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In vitro veritas : from 2D cultures to organ-on-a-chip models to study immunogenic cell death in the tumor microenvironment

Dmitri Krysko (UGent) , Robin Demuynck (UGent) , Iuliia Efimova (UGent) , Faye Naessens (UGent) , Olga Krysko (UGent) and Elena Catanzaro (UGent)
(2022) CELLS. 11(22).
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Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a functionally unique form of cell death that promotes a T-cell-dependent anti-tumor immune response specific to antigens originating from dying cancer cells. Many anticancer agents and strategies induce ICD, but despite their robust effects in vitro and in vivo on mice, translation into the clinic remains challenging. A major hindrance in antitumor research is the poor predictive ability of classic 2D in vitro models, which do not consider tumor biological complexity, such as the contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a crucial role in immunosuppression and cancer evasion. In this review, we describe different tumor models, from 2D cultures to organ-on-a-chip technology, as well as spheroids and perfusion bioreactors, all of which mimic the different degrees of the TME complexity. Next, we discuss how 3D cell cultures can be applied to study ICD and how to increase the translational potential of the ICD inducers. Finally, novel research directions are provided regarding ICD in the 3D cellular context which may lead to novel immunotherapies for cancer.
Keywords
immunogenic cell death, tumor microenvironment, 3D cell culture, spheroids, organoids, bioperfusion bioreactors, organ-on-a-chip, CANCER-CELLS, GENE-EXPRESSION, MECHANISMS, SCAFFOLDS, INTERNALIZATION, INHIBITION, COCULTURE, STRESS, TOOL

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MLA
Krysko, Dmitri, et al. “In Vitro Veritas : From 2D Cultures to Organ-on-a-Chip Models to Study Immunogenic Cell Death in the Tumor Microenvironment.” CELLS, vol. 11, no. 22, MDPI, 2022, doi:10.3390/cells11223705.
APA
Krysko, D., Demuynck, R., Efimova, I., Naessens, F., Krysko, O., & Catanzaro, E. (2022). In vitro veritas : from 2D cultures to organ-on-a-chip models to study immunogenic cell death in the tumor microenvironment. CELLS, 11(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11223705
Chicago author-date
Krysko, Dmitri, Robin Demuynck, Iuliia Efimova, Faye Naessens, Olga Krysko, and Elena Catanzaro. 2022. “In Vitro Veritas : From 2D Cultures to Organ-on-a-Chip Models to Study Immunogenic Cell Death in the Tumor Microenvironment.” CELLS 11 (22). https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11223705.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Krysko, Dmitri, Robin Demuynck, Iuliia Efimova, Faye Naessens, Olga Krysko, and Elena Catanzaro. 2022. “In Vitro Veritas : From 2D Cultures to Organ-on-a-Chip Models to Study Immunogenic Cell Death in the Tumor Microenvironment.” CELLS 11 (22). doi:10.3390/cells11223705.
Vancouver
1.
Krysko D, Demuynck R, Efimova I, Naessens F, Krysko O, Catanzaro E. In vitro veritas : from 2D cultures to organ-on-a-chip models to study immunogenic cell death in the tumor microenvironment. CELLS. 2022;11(22).
IEEE
[1]
D. Krysko, R. Demuynck, I. Efimova, F. Naessens, O. Krysko, and E. Catanzaro, “In vitro veritas : from 2D cultures to organ-on-a-chip models to study immunogenic cell death in the tumor microenvironment,” CELLS, vol. 11, no. 22, 2022.
@article{01GQ75EJY7QZ77K37ZTCPKH9KB,
  abstract     = {{Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a functionally unique form of cell death that promotes a T-cell-dependent anti-tumor immune response specific to antigens originating from dying cancer cells. Many anticancer agents and strategies induce ICD, but despite their robust effects in vitro and in vivo on mice, translation into the clinic remains challenging. A major hindrance in antitumor research is the poor predictive ability of classic 2D in vitro models, which do not consider tumor biological complexity, such as the contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a crucial role in immunosuppression and cancer evasion. In this review, we describe different tumor models, from 2D cultures to organ-on-a-chip technology, as well as spheroids and perfusion bioreactors, all of which mimic the different degrees of the TME complexity. Next, we discuss how 3D cell cultures can be applied to study ICD and how to increase the translational potential of the ICD inducers. Finally, novel research directions are provided regarding ICD in the 3D cellular context which may lead to novel immunotherapies for cancer.}},
  articleno    = {{3705}},
  author       = {{Krysko, Dmitri and Demuynck, Robin and Efimova, Iuliia and Naessens, Faye and Krysko, Olga and Catanzaro, Elena}},
  issn         = {{2073-4409}},
  journal      = {{CELLS}},
  keywords     = {{immunogenic cell death,tumor microenvironment,3D cell culture,spheroids,organoids,bioperfusion bioreactors,organ-on-a-chip,CANCER-CELLS,GENE-EXPRESSION,MECHANISMS,SCAFFOLDS,INTERNALIZATION,INHIBITION,COCULTURE,STRESS,TOOL}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{22}},
  pages        = {{21}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI}},
  title        = {{In vitro veritas : from 2D cultures to organ-on-a-chip models to study immunogenic cell death in the tumor microenvironment}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/cells11223705}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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