@article{01HAPP7SC06GXS6GEMRY3QFZPJ,
  abstract     = {{In order to minimize animal loss and eco-nomical loss, industrial poultry is heavily vaccinated against infectious agents. mRNA vaccination is an effec-tive vaccination platform, yet little to no comprehensive, comparative studies in avians can be found. Nevertheless, poultry mRNA vaccination could prove to be very inter-esting due to the relatively low production cost, especially true when using self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA), and their extreme adaptability to new pathogens. The latter could be particularly useful when new pathogens join the stage or new variants arise. As a first step toward the investigation of saRNA vaccines in poultry, this study evaluates a luciferase-encoding saRNA in avian tracheal explants, conjunctival explants, primary chicken cecal cells and 18-day embryonated eggs. Naked saRNA in combination with RNase inhibitor and 2 different lipid- based formulations, that is, ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and Lipofectamine Messenger Max, were evalu-ated. The saRNA-LNP formulation led to the highest bio-luminescent signal in the tracheal explants, conjunctival explants and cecal cell cultures. A dose-response experi-ment with these saRNA-LNPs (33-900 ng/well) in these avian organoids and cells showed a nonlinear dose -response relationship. After in ovo administration, the highest dose of the saRNA-LNPs (5 mg) resulted in a visual expression as a weak bioluminescence signal could be seen. The other delivery approaches did not lead to a visual saRNA expression in the embryos. In conclusion, effective entry of saRNA encapsulated in LNPs followed by successful saRNA translation in poultry was estab-lished. Hence, mRNA vaccination in poultry could be pos-but further in vivo is needed.}},
  articleno    = {{103078}},
  author       = {{Snoeck, Janne and Chiers, Koen and Tam, Ying and Sanders, Niek and Garmyn, An}},
  issn         = {{0032-5791}},
  journal      = {{POULTRY SCIENCE}},
  keywords     = {{Animal Science and Zoology,General Medicine,broiler chicken,administration route model,lipid nanoparticle (LNP),mRNA vaccination,self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA)}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{11}},
  pages        = {{11}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{Evaluation of a self-amplifying mRNA reporter vaccine in explant models of broiler chickens}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.103078}},
  volume       = {{102}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

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