convened, which identified a series of action points. To effectively address these action points, two working groups (WGs) were established: the Strategic Operational WG and the Technical WG. The primary objective of the WGs is the exchange of best practices, monitoring outcomes and the harmonization of enforcement practices among the Parties of the BA, with the aim of implementing an efficient monitoring and enforcement strategy within the BA. The BA has recognized that remote monitoring operations play a pivotal role within this strategy. This article explores the extent to which remote measurements can contribute to the development of a regional enforcement strategy for MARPOL Annex VI within the framework of the BA.}},
  articleno    = {{105882}},
  author       = {{Van Roy, Ward and Scheldeman, Kobe and Van Nieuwenhove, Annelore and Merveille, Jean-Baptiste and Schallier, Ronny and Maes, Frank}},
  issn         = {{0308-597X}},
  journal      = {{MARINE POLICY}},
  keywords     = {{Ship emissions,Airborne monitoring,Port State Control,MARPOL Annex VI,Sulfur dioxide,Nitrogen oxides,ECA,Bonn Agreement,North Sea Network on Prosecutors,Thetis-EU,EMISSION FACTORS,SO2,PARTICLES,SHIPS,NOX}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{5}},
  title        = {{Current progress in developing a MARPOL Annex VI enforcement strategy in the Bonn Agreement through remote measurements}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105882}},
  volume       = {{158}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

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