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Microplastics occurrence and fate in full-scale treatment wetlands

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Abstract
Treatment wetlands (TWs) are an efficient technology for removing microplastics (MPs) from wastewater, according to previous studies. This study investigates the dynamics and fate of MPs in two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using TWs, one with horizontal subsurface flow (HF) and another with a floating plant system (FS). Special attention is paid to the retention produced in the sludge and the role of macrophyte roots. The abundance of MPs in the influent to the WWTPs was on average 20.3 ± 0.85 MP/L and 8.4 ± 1.13 MP/L in HF and FS respectively, while the effluent had 0.58 ± 0.07 MP/L and 0.17 ± 0.06 MP/L, thus giving overall efficiencies of 97.42% and 98.13%, respectively. In the HF wetland, sludge samples near the inlet and the outlet were taken, distinguishing between sludge adhered to gravel and sludge attached to roots. In the floating macrophytes, sludge samples from secondary and tertiary treatments were taken. The results indicate that roots play a significant role in MPs retention. In the HF wetland, the complex formed by roots and gravel attached more MPs than gravel alone in the final zone of the wetland. In the FS, roots retained a significant quantity of MPs, both in the secondary and tertiary treatments, thus giving rise to a sludge less concentrated in MPs. This study aims to improve the knowledge of MPs behavior and fate in full-scale TWs, providing valuable information to enhance retention efficiency.
Keywords
Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Water Science and Technology, Ecological Modeling, Environmental Engineering, Civil and Structural Engineering, Polymers, Sludge, Nature-based solutions, Vegetation, Roots, Constructed wetland

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MLA
Cabrera, Darío Calzadilla, et al. “Microplastics Occurrence and Fate in Full-Scale Treatment Wetlands.” WATER RESEARCH, vol. 240, 2023, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120106.
APA
Cabrera, D. C., Wang, Q., Martín, M., Rajadel, N. O., Rousseau, D., & Hernández-Crespo, C. (2023). Microplastics occurrence and fate in full-scale treatment wetlands. WATER RESEARCH, 240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120106
Chicago author-date
Cabrera, Darío Calzadilla, Qintong Wang, Miguel Martín, Nuria Oliver Rajadel, Diederik Rousseau, and Carmen Hernández-Crespo. 2023. “Microplastics Occurrence and Fate in Full-Scale Treatment Wetlands.” WATER RESEARCH 240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120106.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Cabrera, Darío Calzadilla, Qintong Wang, Miguel Martín, Nuria Oliver Rajadel, Diederik Rousseau, and Carmen Hernández-Crespo. 2023. “Microplastics Occurrence and Fate in Full-Scale Treatment Wetlands.” WATER RESEARCH 240. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.120106.
Vancouver
1.
Cabrera DC, Wang Q, Martín M, Rajadel NO, Rousseau D, Hernández-Crespo C. Microplastics occurrence and fate in full-scale treatment wetlands. WATER RESEARCH. 2023;240.
IEEE
[1]
D. C. Cabrera, Q. Wang, M. Martín, N. O. Rajadel, D. Rousseau, and C. Hernández-Crespo, “Microplastics occurrence and fate in full-scale treatment wetlands,” WATER RESEARCH, vol. 240, 2023.
@article{01H1Q11JHEAY6ER0TEQXR8P4WM,
  abstract     = {{Treatment wetlands (TWs) are an efficient technology for removing microplastics (MPs) from wastewater, according to previous studies. This study investigates the dynamics and fate of MPs in two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using TWs, one with horizontal subsurface flow (HF) and another with a floating plant system (FS). Special attention is paid to the retention produced in the sludge and the role of macrophyte roots. The abundance of MPs in the influent to the WWTPs was on average 20.3 ± 0.85 MP/L and 8.4 ± 1.13 MP/L in HF and FS respectively, while the effluent had 0.58 ± 0.07 MP/L and 0.17 ± 0.06 MP/L, thus giving overall efficiencies of 97.42% and 98.13%, respectively. In the HF wetland, sludge samples near the inlet and the outlet were taken, distinguishing between sludge adhered to gravel and sludge attached to roots. In the floating macrophytes, sludge samples from secondary and tertiary treatments were taken. The results indicate that roots play a significant role in MPs retention. In the HF wetland, the complex formed by roots and gravel attached more MPs than gravel alone in the final zone of the wetland. In the FS, roots retained a significant quantity of MPs, both in the secondary and tertiary treatments, thus giving rise to a sludge less concentrated in MPs. This study aims to improve the knowledge of MPs behavior and fate in full-scale TWs, providing valuable information to enhance retention efficiency.}},
  articleno    = {{120106}},
  author       = {{Cabrera, Darío Calzadilla and Wang, Qintong and Martín, Miguel and Rajadel, Nuria Oliver and Rousseau, Diederik and Hernández-Crespo, Carmen}},
  issn         = {{0043-1354}},
  journal      = {{WATER RESEARCH}},
  keywords     = {{Pollution,Waste Management and Disposal,Water Science and Technology,Ecological Modeling,Environmental Engineering,Civil and Structural Engineering,Polymers,Sludge,Nature-based solutions,Vegetation,Roots,Constructed wetland}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{10}},
  title        = {{Microplastics occurrence and fate in full-scale treatment wetlands}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2023.120106}},
  volume       = {{240}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

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