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Cognitive development as a piece of the language learning puzzle

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Abstract
Why do children learn language more easily than adults do? This puzzle has fascinated cognitive and language scientists for decades. In the present letter, we approach the language learning puzzle from a cognitive perspective that is inspired by evidence from the perceptual and motor learning literature. Neuroscientific studies show that two memory systems in the brain are involved in human learning: an early implicit procedural memory system and a late-developing cognitive or declarative memory system. We argue that higher cognitive development constrains implicit statistical learning processes that are essential for learning patterns and regularities in languages, that is, the adult cognitive architecture has a cost. This is supported by experimental evidence showing that acquisition of implicit linguistic knowledge is enhanced under cognitive depletion in adults. More research is needed to test the cognitive cost hypothesis as it could partly solve the language learning puzzle.
Keywords
Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive Neuroscience, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Language learning, Sensitive age, Competing memory systems, Statistical, learning, Cognitive cost, MEMORY-SYSTEMS, CRITICAL PERIOD, COMPETITION, MECHANISMS

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Citation

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MLA
Smalle, Eleonore, and Riikka Möttönen. “Cognitive Development as a Piece of the Language Learning Puzzle.” COGNITIVE SCIENCE, vol. 47, no. 5, 2023, doi:10.1111/cogs.13296.
APA
Smalle, E., & Möttönen, R. (2023). Cognitive development as a piece of the language learning puzzle. COGNITIVE SCIENCE, 47(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13296
Chicago author-date
Smalle, Eleonore, and Riikka Möttönen. 2023. “Cognitive Development as a Piece of the Language Learning Puzzle.” COGNITIVE SCIENCE 47 (5). https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13296.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Smalle, Eleonore, and Riikka Möttönen. 2023. “Cognitive Development as a Piece of the Language Learning Puzzle.” COGNITIVE SCIENCE 47 (5). doi:10.1111/cogs.13296.
Vancouver
1.
Smalle E, Möttönen R. Cognitive development as a piece of the language learning puzzle. COGNITIVE SCIENCE. 2023;47(5).
IEEE
[1]
E. Smalle and R. Möttönen, “Cognitive development as a piece of the language learning puzzle,” COGNITIVE SCIENCE, vol. 47, no. 5, 2023.
@article{01H2ZSFH715JENERGETZ76X41E,
  abstract     = {{Why do children learn language more easily than adults do? This puzzle has fascinated cognitive and language scientists for decades. In the present letter, we approach the language learning puzzle from a cognitive perspective that is inspired by evidence from the perceptual and motor learning literature. Neuroscientific studies show that two memory systems in the brain are involved in human learning: an early implicit procedural memory system and a late-developing cognitive or declarative memory system. We argue that higher cognitive development constrains implicit statistical learning processes that are essential for learning patterns and regularities in languages, that is, the adult cognitive architecture has a cost. This is supported by experimental evidence showing that acquisition of implicit linguistic knowledge is enhanced under cognitive depletion in adults. More research is needed to test the cognitive cost hypothesis as it could partly solve the language learning puzzle.}},
  articleno    = {{e13296}},
  author       = {{Smalle, Eleonore and Möttönen, Riikka}},
  issn         = {{0364-0213}},
  journal      = {{COGNITIVE SCIENCE}},
  keywords     = {{Artificial Intelligence,Cognitive Neuroscience,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology,Language learning,Sensitive age,Competing memory systems,Statistical,learning,Cognitive cost,MEMORY-SYSTEMS,CRITICAL PERIOD,COMPETITION,MECHANISMS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{5}},
  title        = {{Cognitive development as a piece of the language learning puzzle}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13296}},
  volume       = {{47}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

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