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Formulation, characterization, and physical stability of encapsulated walnut green husk (Juglans regia L.) extract in phosphatidylcholine liposomes

Sorour Barekat, Ali Nasirpour, Javad Keramat, Mohammad Dinari, Myriam Claeys (UGent) , Ali Sedaghat Doost (UGent) and Paul Van der Meeren (UGent)
(2023) JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 45(11). p.2180-2193
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Abstract
This study aimed to optimize a liposomal formulation to enhance the stability of a phenolic-rich extract from green walnut husk. Liposomes were prepared using varying concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (0.15-2% w/v), extract (0-1.3% v/v), and sodium laurate (0-0.2% w/v) via ethanol injection and sonication. Characterization included visual appearance, particle size, polydispersity index, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency, and morphology. Stable liposomes were achieved at 0.15% and 0.3% w/v phosphatidylcholine, although with low encapsulation efficiency (<40%). The addition of 0.2% (w/v) sodium laurate improved the stability, especially at higher phosphatidylcholine concentrations, enhancing the electrostatic repulsion. Optimal concentrations of 2% w/v phosphatidylcholine, 0.2% w/v sodium laurate, and 0.6% v/v extract were determined. The liposomes exhibited a spherical unilamellar morphology with a size of 97.5 +/- 0.9 nm and a negative surface charge of -39.8 +/- 0.9 mV. These nanoliposomes showed 79.7 +/- 0.7% encapsulation efficiency and remained stable under pH, temperature, ionic strength, and storage time variations. Overall, the liposomes proved effective in preserving the natural phenolics of walnut husks under challenging environmental conditions.
Keywords
Liposomes, walnut green husk extract, phosphatidylcholine, sodium laurate, encapsulation efficiency, QUERCETIN, CURCUMIN

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MLA
Barekat, Sorour, et al. “Formulation, Characterization, and Physical Stability of Encapsulated Walnut Green Husk (Juglans Regia L.) Extract in Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes.” JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 45, no. 11, 2023, pp. 2180–93, doi:10.1080/01932691.2023.2256389.
APA
Barekat, S., Nasirpour, A., Keramat, J., Dinari, M., Claeys, M., Sedaghat Doost, A., & Van der Meeren, P. (2023). Formulation, characterization, and physical stability of encapsulated walnut green husk (Juglans regia L.) extract in phosphatidylcholine liposomes. JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 45(11), 2180–2193. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2023.2256389
Chicago author-date
Barekat, Sorour, Ali Nasirpour, Javad Keramat, Mohammad Dinari, Myriam Claeys, Ali Sedaghat Doost, and Paul Van der Meeren. 2023. “Formulation, Characterization, and Physical Stability of Encapsulated Walnut Green Husk (Juglans Regia L.) Extract in Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes.” JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 45 (11): 2180–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2023.2256389.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Barekat, Sorour, Ali Nasirpour, Javad Keramat, Mohammad Dinari, Myriam Claeys, Ali Sedaghat Doost, and Paul Van der Meeren. 2023. “Formulation, Characterization, and Physical Stability of Encapsulated Walnut Green Husk (Juglans Regia L.) Extract in Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes.” JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 45 (11): 2180–2193. doi:10.1080/01932691.2023.2256389.
Vancouver
1.
Barekat S, Nasirpour A, Keramat J, Dinari M, Claeys M, Sedaghat Doost A, et al. Formulation, characterization, and physical stability of encapsulated walnut green husk (Juglans regia L.) extract in phosphatidylcholine liposomes. JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2023;45(11):2180–93.
IEEE
[1]
S. Barekat et al., “Formulation, characterization, and physical stability of encapsulated walnut green husk (Juglans regia L.) extract in phosphatidylcholine liposomes,” JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 2180–2193, 2023.
@article{01HAVAZDA5XR5M26QXZPGFQ23F,
  abstract     = {{This study aimed to optimize a liposomal formulation to enhance the stability of a phenolic-rich extract from green walnut husk. Liposomes were prepared using varying concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (0.15-2% w/v), extract (0-1.3% v/v), and sodium laurate (0-0.2% w/v) via ethanol injection and sonication. Characterization included visual appearance, particle size, polydispersity index, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency, and morphology. Stable liposomes were achieved at 0.15% and 0.3% w/v phosphatidylcholine, although with low encapsulation efficiency (<40%). The addition of 0.2% (w/v) sodium laurate improved the stability, especially at higher phosphatidylcholine concentrations, enhancing the electrostatic repulsion. Optimal concentrations of 2% w/v phosphatidylcholine, 0.2% w/v sodium laurate, and 0.6% v/v extract were determined. The liposomes exhibited a spherical unilamellar morphology with a size of 97.5 +/- 0.9 nm and a negative surface charge of -39.8 +/- 0.9 mV. These nanoliposomes showed 79.7 +/- 0.7% encapsulation efficiency and remained stable under pH, temperature, ionic strength, and storage time variations. Overall, the liposomes proved effective in preserving the natural phenolics of walnut husks under challenging environmental conditions.}},
  author       = {{Barekat, Sorour and Nasirpour, Ali and Keramat, Javad and Dinari, Mohammad and Claeys, Myriam and Sedaghat Doost, Ali and Van der Meeren, Paul}},
  issn         = {{0193-2691}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Liposomes,walnut green husk extract,phosphatidylcholine,sodium laurate,encapsulation efficiency,QUERCETIN,CURCUMIN}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{11}},
  pages        = {{2180--2193}},
  title        = {{Formulation, characterization, and physical stability of encapsulated walnut green husk (Juglans regia L.) extract in phosphatidylcholine liposomes}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2023.2256389}},
  volume       = {{45}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}
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