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Executive functions and psycho-behavioural skills in artistic gymnasts : age, developmental stage and sex-related differences

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Abstract
During the talent development (TD) process in sport, cognitive and psycho-behavioural skills are necessary to successfully overcome TD-specific challenges. This cross-sectional study explored executive functions (EF) and psycho-behavioural skills (PCDE), in male and female high-level artistic gymnasts between 9 and 26 years old. The first objective was to investigate if an ideal profile would emerge for these gymnasts. In the youngest age group (9–12yo), a general improvement with age for EF was observed, and gymnasts scored higher on imagery use than the quasi-control group. The older age group showed that gymnasts had significantly higher scores on inhibition, imagery use and self-directed control and management than the quasi-control group. The second objective was to conduct a person-centred approach, investigating the individual profiles of a selected group of four high-level gymnasts. The radar charts revealed a relatively similar profile in all four gymnasts and the quasi-control group for the EF components, while there was a pronounced within group and between groups variation for the PCDE profiles. This study showed that inhibition, imagery use and self-directed control and management could be potential performance indicators in gymnastics. The radar charts support the idea that, once an athlete scores above a specific threshold on all variables, there is no necessity for trying to maximise each and every of these skills but rather, it might be better to leave room for individual profile variation. Since individually different profiles were indeed observed, we recommend an athlete-centred approach in all TD phases from a young age onwards.
Keywords
Applied Psychology, Social Psychology, sport, psychometric assessment, athlete-centred approach, athlete development, Talent development

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MLA
Laureys, Felien, et al. “Executive Functions and Psycho-Behavioural Skills in Artistic Gymnasts : Age, Developmental Stage and Sex-Related Differences.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY, Informa UK Limited, 2024, doi:10.1080/1612197x.2023.2180069.
APA
Laureys, F., Collins, D., Deconinck, F., & Lenoir, M. (2024). Executive functions and psycho-behavioural skills in artistic gymnasts : age, developmental stage and sex-related differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197x.2023.2180069
Chicago author-date
Laureys, Felien, Dave Collins, Frederik Deconinck, and Matthieu Lenoir. 2024. “Executive Functions and Psycho-Behavioural Skills in Artistic Gymnasts : Age, Developmental Stage and Sex-Related Differences.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197x.2023.2180069.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Laureys, Felien, Dave Collins, Frederik Deconinck, and Matthieu Lenoir. 2024. “Executive Functions and Psycho-Behavioural Skills in Artistic Gymnasts : Age, Developmental Stage and Sex-Related Differences.” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY. doi:10.1080/1612197x.2023.2180069.
Vancouver
1.
Laureys F, Collins D, Deconinck F, Lenoir M. Executive functions and psycho-behavioural skills in artistic gymnasts : age, developmental stage and sex-related differences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY. 2024;
IEEE
[1]
F. Laureys, D. Collins, F. Deconinck, and M. Lenoir, “Executive functions and psycho-behavioural skills in artistic gymnasts : age, developmental stage and sex-related differences,” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY, 2024.
@article{01GTKNTQHD5BNDZ92CBXPXA20Z,
  abstract     = {{During the talent development (TD) process in sport, cognitive and psycho-behavioural skills are necessary to successfully overcome TD-specific challenges. This cross-sectional study explored executive functions (EF) and psycho-behavioural skills (PCDE), in male and female high-level artistic gymnasts between 9 and 26 years old. The first objective was to investigate if an ideal profile would emerge for these gymnasts. In the youngest age group (9–12yo), a general improvement with age for EF was observed, and gymnasts scored higher on imagery use than the quasi-control group. The older age group showed that gymnasts had significantly higher scores on inhibition, imagery use and self-directed control and management than the quasi-control group. The second objective was to conduct a person-centred approach, investigating the individual profiles of a selected group of four high-level gymnasts. The radar charts revealed a relatively similar profile in all four gymnasts and the quasi-control group for the EF components, while there was a pronounced within group and between groups variation for the PCDE profiles. This study showed that inhibition, imagery use and self-directed control and management could be potential performance indicators in gymnastics. The radar charts support the idea that, once an athlete scores above a specific threshold on all variables, there is no necessity for trying to maximise each and every of these skills but rather, it might be better to leave room for individual profile variation. Since individually different profiles were indeed observed, we recommend an athlete-centred approach in all TD phases from a young age onwards.}},
  author       = {{Laureys, Felien and Collins, Dave and Deconinck, Frederik and Lenoir, Matthieu}},
  issn         = {{1612-197X}},
  journal      = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Applied Psychology,Social Psychology,sport,psychometric assessment,athlete-centred approach,athlete development,Talent development}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{22}},
  publisher    = {{Informa UK Limited}},
  title        = {{Executive functions and psycho-behavioural skills in artistic gymnasts : age, developmental stage and sex-related differences}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1080/1612197x.2023.2180069}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

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