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A distance-to-sustainability-target approach for indicator aggregation and its application for the comparison of wind energy alternatives

Astrid Buchmayr (UGent) , Sue Ellen Taelman (UGent) , Gwenny Thomassen (UGent) , Elsy Verhofstadt (UGent) , Luc Van Ootegem (UGent) and Jo Dewulf (UGent)
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Abstract
Sustainability impact assessments studies combine several indicators to cover environmental, economic and social impacts. These indicators describe different impact pathways and are expressed in different units, which makes comparing alternatives challenging. An aggregated metric is required to facilitate the presentation and communication of sustainability. The presented aggregation framework is based on the distance-to-target method NR-TOPSIS and adapted to a distance-to-sustainability-target approach. A procedure is given for aggregating 12 sustainability indicators into a single score sustainability indicator. Reference points for normalization of diverse impact indicators and weighting factors are investigated. The framework was applied to a wind energy case study comparing one offshore and two onshore alternatives. The case study results were compared using both a dashboard of 12 endpoint indicators and an aggregated sustainability indicator. The indicator was presented on a sustainability scale that indicated the distance of the investigated cases to an ideal (sustainable) solution. A sensitivity analysis of the weighting factors showed that the distribution of weights influenced the ranking of alternatives, especially when the alternatives are positioned close to each other on the sustainability scale, as it is the case for the wind energy scenarios. For most of the weighting scenarios, the onshore wind energy project using permanent magnet synchronous generators appeared to be the most sustainable solution.
Keywords
Sustainability assessment, Multi-criteria decision analysis, Sustainability boundary, Indicator aggregation, Single score, Wind energy

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MLA
Buchmayr, Astrid, et al. “A Distance-to-Sustainability-Target Approach for Indicator Aggregation and Its Application for the Comparison of Wind Energy Alternatives.” RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 185, 2023, doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113608.
APA
Buchmayr, A., Taelman, S. E., Thomassen, G., Verhofstadt, E., Van Ootegem, L., & Dewulf, J. (2023). A distance-to-sustainability-target approach for indicator aggregation and its application for the comparison of wind energy alternatives. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, 185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113608
Chicago author-date
Buchmayr, Astrid, Sue Ellen Taelman, Gwenny Thomassen, Elsy Verhofstadt, Luc Van Ootegem, and Jo Dewulf. 2023. “A Distance-to-Sustainability-Target Approach for Indicator Aggregation and Its Application for the Comparison of Wind Energy Alternatives.” RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113608.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Buchmayr, Astrid, Sue Ellen Taelman, Gwenny Thomassen, Elsy Verhofstadt, Luc Van Ootegem, and Jo Dewulf. 2023. “A Distance-to-Sustainability-Target Approach for Indicator Aggregation and Its Application for the Comparison of Wind Energy Alternatives.” RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 185. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113608.
Vancouver
1.
Buchmayr A, Taelman SE, Thomassen G, Verhofstadt E, Van Ootegem L, Dewulf J. A distance-to-sustainability-target approach for indicator aggregation and its application for the comparison of wind energy alternatives. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS. 2023;185.
IEEE
[1]
A. Buchmayr, S. E. Taelman, G. Thomassen, E. Verhofstadt, L. Van Ootegem, and J. Dewulf, “A distance-to-sustainability-target approach for indicator aggregation and its application for the comparison of wind energy alternatives,” RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 185, 2023.
@article{01H7CHAF7N959T3Q8V8FAVP829,
  abstract     = {{Sustainability impact assessments studies combine several indicators to cover environmental, economic and social impacts. These indicators describe different impact pathways and are expressed in different units, which makes comparing alternatives challenging. An aggregated metric is required to facilitate the presentation and communication of sustainability. The presented aggregation framework is based on the distance-to-target method NR-TOPSIS and adapted to a distance-to-sustainability-target approach. A procedure is given for aggregating 12 sustainability indicators into a single score sustainability indicator. Reference points for normalization of diverse impact indicators and weighting factors are investigated. The framework was applied to a wind energy case study comparing one offshore and two onshore alternatives. The case study results were compared using both a dashboard of 12 endpoint indicators and an aggregated sustainability indicator. The indicator was presented on a sustainability scale that indicated the distance of the investigated cases to an ideal (sustainable) solution. A sensitivity analysis of the weighting factors showed that the distribution of weights
influenced the ranking of alternatives, especially when the alternatives are positioned close to each other on the sustainability scale, as it is the case for the wind energy scenarios. For most of the weighting scenarios, the onshore wind energy project using permanent magnet synchronous generators appeared to be the most sustainable solution.}},
  articleno    = {{113608}},
  author       = {{Buchmayr, Astrid and Taelman, Sue Ellen and Thomassen, Gwenny and Verhofstadt, Elsy and Van Ootegem, Luc and Dewulf, Jo}},
  issn         = {{1364-0321}},
  journal      = {{RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS}},
  keywords     = {{Sustainability assessment,Multi-criteria decision analysis,Sustainability boundary,Indicator aggregation,Single score,Wind energy}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{14}},
  title        = {{A distance-to-sustainability-target approach for indicator aggregation and its application for the comparison of wind energy alternatives}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113608}},
  volume       = {{185}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

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