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Removal of nanoparticles (both inorganic nanoparticles and nanoplastics) in drinking water treatment - coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation, and sand/granular activated carbon filtration

C. H. M. Hofman-Caris, P. S. Bauerlein, W. G. Siegers, S. M. Mintenig, R. Messina, S. C. Dekker, Ch Bertelkamp, Emile Cornelissen (UGent) and A. P. van Wezel
(2022) ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY. 8(8). p.1675-1686
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Abstract
Nanoparticles, such as metallic ones like Ag, Au and TiO2 as well as nanoplastics, are applied in or emitted by a wide variety of products or stem from degradation. Consequently, they end up in surface water, which is used as a source for drinking water production. This study investigated the removal of such nanoparticles by conventional water treatment processes Coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation (CFS), rapid sand filtration (RSF) and filtration over granular activated carbon (GAC) in different water matrices. In principle these processes appeared to remove the majority of nanoparticles. Lab-scale batch experiments confirmed that CSF may also be effective. In this study Au and Ag nanoparticles with a negative surface charge were used, as well as nanoplastics varying in size (50 and 200 nm) and surface charge (neutral and negative). It was found that the presence of negatively charged NOM has an adverse effect on inorganic nanoparticle removal, whereas the presence of cations like Ca2+ and Mg2+ is essential for good removal. In column experiments it was shown that the mechanism of nanoparticle removal by sand filtration differs from that by GAC filtration. A comparison of demineralized water and natural water showed that in sand filters the water matrix and the presence of biomass on the particles have a positive effect on the removal rate, whereas for GAC filters they have a distinct negative effect. Furthermore, larger nanoplastics (200 nm) were most efficiently removed by CFS, whereas smaller nanoplastics (50 nm) were removed better by GAC filtration. For smaller nanoparticles charge interactions play a more important role than for larger nanoparticles.
Keywords
SILVER NANOPARTICLES, ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS, TIO2 NANOPARTICLES, NC(60) FULLERENE, ORGANIC-MATTER, TRANSPORT, FATE, SIZE, PH

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MLA
Hofman-Caris, C. H. M., et al. “Removal of Nanoparticles (Both Inorganic Nanoparticles and Nanoplastics) in Drinking Water Treatment - Coagulation/Flocculation/Sedimentation, and Sand/Granular Activated Carbon Filtration.” ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY, vol. 8, no. 8, 2022, pp. 1675–86, doi:10.1039/d2ew00226d.
APA
Hofman-Caris, C. H. M., Bauerlein, P. S., Siegers, W. G., Mintenig, S. M., Messina, R., Dekker, S. C., … van Wezel, A. P. (2022). Removal of nanoparticles (both inorganic nanoparticles and nanoplastics) in drinking water treatment - coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation, and sand/granular activated carbon filtration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY, 8(8), 1675–1686. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ew00226d
Chicago author-date
Hofman-Caris, C. H. M., P. S. Bauerlein, W. G. Siegers, S. M. Mintenig, R. Messina, S. C. Dekker, Ch Bertelkamp, Emile Cornelissen, and A. P. van Wezel. 2022. “Removal of Nanoparticles (Both Inorganic Nanoparticles and Nanoplastics) in Drinking Water Treatment - Coagulation/Flocculation/Sedimentation, and Sand/Granular Activated Carbon Filtration.” ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY 8 (8): 1675–86. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ew00226d.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Hofman-Caris, C. H. M., P. S. Bauerlein, W. G. Siegers, S. M. Mintenig, R. Messina, S. C. Dekker, Ch Bertelkamp, Emile Cornelissen, and A. P. van Wezel. 2022. “Removal of Nanoparticles (Both Inorganic Nanoparticles and Nanoplastics) in Drinking Water Treatment - Coagulation/Flocculation/Sedimentation, and Sand/Granular Activated Carbon Filtration.” ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY 8 (8): 1675–1686. doi:10.1039/d2ew00226d.
Vancouver
1.
Hofman-Caris CHM, Bauerlein PS, Siegers WG, Mintenig SM, Messina R, Dekker SC, et al. Removal of nanoparticles (both inorganic nanoparticles and nanoplastics) in drinking water treatment - coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation, and sand/granular activated carbon filtration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY. 2022;8(8):1675–86.
IEEE
[1]
C. H. M. Hofman-Caris et al., “Removal of nanoparticles (both inorganic nanoparticles and nanoplastics) in drinking water treatment - coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation, and sand/granular activated carbon filtration,” ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1675–1686, 2022.
@article{01GW788FKKWJMGDVM1FVRRZYDN,
  abstract     = {{Nanoparticles, such as metallic ones like Ag, Au and TiO2 as well as nanoplastics, are applied in or emitted by a wide variety of products or stem from degradation. Consequently, they end up in surface water, which is used as a source for drinking water production. This study investigated the removal of such nanoparticles by conventional water treatment processes Coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation (CFS), rapid sand filtration (RSF) and filtration over granular activated carbon (GAC) in different water matrices. In principle these processes appeared to remove the majority of nanoparticles. Lab-scale batch experiments confirmed that CSF may also be effective. In this study Au and Ag nanoparticles with a negative surface charge were used, as well as nanoplastics varying in size (50 and 200 nm) and surface charge (neutral and negative). It was found that the presence of negatively charged NOM has an adverse effect on inorganic nanoparticle removal, whereas the presence of cations like Ca2+ and Mg2+ is essential for good removal. In column experiments it was shown that the mechanism of nanoparticle removal by sand filtration differs from that by GAC filtration. A comparison of demineralized water and natural water showed that in sand filters the water matrix and the presence of biomass on the particles have a positive effect on the removal rate, whereas for GAC filters they have a distinct negative effect. Furthermore, larger nanoplastics (200 nm) were most efficiently removed by CFS, whereas smaller nanoplastics (50 nm) were removed better by GAC filtration. For smaller nanoparticles charge interactions play a more important role than for larger nanoparticles.}},
  author       = {{Hofman-Caris, C. H. M. and  Bauerlein, P. S. and  Siegers, W. G. and  Mintenig, S. M. and  Messina, R. and  Dekker, S. C. and  Bertelkamp, Ch and Cornelissen, Emile and  van Wezel, A. P.}},
  issn         = {{2053-1400}},
  journal      = {{ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{SILVER NANOPARTICLES,ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS,TIO2 NANOPARTICLES,NC(60) FULLERENE,ORGANIC-MATTER,TRANSPORT,FATE,SIZE,PH}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{1675--1686}},
  title        = {{Removal of nanoparticles (both inorganic nanoparticles and nanoplastics) in drinking water treatment - coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation, and sand/granular activated carbon filtration}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1039/d2ew00226d}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}
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