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Simultaneous detection and quantification of Aflatoxin M1, eight microcystin congeners and nodularin in dairy milk by LC-MS/MS

Camille Van Camp, Wannes Van Hassel, Mohamed Fathi Abdallah (UGent) and Julien Masquelier
(2023) CHEMOSENSORS. 11(10).
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Abstract
Dairy milk holds a prominent position as a widely consumed food, particularly among infants and children. However, it is crucial to address the presence of multiple natural toxic compounds that may co-occur in dairy milk to ensure its safety prior to consumption. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), an emerging mycotoxin of interest, is a potential contaminant in the milk of animals who ingest aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The toxin is regulated in the European Union under Commission Regulation No 1881/2006. Unfortunately, there is a notable lack of data concerning the transfer of various emerging microbial contaminants into dairy milk and, therefore, their natural occurrences. In this study, a simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of multiple cyanotoxins (microcystin congeners and nodularin) and AFM1 by the main analytical guidelines. Toxins are extracted with methanol 80%, followed by an SPE clean-up step before LC-MS/MS analysis. The LOQ was fixed at 1 µg/L for the nine cyanotoxins and 0.05 µg/L for AFM1. Recoveries were measured between 82.67% and 102%. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other LC-MS/MS methods available for the simultaneous quantification of cyanotoxins and mycotoxins in milk.
Keywords
cyanotoxins, aflatoxin M1, dairy milk, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, food safety, method development, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY, SAMPLE PREPARATION, M-1 CONTAMINATION, MYCOTOXINS, PRODUCTS, QUANTITATION, OCHRATOXIN, VALIDATION, POWDER, WATER

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Citation

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MLA
Van Camp, Camille, et al. “Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of Aflatoxin M1, Eight Microcystin Congeners and Nodularin in Dairy Milk by LC-MS/MS.” CHEMOSENSORS, vol. 11, no. 10, 2023, doi:10.3390/chemosensors11100511.
APA
Van Camp, C., Van Hassel, W., Abdallah, M. F., & Masquelier, J. (2023). Simultaneous detection and quantification of Aflatoxin M1, eight microcystin congeners and nodularin in dairy milk by LC-MS/MS. CHEMOSENSORS, 11(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100511
Chicago author-date
Van Camp, Camille, Wannes Van Hassel, Mohamed Fathi Abdallah, and Julien Masquelier. 2023. “Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of Aflatoxin M1, Eight Microcystin Congeners and Nodularin in Dairy Milk by LC-MS/MS.” CHEMOSENSORS 11 (10). https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100511.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Van Camp, Camille, Wannes Van Hassel, Mohamed Fathi Abdallah, and Julien Masquelier. 2023. “Simultaneous Detection and Quantification of Aflatoxin M1, Eight Microcystin Congeners and Nodularin in Dairy Milk by LC-MS/MS.” CHEMOSENSORS 11 (10). doi:10.3390/chemosensors11100511.
Vancouver
1.
Van Camp C, Van Hassel W, Abdallah MF, Masquelier J. Simultaneous detection and quantification of Aflatoxin M1, eight microcystin congeners and nodularin in dairy milk by LC-MS/MS. CHEMOSENSORS. 2023;11(10).
IEEE
[1]
C. Van Camp, W. Van Hassel, M. F. Abdallah, and J. Masquelier, “Simultaneous detection and quantification of Aflatoxin M1, eight microcystin congeners and nodularin in dairy milk by LC-MS/MS,” CHEMOSENSORS, vol. 11, no. 10, 2023.
@article{01HBAMFP9Q724RJ7J4SF6R9BKX,
  abstract     = {{Dairy milk holds a prominent position as a widely consumed food, particularly among infants and children. However, it is crucial to address the presence of multiple natural toxic compounds that may co-occur in dairy milk to ensure its safety prior to consumption. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), an emerging mycotoxin of interest, is a potential contaminant in the milk of animals who ingest aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The toxin is regulated in the European Union under Commission Regulation No 1881/2006. Unfortunately, there is a notable lack of data concerning the transfer of various emerging microbial contaminants into dairy milk and, therefore, their natural occurrences. In this study, a simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of multiple cyanotoxins (microcystin congeners and nodularin) and AFM1 by the main analytical guidelines. Toxins are extracted with methanol 80%, followed by an SPE clean-up step before LC-MS/MS analysis. The LOQ was fixed at 1 µg/L for the nine cyanotoxins and 0.05 µg/L for AFM1. Recoveries were measured between 82.67% and 102%. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other LC-MS/MS methods available for the simultaneous quantification of cyanotoxins and mycotoxins in milk.}},
  articleno    = {{511}},
  author       = {{Van Camp, Camille and Van Hassel, Wannes and Abdallah, Mohamed Fathi and Masquelier, Julien}},
  issn         = {{2227-9040}},
  journal      = {{CHEMOSENSORS}},
  keywords     = {{cyanotoxins,aflatoxin M1,dairy milk,liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry,food safety,method development,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY,SAMPLE PREPARATION,M-1 CONTAMINATION,MYCOTOXINS,PRODUCTS,QUANTITATION,OCHRATOXIN,VALIDATION,POWDER,WATER}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{10}},
  pages        = {{17}},
  title        = {{Simultaneous detection and quantification of Aflatoxin M1, eight microcystin congeners and nodularin in dairy milk by LC-MS/MS}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11100511}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}
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