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Pore-forming proteins as drivers of membrane permeabilization in cell death pathways

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Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) relies on activation and recruitment of pore-forming proteins (PFPs) that function as executioners of specific cell death pathways: apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX), BCL-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK) and BCL-2-related ovarian killer protein (BOK) for apoptosis, gasdermins (GSDMs) for pyroptosis and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) for necroptosis. Inactive precursors of PFPs are converted into pore-forming entities through activation, membrane recruitment, membrane insertion and oligomerization. These mechanisms involve protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions, proteolytic processing and phosphorylation. In this Review, we discuss the structural rearrangements incurred by RCD-related PFPs and describe the mechanisms that manifest conversion from autoinhibited to membrane-embedded molecular states. We further discuss the formation and maturation of membrane pores formed by BAX/BAK/BOK, GSDMs and MLKL, leading to diverse pore architectures. Lastly, we highlight commonalities and differences of PFP mechanisms involving BAX/BAK/BOK, GSDMs and MLKL and conclude with a discussion on how, in a population of challenged cells, the coexistence of cell death modalities may have profound physiological and pathophysiological implications.
Keywords
MIXED LINEAGE KINASE, GASDERMIN D, MEDIATES NECROPTOSIS, APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY, PROAPOPTOTIC BAX, BH3 DOMAIN, MLKL, ACTIVATION, FAMILY, MITOCHONDRIA

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Citation

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MLA
Vandenabeele, Peter, et al. “Pore-Forming Proteins as Drivers of Membrane Permeabilization in Cell Death Pathways.” NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY, vol. 24, no. 5, 2023, pp. 312–33, doi:10.1038/s41580-022-00564-w.
APA
Vandenabeele, P., Bultynck, G., & Savvides, S. (2023). Pore-forming proteins as drivers of membrane permeabilization in cell death pathways. NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY, 24(5), 312–333. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-022-00564-w
Chicago author-date
Vandenabeele, Peter, Geert Bultynck, and Savvas Savvides. 2023. “Pore-Forming Proteins as Drivers of Membrane Permeabilization in Cell Death Pathways.” NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY 24 (5): 312–33. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-022-00564-w.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Vandenabeele, Peter, Geert Bultynck, and Savvas Savvides. 2023. “Pore-Forming Proteins as Drivers of Membrane Permeabilization in Cell Death Pathways.” NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY 24 (5): 312–333. doi:10.1038/s41580-022-00564-w.
Vancouver
1.
Vandenabeele P, Bultynck G, Savvides S. Pore-forming proteins as drivers of membrane permeabilization in cell death pathways. NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY. 2023;24(5):312–33.
IEEE
[1]
P. Vandenabeele, G. Bultynck, and S. Savvides, “Pore-forming proteins as drivers of membrane permeabilization in cell death pathways,” NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 312–333, 2023.
@article{01GTKY2WYTPQHH59VBV4GBMBHW,
  abstract     = {{Regulated cell death (RCD) relies on activation and recruitment of pore-forming proteins (PFPs) that function as executioners of specific cell death pathways: apoptosis regulator BAX (BAX), BCL-2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK) and BCL-2-related ovarian killer protein (BOK) for apoptosis, gasdermins (GSDMs) for pyroptosis and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) for necroptosis. Inactive precursors of PFPs are converted into pore-forming entities through activation, membrane recruitment, membrane insertion and oligomerization. These mechanisms involve protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions, proteolytic processing and phosphorylation. In this Review, we discuss the structural rearrangements incurred by RCD-related PFPs and describe the mechanisms that manifest conversion from autoinhibited to membrane-embedded molecular states. We further discuss the formation and maturation of membrane pores formed by BAX/BAK/BOK, GSDMs and MLKL, leading to diverse pore architectures. Lastly, we highlight commonalities and differences of PFP mechanisms involving BAX/BAK/BOK, GSDMs and MLKL and conclude with a discussion on how, in a population of challenged cells, the coexistence of cell death modalities may have profound physiological and pathophysiological implications.}},
  author       = {{Vandenabeele, Peter and Bultynck, Geert and Savvides, Savvas}},
  issn         = {{1471-0072}},
  journal      = {{NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{MIXED LINEAGE KINASE,GASDERMIN D,MEDIATES NECROPTOSIS,APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY,PROAPOPTOTIC BAX,BH3 DOMAIN,MLKL,ACTIVATION,FAMILY,MITOCHONDRIA}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{312--333}},
  title        = {{Pore-forming proteins as drivers of membrane permeabilization in cell death pathways}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-022-00564-w}},
  volume       = {{24}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

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