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Impact assessment of electric vehicle charging in an AC and DC microgrid : a comparative study

Rémy Cleenwerck (UGent) , Hakim Azaioud (UGent) , Majid Vafaeipour, Thierry Coosemans and Jan Desmet (UGent)
(2023) ENERGIES. 16(7).
Author
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Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth comparison of the benefits and limitations of using a low-voltage DC (LVDC) microgrid versus an AC microgrid with regard to the integration of low-carbon technologies. To this end, a novel approach for charging electric vehicles (EVs) on low-voltage distribution networks by utilizing an LVDC backbone is discussed. The global aim of the conducted study is to investigate the overall energy losses as well as voltage stability problems on DC and AC microgrids. Both architectures are assessed and compared to each other by performing a power flow analysis. Along this line, an actual low-voltage distribution network with various penetration levels of EVs, combined with photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery energy storage systems is considered. Obtained results indicate significant power quality improvements in voltage imbalances and conversion losses thanks to the proposed backbone. Moreover, the study concludes with a discussion of the impact level of EVs and PVs penetration degrees on energy efficiency, besides charging power levels’ impact on local self-consumption reduction of the studied system. The outcomes of the study can provide extensive insights for hybrid microgrid and EV charging infrastructure designers in a holistic manner in all aspects.
Keywords
Energy (miscellaneous), Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Control and Optimization, Engineering (miscellaneous), Building and Construction, electric vehicles, LVDC backbone, DC microgrid, power quality, converter, efficiency, SIMULATION

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MLA
Cleenwerck, Rémy, et al. “Impact Assessment of Electric Vehicle Charging in an AC and DC Microgrid : A Comparative Study.” ENERGIES, vol. 16, no. 7, 2023, doi:10.3390/en16073205.
APA
Cleenwerck, R., Azaioud, H., Vafaeipour, M., Coosemans, T., & Desmet, J. (2023). Impact assessment of electric vehicle charging in an AC and DC microgrid : a comparative study. ENERGIES, 16(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073205
Chicago author-date
Cleenwerck, Rémy, Hakim Azaioud, Majid Vafaeipour, Thierry Coosemans, and Jan Desmet. 2023. “Impact Assessment of Electric Vehicle Charging in an AC and DC Microgrid : A Comparative Study.” ENERGIES 16 (7). https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073205.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Cleenwerck, Rémy, Hakim Azaioud, Majid Vafaeipour, Thierry Coosemans, and Jan Desmet. 2023. “Impact Assessment of Electric Vehicle Charging in an AC and DC Microgrid : A Comparative Study.” ENERGIES 16 (7). doi:10.3390/en16073205.
Vancouver
1.
Cleenwerck R, Azaioud H, Vafaeipour M, Coosemans T, Desmet J. Impact assessment of electric vehicle charging in an AC and DC microgrid : a comparative study. ENERGIES. 2023;16(7).
IEEE
[1]
R. Cleenwerck, H. Azaioud, M. Vafaeipour, T. Coosemans, and J. Desmet, “Impact assessment of electric vehicle charging in an AC and DC microgrid : a comparative study,” ENERGIES, vol. 16, no. 7, 2023.
@article{01GX5MWNZR664PQ3KYSKPF8Z10,
  abstract     = {{This paper presents an in-depth comparison of the benefits and limitations of using a low-voltage DC (LVDC) microgrid versus an AC microgrid with regard to the integration of low-carbon technologies. To this end, a novel approach for charging electric vehicles (EVs) on low-voltage distribution networks by utilizing an LVDC backbone is discussed. The global aim of the conducted study is to investigate the overall energy losses as well as voltage stability problems on DC and AC microgrids. Both architectures are assessed and compared to each other by performing a power flow analysis. Along this line, an actual low-voltage distribution network with various penetration levels of EVs, combined with photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery energy storage systems is considered. Obtained results indicate significant power quality improvements in voltage imbalances and conversion losses thanks to the proposed backbone. Moreover, the study concludes with a discussion of the impact level of EVs and PVs penetration degrees on energy efficiency, besides charging power levels’ impact on local self-consumption reduction of the studied system. The outcomes of the study can provide extensive insights for hybrid microgrid and EV charging infrastructure designers in a holistic manner in all aspects.}},
  articleno    = {{3205}},
  author       = {{Cleenwerck, Rémy and Azaioud, Hakim and Vafaeipour, Majid and Coosemans, Thierry and Desmet, Jan}},
  issn         = {{1996-1073}},
  journal      = {{ENERGIES}},
  keywords     = {{Energy (miscellaneous),Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Control and Optimization,Engineering (miscellaneous),Building and Construction,electric vehicles,LVDC backbone,DC microgrid,power quality,converter,efficiency,SIMULATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{17}},
  title        = {{Impact assessment of electric vehicle charging in an AC and DC microgrid : a comparative study}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/en16073205}},
  volume       = {{16}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}
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