@article{01GT1AV9TWEYN6D00D3HZDA410,
  abstract     = {{Antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes can enter the environment via fertilization with calf and pig manure. In a longitudinal study, nine antibiotic resistance genes (tet(B), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), tet(W), erm(B), erm(F) and sul2) and 56 antibiotic residues were investigated in 288 soil samples and 8 corresponding slurry samples from 6 pig farms and 2 veal farms using qPCR and LC-MS/MS, respectively. A significant increase in gene copy number of tet(M), erm(B), erm(F) and sul2 was observed in all the soil layers between sampling times prior to (T1) and 2-3 weeks after fertilization (T3). Tet(B), tet(Q) and tet(L) were least abundant in the soil among the genes tested. From 7 classes of antibiotics, 20 residues were detected in soil and slurry using an optimized and validated extraction method. Flumequine was detected in all soil samples in concentrations below 100 mu g/kg despite being detected in only half of the corresponding slurry samples. Doxycycline, oxytetracycline, lincomycin and sulfadiazine were also frequently detected in concentrations ranging from 0.1 mu g/kg to 500 mu g/kg and from 2 mu g/kg and 9480 mu g/kg in soil and slurry, respectively. Furthermore a positive association between the presence of antibiotic residues (total antibiotic load) and antibiotic resistance genes in soil was found. One possible explanation for this is a simultaneous introduction of antibiotic residues and resistance genes upon application of animal slurry.}},
  articleno    = {{153518}},
  author       = {{Huygens, Judith and Rasschaert, Geertrui and Heyndrickx, Marc and Dewulf, Jeroen and  Van Coillie, Els and  Quataert, Paul and  Daeseleire, Els and  Becue, Ilse}},
  issn         = {{0048-9697}},
  journal      = {{SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT}},
  keywords     = {{Antibiotic residues,Antibiotic resistance genes,Soil,Slurry,Fertilization,Environment,ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE,MANURE,ABUNDANCE,PERSISTENCE,LIVESTOCK,LEVEL,SWINE,FATE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{12}},
  title        = {{Impact of fertilization with pig or calf slurry on antibiotic residues and resistance genes in the soil}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153518}},
  volume       = {{822}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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