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When do parties reform? Causes of programmatic-, organizational- and personnel party reforms in the Belgian mainstream parties

Jasmien Luypaert (UGent) and Thomas Legein
(2024) ACTA POLITICA. 59. p.42-76
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Abstract
Many West-European parties have responded to a changing and challenging environment by adopting multiple party reforms. In this article, we propose a comparative framework to study party reforms based on an adaptation of Harmel and Janda's (1994) Integrated Theory of Party Goals and Party Change and its application to three different features of party action. We argue that the causes leading to reforms are multiple and differ according to the nature of these different features (i.e. programmatic-, personnel- and organization feature). FsQCA analyses show that the three types of reforms implemented by the six mainstream Belgian parties between 1987 and 2014 are all explained by fundamentally different complex causal pathways and that not a single causal condition considered was sufficient in itself to predict party reforms. Hence, we argue that the literature should now extend in two complementary directions. First, we suggest moving away from considering party reforms as only explained by separate conditions, since those are always the result of a combination of causal conditions. Second, we highlighted that it is not possible to commonly explain different types of reforms without stressing that only a diversity of (combinations of) causes allows to do so. Future research should better link the nature of the reforms undertaken to the different causes that may push parties to adopt them.
Keywords
Political Science and International Relations, Party reform, Programmatic reform, Organizational reform, Personnel, reform, Qualitative comparative analysis, Mainstream parties, QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS, POLITICAL-PARTIES, POLICY SHIFTS, IMPACT, MEMBERSHIP, LEADERSHIP, SELECTION, SCANDALS, GREEN, LIFE

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MLA
Luypaert, Jasmien, and Thomas Legein. “When Do Parties Reform? Causes of Programmatic-, Organizational- and Personnel Party Reforms in the Belgian Mainstream Parties.” ACTA POLITICA, vol. 59, 2024, pp. 42–76, doi:10.1057/s41269-022-00280-5.
APA
Luypaert, J., & Legein, T. (2024). When do parties reform? Causes of programmatic-, organizational- and personnel party reforms in the Belgian mainstream parties. ACTA POLITICA, 59, 42–76. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-022-00280-5
Chicago author-date
Luypaert, Jasmien, and Thomas Legein. 2024. “When Do Parties Reform? Causes of Programmatic-, Organizational- and Personnel Party Reforms in the Belgian Mainstream Parties.” ACTA POLITICA 59: 42–76. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-022-00280-5.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Luypaert, Jasmien, and Thomas Legein. 2024. “When Do Parties Reform? Causes of Programmatic-, Organizational- and Personnel Party Reforms in the Belgian Mainstream Parties.” ACTA POLITICA 59: 42–76. doi:10.1057/s41269-022-00280-5.
Vancouver
1.
Luypaert J, Legein T. When do parties reform? Causes of programmatic-, organizational- and personnel party reforms in the Belgian mainstream parties. ACTA POLITICA. 2024;59:42–76.
IEEE
[1]
J. Luypaert and T. Legein, “When do parties reform? Causes of programmatic-, organizational- and personnel party reforms in the Belgian mainstream parties,” ACTA POLITICA, vol. 59, pp. 42–76, 2024.
@article{01GRKGP5ZQBGZGJCCYW9BGGEVC,
  abstract     = {{Many West-European parties have responded to a changing and challenging environment by adopting multiple party reforms. In this article, we propose a comparative framework to study party reforms based on an adaptation of Harmel and Janda's (1994) Integrated Theory of Party Goals and Party Change and its application to three different features of party action. We argue that the causes leading to reforms are multiple and differ according to the nature of these different features (i.e. programmatic-, personnel- and organization feature). FsQCA analyses show that the three types of reforms implemented by the six mainstream Belgian parties between 1987 and 2014 are all explained by fundamentally different complex causal pathways and that not a single causal condition considered was sufficient in itself to predict party reforms. Hence, we argue that the literature should now extend in two complementary directions. First, we suggest moving away from considering party reforms as only explained by separate conditions, since those are always the result of a combination of causal conditions. Second, we highlighted that it is not possible to commonly explain different types of reforms without stressing that only a diversity of (combinations of) causes allows to do so. Future research should better link the nature of the reforms undertaken to the different causes that may push parties to adopt them.}},
  author       = {{Luypaert, Jasmien and Legein, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{0001-6810}},
  journal      = {{ACTA POLITICA}},
  keywords     = {{Political Science and International Relations,Party reform,Programmatic reform,Organizational reform,Personnel,reform,Qualitative comparative analysis,Mainstream parties,QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE-ANALYSIS,POLITICAL-PARTIES,POLICY SHIFTS,IMPACT,MEMBERSHIP,LEADERSHIP,SELECTION,SCANDALS,GREEN,LIFE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{42--76}},
  title        = {{When do parties reform? Causes of programmatic-, organizational- and personnel party reforms in the Belgian mainstream parties}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-022-00280-5}},
  volume       = {{59}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}
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