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Unveiling the potential of innovative gold(I) and silver(I) selenourea complexes as anticancer agents targeting TrxR and cellular redox homeostasis

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Abstract
A series of NHC-based selenourea Ag(I) and Au(I) complexes were evaluated for their anticancer potential in vitro, on 2D and 3D human cancer cell systems. All NHC-based selenourea complexes possess an outstanding cytotoxic potency, which was comparable or even better than that of the reference metallodrug auranofin, and were also able to overcome both platinum-based and multi-drug resistances. Intriguingly, their cytotoxic potency did not correlate with solution stability, partition coefficient or cellular uptake. On the other hand, mechanistic studies in cancer cells revealed their ability to strongly and selectively inhibit the redox-regulating enzyme Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR), being even more effective than auranofin, a well-known TrxR inhibitor, without affecting other redox enzymes such as Glutathione Reductase (GR). The inhibition of TrxR in H157 human cancer cells caused, in turn, the disruption of cellular thiol-redox homeostasis and of mitochondria pathophysiology, ultimately leading to cancer cell death through apoptosis.
Keywords
HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE COMPLEXES, THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASES, IN-VITRO, SELENOPROTEINS, CYTOTOXICITY, INHIBITION, cytotoxicity, gold(I) complexes, silver(I) complexes, TrxR inhibition

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MLA
De Franco, Michele, et al. “Unveiling the Potential of Innovative Gold(I) and Silver(I) Selenourea Complexes as Anticancer Agents Targeting TrxR and Cellular Redox Homeostasis.” CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, vol. 28, no. 70, 2022, doi:10.1002/chem.202201898.
APA
De Franco, M., Saab, M., Porchia, M., Marzano, C., Nolan, S., Nahra, F., … Gandin, V. (2022). Unveiling the potential of innovative gold(I) and silver(I) selenourea complexes as anticancer agents targeting TrxR and cellular redox homeostasis. CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, 28(70). https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202201898
Chicago author-date
De Franco, Michele, Marina Saab, Marina Porchia, Cristina Marzano, Steven Nolan, Fady Nahra, Kristof Van Hecke, and Valentina Gandin. 2022. “Unveiling the Potential of Innovative Gold(I) and Silver(I) Selenourea Complexes as Anticancer Agents Targeting TrxR and Cellular Redox Homeostasis.” CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL 28 (70). https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202201898.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
De Franco, Michele, Marina Saab, Marina Porchia, Cristina Marzano, Steven Nolan, Fady Nahra, Kristof Van Hecke, and Valentina Gandin. 2022. “Unveiling the Potential of Innovative Gold(I) and Silver(I) Selenourea Complexes as Anticancer Agents Targeting TrxR and Cellular Redox Homeostasis.” CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL 28 (70). doi:10.1002/chem.202201898.
Vancouver
1.
De Franco M, Saab M, Porchia M, Marzano C, Nolan S, Nahra F, et al. Unveiling the potential of innovative gold(I) and silver(I) selenourea complexes as anticancer agents targeting TrxR and cellular redox homeostasis. CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL. 2022;28(70).
IEEE
[1]
M. De Franco et al., “Unveiling the potential of innovative gold(I) and silver(I) selenourea complexes as anticancer agents targeting TrxR and cellular redox homeostasis,” CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, vol. 28, no. 70, 2022.
@article{01GT91FPK5GK87H0P4H1X4AMG3,
  abstract     = {{A series of NHC-based selenourea Ag(I) and Au(I) complexes were evaluated for their anticancer potential in vitro, on 2D and 3D human cancer cell systems. All NHC-based selenourea complexes possess an outstanding cytotoxic potency, which was comparable or even better than that of the reference metallodrug auranofin, and were also able to overcome both platinum-based and multi-drug resistances. Intriguingly, their cytotoxic potency did not correlate with solution stability, partition coefficient or cellular uptake. On the other hand, mechanistic studies in cancer cells revealed their ability to strongly and selectively inhibit the redox-regulating enzyme Thioredoxin Reductase (TrxR), being even more effective than auranofin, a well-known TrxR inhibitor, without affecting other redox enzymes such as Glutathione Reductase (GR). The inhibition of TrxR in H157 human cancer cells caused, in turn, the disruption of cellular thiol-redox homeostasis and of mitochondria pathophysiology, ultimately leading to cancer cell death through apoptosis.}},
  articleno    = {{e202201898}},
  author       = {{De Franco, Michele and Saab, Marina and  Porchia, Marina and  Marzano, Cristina and Nolan, Steven and Nahra, Fady and Van Hecke, Kristof and  Gandin, Valentina}},
  issn         = {{0947-6539}},
  journal      = {{CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL}},
  keywords     = {{HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE COMPLEXES,THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASES,IN-VITRO,SELENOPROTEINS,CYTOTOXICITY,INHIBITION,cytotoxicity,gold(I) complexes,silver(I) complexes,TrxR inhibition}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{70}},
  pages        = {{12}},
  title        = {{Unveiling the potential of innovative gold(I) and silver(I) selenourea complexes as anticancer agents targeting TrxR and cellular redox homeostasis}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202201898}},
  volume       = {{28}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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