@misc{01HCAEZEWK7B8WD3G8BGBEZ9GW,
  abstract     = {{The effects of nickel on a fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) population were studied using a Dynamic Energy Budget – Individual Based Model (DEB-IBM), developed by Vaugeois et al. (2020). Data on lethal (hatchability) and sublethal endpoints of the chronic nickel toxicity study of Pickering (1974) were used for calibration and implementation of nickel effects into this DEB-IBM. This calibrated DEB-IBM was then used to extrapolate the study results to the population level. 

To calibrate sub-lethal effects on reproduction (number of eggs) and growth (length of 30-d old individuals), we first calibrated assimilation correction factors for the hatchery period (af,hatchery) and for the period of the experiment (af,lab) to correct for differences in experimental conditions, as the physico-chemical properties of the test water and genetic difference between different fish strains. Subsequently, we calibrated a stress parameter for the Physiological Model of Action (PMoA) reproduction efficiency (sr), to calibrate the effect of nickel on the number of eggs spawned. Subsequently, we calibrated stress parameters for the three possible PMoAs for the effect of nickel on the length of 30-d old individuals of the second generation, i.e., a stress parameter for either assimilation efficiency (sf), maintenance cost (sm) or growth cost (sg). Because no distinction could be made between these three PMoAs for the effect on the length of 30-d old individuals, all three were extrapolated to the population level. This was done simultaneously with implemented effects on reproduction efficiency (i.e., the effect on the number of eggs) and the effect on hatchability.

Overall, our results showed that the predicted NOECpop differed between the chosen endpoint, i.e., fish density and biomass density. The NOECpop (< 0.082 mg/L) for total fish density was  > 4.6-fold lower than the NOECpop for total biomass density (i.e., 0.38 mg/L). This difference in NOECpop highlights the importance of estimating population-level effect concentrations based on multiple population-level endpoints. The NOECpop of fish density was equal to the most sensitive individual-level NOEC of the study of Pickering (1974) (i.e., < 0.082 mg/L) and the NOECpop of biomass density was > 4.6 times higher than the most sensitive individual-level NOEC. We also predicted an effect of nickel on the size distribution of the fathead minnow population, i.e., more adults in relation to juveniles were predicted with increasing nickel concentrations. Furthermore, we did not find an effect of implementing growth effects of juveniles in the population model via an effect on assimilation, maintenance, or growth. Further research on individual-level endpoints (survival, growth, and reproduction) over time for the different life stages of fathead minnow can help to obtain more accurate population-level predictions.}},
  author       = {{Janssen, Sharon and Viaene, Karel and Van Sprang, Patrick and De Schamphelaere, Karel}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  publisher    = {{Ghent University & ARCHE Assessing Risks of Chemicals}},
  title        = {{Ecorelevance : modelling nickel effects on Pimephales promelas populations}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}