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Rare sugar metabolism and impact on insulin sensitivity along the gut-liver-muscle axis in vitro

Amar Daniël Emanuel Van Laar, Charlotte Grootaert (UGent) , Andreja Rajkovic (UGent) , Tom Desmet (UGent) , Koen Beerens (UGent) and John Van Camp (UGent)
(2023) NUTRIENTS. 15(7).
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Abstract
Rare sugars have recently attracted attention as potential sugar replacers. Understanding the biochemical and biological behavior of these sugars is of importance in (novel) food formulations and prevention of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether rare sugars may positively affect intestinal and liver metabolism, as well as muscle insulin sensitivity, compared to conventional sugars. Rare disaccharide digestibility, hepatic metabolism of monosaccharides (respirometry) and the effects of sugars on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (impaired glucose uptake) were investigated in, respectively, Caco-2, HepG2 and L6 cells or a triple coculture model with these cells. Glucose and fructose, but not l-arabinose, acutely increased extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) responses in HepG2 cells and impaired glucose uptake in L6 cells following a 24 h exposure at 28 mM. Cellular bioenergetics and digestion experiments with Caco-2 cells indicate that especially trehalose (α1-1α), D-Glc-α1,2-D-Gal, D-Glc-α1,2-D-Rib and D-Glc-α1,3-L-Ara experience delayed digestion and reduced cellular impact compared to maltose (α1-4), without differences on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in a short-term setup with a Caco-2/HepG2/L6 triple coculture. These results suggest a potential for l-arabinose and specific rare disaccharides to improve metabolic health; however, additional in vivo research with longer sugar exposures should confirm their beneficial impact on insulin sensitivity in humans.
Keywords
cell research, bioenergetics, skeletal muscle, diabetes, rare sugars

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Citation

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MLA
Van Laar, Amar Daniël Emanuel, et al. “Rare Sugar Metabolism and Impact on Insulin Sensitivity along the Gut-Liver-Muscle Axis in Vitro.” NUTRIENTS, vol. 15, no. 7, 2023, doi:10.3390/nu15071593.
APA
Van Laar, A. D. E., Grootaert, C., Rajkovic, A., Desmet, T., Beerens, K., & Van Camp, J. (2023). Rare sugar metabolism and impact on insulin sensitivity along the gut-liver-muscle axis in vitro. NUTRIENTS, 15(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071593
Chicago author-date
Van Laar, Amar Daniël Emanuel, Charlotte Grootaert, Andreja Rajkovic, Tom Desmet, Koen Beerens, and John Van Camp. 2023. “Rare Sugar Metabolism and Impact on Insulin Sensitivity along the Gut-Liver-Muscle Axis in Vitro.” NUTRIENTS 15 (7). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071593.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Van Laar, Amar Daniël Emanuel, Charlotte Grootaert, Andreja Rajkovic, Tom Desmet, Koen Beerens, and John Van Camp. 2023. “Rare Sugar Metabolism and Impact on Insulin Sensitivity along the Gut-Liver-Muscle Axis in Vitro.” NUTRIENTS 15 (7). doi:10.3390/nu15071593.
Vancouver
1.
Van Laar ADE, Grootaert C, Rajkovic A, Desmet T, Beerens K, Van Camp J. Rare sugar metabolism and impact on insulin sensitivity along the gut-liver-muscle axis in vitro. NUTRIENTS. 2023;15(7).
IEEE
[1]
A. D. E. Van Laar, C. Grootaert, A. Rajkovic, T. Desmet, K. Beerens, and J. Van Camp, “Rare sugar metabolism and impact on insulin sensitivity along the gut-liver-muscle axis in vitro,” NUTRIENTS, vol. 15, no. 7, 2023.
@article{01GWHDNYB6NF40EC1EMQ18GN3V,
  abstract     = {{ Rare sugars have recently attracted attention as potential sugar replacers. Understanding the biochemical and biological behavior of these sugars is of importance in (novel) food formulations and prevention of type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated whether rare sugars may positively affect intestinal and liver metabolism, as well as muscle insulin sensitivity, compared to conventional sugars. Rare disaccharide digestibility, hepatic metabolism of monosaccharides (respirometry) and the effects of sugars on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (impaired glucose uptake) were investigated in, respectively, Caco-2, HepG2 and L6 cells or a triple coculture model with these cells. Glucose and fructose, but not l-arabinose, acutely increased extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) responses in HepG2 cells and impaired glucose uptake in L6 cells following a 24 h exposure at 28 mM. Cellular bioenergetics and digestion experiments with Caco-2 cells indicate that especially trehalose (α1-1α), D-Glc-α1,2-D-Gal, D-Glc-α1,2-D-Rib and D-Glc-α1,3-L-Ara experience delayed digestion and reduced cellular impact compared to maltose (α1-4), without differences on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in a short-term setup with a Caco-2/HepG2/L6 triple coculture. These results suggest a potential for l-arabinose and specific rare disaccharides to improve metabolic health; however, additional in vivo research with longer sugar exposures should confirm their beneficial impact on insulin sensitivity in humans.}},
  articleno    = {{1593}},
  author       = {{Van Laar, Amar Daniël Emanuel and Grootaert, Charlotte and Rajkovic, Andreja and Desmet, Tom and Beerens, Koen and Van Camp, John}},
  issn         = {{2072-6643}},
  journal      = {{NUTRIENTS}},
  keywords     = {{cell research,bioenergetics,skeletal muscle,diabetes,rare sugars}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{7}},
  pages        = {{23}},
  title        = {{Rare sugar metabolism and impact on insulin sensitivity along the gut-liver-muscle axis in vitro}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071593}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}
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