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The effects of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes : a meta-analysis

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Abstract
Chewing khat during pregnancy adversely afects maternal and fetal health, but available studies are scarce and inconsistent, and it is difcult to conclude the relationship between khat consumption and perinatal outcomes. We aimed to investigate the available studies on the efect of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes. For this meta-analysis, we conducted a thorough search of articles published in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to the date this search was undertaken (03.01.2022). We used random efect model with the Mantel–Haenszel method to calculate the pooled odds ratio and mean diference. We found that khat use during pregnancy was signifcantly associated with increased odds of low birth weight (OR:2.51; 95% CI: 1.60 to 3.94), congenital anomalies (OR:3.17; 95% CI: 1.30 to 7.73), premature rupture of membrane (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.59 to 2.50), perinatal mortality (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.26 to 3.03), and lower APGAR scores at the ffth minute (MD: −1.7; 95% CI: −2.32 to −1.07). Also, increased odds for developing maternal psychological stress and anemia were reported in women using khat during pregnancy. There were no statistically signifcant diferences in stillbirth and preterm birth between women using khat during pregnancy and their counterparts. Since prenatal khat use is associated with adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes, we strongly recommend equitable and easily accessible health services through the implementation of integrated addiction treatment with maternity services to address khat use during pregnancy and encourage the practice of healthy behavior of women.
Keywords
Psychiatry and Mental health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal outcomes, Maternal health, Pregnancy

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Citation

Please use this url to cite or link to this publication:

MLA
Abyu, Yimenu Yitayih, et al. “The Effects of Khat Use during Pregnancy on Perinatal and Maternal Outcomes : A Meta-Analysis.” ARCHIVES OF WOMENS MENTAL HEALTH, vol. 26, no. 1, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2023, pp. 11–27, doi:10.1007/s00737-023-01293-5.
APA
Abyu, Y. Y., Vanderplasschen, W., Vandewalle, S., Van Damme, R., & Lemmens, G. (2023). The effects of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes : a meta-analysis. ARCHIVES OF WOMENS MENTAL HEALTH, 26(1), 11–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-023-01293-5
Chicago author-date
Abyu, Yimenu Yitayih, Wouter Vanderplasschen, Sarah Vandewalle, Rita Van Damme, and Gilbert Lemmens. 2023. “The Effects of Khat Use during Pregnancy on Perinatal and Maternal Outcomes : A Meta-Analysis.” ARCHIVES OF WOMENS MENTAL HEALTH 26 (1): 11–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-023-01293-5.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Abyu, Yimenu Yitayih, Wouter Vanderplasschen, Sarah Vandewalle, Rita Van Damme, and Gilbert Lemmens. 2023. “The Effects of Khat Use during Pregnancy on Perinatal and Maternal Outcomes : A Meta-Analysis.” ARCHIVES OF WOMENS MENTAL HEALTH 26 (1): 11–27. doi:10.1007/s00737-023-01293-5.
Vancouver
1.
Abyu YY, Vanderplasschen W, Vandewalle S, Van Damme R, Lemmens G. The effects of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes : a meta-analysis. ARCHIVES OF WOMENS MENTAL HEALTH. 2023;26(1):11–27.
IEEE
[1]
Y. Y. Abyu, W. Vanderplasschen, S. Vandewalle, R. Van Damme, and G. Lemmens, “The effects of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes : a meta-analysis,” ARCHIVES OF WOMENS MENTAL HEALTH, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 11–27, 2023.
@article{01GSDH896EZMZ7XE4W43AFYSAM,
  abstract     = {{Chewing khat during pregnancy adversely afects maternal and fetal health, but available studies are scarce and inconsistent, and it is difcult to conclude the relationship between khat consumption and perinatal outcomes. We aimed to investigate the available studies on the efect of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes. For this meta-analysis, we conducted a thorough search of articles published in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science up to the date this 
search was undertaken (03.01.2022). We used random efect model with the Mantel–Haenszel method to calculate the pooled odds ratio and mean diference. We found that khat use during pregnancy was signifcantly associated with increased odds of low birth weight (OR:2.51; 95% CI: 1.60 to 3.94), congenital anomalies (OR:3.17; 95% CI: 1.30 to 7.73), premature rupture of membrane (OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.59 to 2.50), perinatal mortality (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.26 to 3.03), and lower APGAR scores at the ffth minute (MD: −1.7; 95% CI: −2.32 to −1.07). Also, increased odds for developing maternal psychological 
stress and anemia were reported in women using khat during pregnancy. There were no statistically signifcant diferences in stillbirth and preterm birth between women using khat during pregnancy and their counterparts. Since prenatal khat use is associated with adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes, we strongly recommend equitable and easily accessible health services through the implementation of integrated addiction treatment with maternity services to address khat use during pregnancy and encourage the practice of healthy behavior of women.}},
  author       = {{Abyu, Yimenu Yitayih and Vanderplasschen, Wouter and Vandewalle, Sarah and Van Damme, Rita and Lemmens, Gilbert}},
  issn         = {{1434-1816}},
  journal      = {{ARCHIVES OF WOMENS MENTAL HEALTH}},
  keywords     = {{Psychiatry and Mental health,Obstetrics and Gynecology,Perinatal outcomes,Maternal health,Pregnancy}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{11--27}},
  publisher    = {{Springer Science and Business Media LLC}},
  title        = {{The effects of khat use during pregnancy on perinatal and maternal outcomes : a meta-analysis}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-023-01293-5}},
  volume       = {{26}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

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