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Investigating years of life lost in Belgium, 2004–2019 : a comprehensive analysis using a probabilistic redistribution approach

Brecht Devleesschauwer (UGent) , Aline Scohy, Robby De Pauw (UGent) , Vanessa Gorasso (UGent) , Anne Kongs, Elias Neirynck, Peter Verduyckt, Grant M. A. Wyper and Laura Van den Borre
(2023) ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH. 81(1).
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Organization
Abstract
Introduction Information on years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality is instrumental to assess the fatal impact of disease and necessary for the calculation of Belgian disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). This study presents a novel method to reallocate causes of death data.Materials and methods Causes of death data are provided by Statistics Belgium (Statbel). First, the specific ICD-10 codes that define the underlying cause of death are mapped to the GBD cause list. Second, ill-defined deaths (IDDs) are redistributed to specific ICD-10 codes. A four-step probabilistic redistribution was developed to fit the Belgian context: redistribution using predefined ICD codes, redistribution using multiple causes of death data, internal redistribution, and redistribution to all causes. Finally, we used the GBD 2019 reference life table to calculate Standard Expected Years of Life Lost (SEYLL).Results In Belgium, between 2004 and 2019, IDDs increased from 31 to 34% of all deaths. The majority was redistributed using predefined ICD codes (14-15%), followed by the redistribution using multiple causes of death data (10-12%). The total number of SEYLL decreased from 1.83 to 1.73 million per year. In 2019, the top cause of SEYLL was lung cancer with a share of 8.5%, followed by ischemic heart disease (8.1%) and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (5.7%). All results are available in an online tool https://burden.sciensano.be/shiny/mortality2019/.Conclusion The redistribution process assigned a specific cause of death to all deaths in Belgium, making it possible to investigate the full mortality burden for the first time. A large number of estimates were produced to estimate SEYLL by age, sex, and region for a large number of causes of death and every year between 2004 and 2019. These estimates are important stepping stones for future investigations on Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in Belgium.
Keywords
Belgium, Burden of disease, Cause of death, Garbage code, Ill-defined death, Mortality, Redistribution, Years of life lost

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MLA
Devleesschauwer, Brecht, et al. “Investigating Years of Life Lost in Belgium, 2004–2019 : A Comprehensive Analysis Using a Probabilistic Redistribution Approach.” ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH, vol. 81, no. 1, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023, doi:10.1186/s13690-023-01163-7.
APA
Devleesschauwer, B., Scohy, A., De Pauw, R., Gorasso, V., Kongs, A., Neirynck, E., … Van den Borre, L. (2023). Investigating years of life lost in Belgium, 2004–2019 : a comprehensive analysis using a probabilistic redistribution approach. ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 81(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-023-01163-7
Chicago author-date
Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Aline Scohy, Robby De Pauw, Vanessa Gorasso, Anne Kongs, Elias Neirynck, Peter Verduyckt, Grant M. A. Wyper, and Laura Van den Borre. 2023. “Investigating Years of Life Lost in Belgium, 2004–2019 : A Comprehensive Analysis Using a Probabilistic Redistribution Approach.” ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH 81 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-023-01163-7.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Aline Scohy, Robby De Pauw, Vanessa Gorasso, Anne Kongs, Elias Neirynck, Peter Verduyckt, Grant M. A. Wyper, and Laura Van den Borre. 2023. “Investigating Years of Life Lost in Belgium, 2004–2019 : A Comprehensive Analysis Using a Probabilistic Redistribution Approach.” ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH 81 (1). doi:10.1186/s13690-023-01163-7.
Vancouver
1.
Devleesschauwer B, Scohy A, De Pauw R, Gorasso V, Kongs A, Neirynck E, et al. Investigating years of life lost in Belgium, 2004–2019 : a comprehensive analysis using a probabilistic redistribution approach. ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH. 2023;81(1).
IEEE
[1]
B. Devleesschauwer et al., “Investigating years of life lost in Belgium, 2004–2019 : a comprehensive analysis using a probabilistic redistribution approach,” ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH, vol. 81, no. 1, 2023.
@article{01H8RR7GK1TETWGJKV451D94A4,
  abstract     = {{Introduction Information on years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality is instrumental to assess the fatal impact of disease and necessary for the calculation of Belgian disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). This study presents a novel method to reallocate causes of death data.Materials and methods Causes of death data are provided by Statistics Belgium (Statbel). First, the specific ICD-10 codes that define the underlying cause of death are mapped to the GBD cause list. Second, ill-defined deaths (IDDs) are redistributed to specific ICD-10 codes. A four-step probabilistic redistribution was developed to fit the Belgian context: redistribution using predefined ICD codes, redistribution using multiple causes of death data, internal redistribution, and redistribution to all causes. Finally, we used the GBD 2019 reference life table to calculate Standard Expected Years of Life Lost (SEYLL).Results In Belgium, between 2004 and 2019, IDDs increased from 31 to 34% of all deaths. The majority was redistributed using predefined ICD codes (14-15%), followed by the redistribution using multiple causes of death data (10-12%). The total number of SEYLL decreased from 1.83 to 1.73 million per year. In 2019, the top cause of SEYLL was lung cancer with a share of 8.5%, followed by ischemic heart disease (8.1%) and Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (5.7%). All results are available in an online tool https://burden.sciensano.be/shiny/mortality2019/.Conclusion The redistribution process assigned a specific cause of death to all deaths in Belgium, making it possible to investigate the full mortality burden for the first time. A large number of estimates were produced to estimate SEYLL by age, sex, and region for a large number of causes of death and every year between 2004 and 2019. These estimates are important stepping stones for future investigations on Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in Belgium.}},
  articleno    = {{160}},
  author       = {{Devleesschauwer, Brecht and Scohy, Aline and De Pauw, Robby and Gorasso, Vanessa and Kongs, Anne and Neirynck, Elias and Verduyckt, Peter and Wyper, Grant M. A. and Van den Borre, Laura}},
  issn         = {{0778-7367}},
  journal      = {{ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH}},
  keywords     = {{Belgium,Burden of disease,Cause of death,Garbage code,Ill-defined death,Mortality,Redistribution,Years of life lost}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{12}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{Investigating years of life lost in Belgium, 2004–2019 : a comprehensive analysis using a probabilistic redistribution approach}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-023-01163-7}},
  volume       = {{81}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}
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