@article{01GTETAD8E7MY92NVY3CK0TY9D,
  abstract     = {{Background: Whiplash injuries typically occur from a motor vehicle collision and lead to chronic whiplash-associated disorders (CWAD) in 20% to 50% of cases. Changes in neurotransmission, metabolism, and networks seem to play a role in the pathogenic mechanism of CWAD.

Objectives: To further elucidate the functional brain alterations, a neurophysiological study was performed to investigate the somatosensory processing of CWAD patients by comparing the event-related potentials (ERPs) resulting from electrical nociceptive stimulation between patients suffering from CWAD and healthy controls (HC).

Study Design: Case-control study.

Setting: University Hospital in Ghent.

Methods: In this case-control study (CWAD patients/HC: 50/50), ankle and wrist electrical pain thresholds (EPT), and amplitude and latency of the event-related potentials (ERPs) resulting from 20 electrical stimuli were investigated. Correlations between the ERP characteristics, EPT, self-reported pain, disability, pain catastrophizing, and self-reported symptoms of central sensitization were investigated.

Results: Only the latency of the P3 component after left wrist stimulation (t = -2.283; P = 0.023) differed between both groups. In CWAD patients, the ankle EPT correlated with the amplitude of the corresponding P1 (rho s = 0.293; P = 0.044) and P3 (rho s = 0.306; P = 0.033), as well as with the amplitude of the P3 to left wrist stimulation (rho s = 0.343; P = 0.017). Self-reported symptoms of CS correlated with right wrist P3 amplitude (rho s = 0.308; P = 0.030) and latency (rho s = -0.341; P = 0.015), and the worst pain reported during the past week was correlated with left wrist P1 latency (rho s = 0.319; P = 0.029).

Limitations: Although the inclusion criteria stated that CWAD patients had to report a moderate-to-severe pain-related disability, 8 of the included CWAD patients (that scored above this threshold in the inclusion questionnaire), scored below the required cutoff at baseline.

Conclusions: The CWAD patients did not show signs of hypersensitivity, but their ERP characteristics were related to the intensity of the applied stimulus, self-reported symptoms of CS, and the worst pain reported during the past week.}},
  author       = {{Lenoir, Dorine and Willaert, Ward and  Ickmans, Kelly and  Nijs, Jo and Cagnie, Barbara and Meeus, Mira and Vonck, Kristl and Delbeke, Jean and De Pauw, Robby and Coppieters, Iris}},
  issn         = {{1533-3159}},
  journal      = {{PAIN PHYSICIAN}},
  keywords     = {{Chronic whiplash-associated disorders,electro-encephalography,nociceptive stimulation,event-related potentials,CENTRAL SENSITIZATION INVENTORY,LASER-EVOKED POTENTIALS,NECK-DISABILITY-INDEX,LOW-BACK-PAIN,NOCICEPTIVE WITHDRAWAL REFLEX,CENTRAL SENSITIVITY SYNDROMES,RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL,CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME,SENSORY HYPERSENSITIVITY,CATASTROPHIZING SCALE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{E435--E448}},
  title        = {{Event-related potentials following cutaneous electrical stimulation in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders}},
  url          = {{https://www.painphysicianjournal.com/current/abstracts?article=NzQ3Mg%3D%3D&journal=143}},
  volume       = {{25}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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