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Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle : gross, histological, and microbiological characterization

Bert De Jonge (UGent) , Bart Pardon (UGent) , Evy Goossens (UGent) , Filip Van Immerseel (UGent) , Nick Vereecke (UGent) , Mathilde L. Pas, Jozefien Callens, Nermin Caliskan, Stefan Roels and Koen Chiers (UGent)
(2023) VETERINARY PATHOLOGY. 60(2). p.235-244
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Abstract
Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) is a sporadic and fatal disease of predominantly lactating dairy cattle, characterized by segmental hemorrhage and luminal clot formation in the small intestine. Although, Clostridium perfringens and Aspergillus fumigatus have been associated with HBS, the pathogenesis and cause are currently unknown. In this study, 18 naturally occurring cases of HBS (7 necropsied immediately following euthanasia, 11 with 12-48 hour postmortem intervals) were investigated to characterize the pathology and the intestinal microbiome. Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome was characterized by a single small-intestinal, intramucosal hematoma with dissection of the lamina muscularis mucosae. In most cases necropsied immediately after euthanasia (4/7), the intestinal mucosa proximal to the hematoma contained 9 to 14, dispersed, solitary or clustered, erosions or lacerations measuring 4 to 45 mm. In 77% (37/48) of these mucosal lesions, microscopic splitting of the lamina muscularis mucosae comparable to the hematoma was present. These findings suggest the intramucosal hematoma to originate from small mucosal erosions through dissecting hemorrhage within the lamina muscularis mucosae. No invasive fungal growth was observed in any tissue. Bacteriological cultivation and nanopore sequencing showed a polymicrobial population at the hematoma and unaffected intestine, with mostly mild presence of C perfringens at selective culture. Gross and microscopic lesions, as well as the culture and sequencing results, were not in support of involvement of C perfringens or A fumigatus in the pathogenesis of HBS.
Keywords
General Veterinary, cattle, Clostridium perfringens, hematoma, jejunal hemorrhage syndrome, muscularis mucosae, microbiome, nanopore sequencing, erosion, PERFRINGENS TYPE-A, CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS, SMALL COLON, GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT, RISK-FACTORS, HEMATOMA, OBSTRUCTION, DIAGNOSIS, ENTERITIS, DISEASE

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MLA
De Jonge, Bert, et al. “Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome in Dairy Cattle : Gross, Histological, and Microbiological Characterization.” VETERINARY PATHOLOGY, vol. 60, no. 2, 2023, pp. 235–44, doi:10.1177/03009858221143402.
APA
De Jonge, B., Pardon, B., Goossens, E., Van Immerseel, F., Vereecke, N., Pas, M. L., … Chiers, K. (2023). Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle : gross, histological, and microbiological characterization. VETERINARY PATHOLOGY, 60(2), 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858221143402
Chicago author-date
De Jonge, Bert, Bart Pardon, Evy Goossens, Filip Van Immerseel, Nick Vereecke, Mathilde L. Pas, Jozefien Callens, Nermin Caliskan, Stefan Roels, and Koen Chiers. 2023. “Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome in Dairy Cattle : Gross, Histological, and Microbiological Characterization.” VETERINARY PATHOLOGY 60 (2): 235–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/03009858221143402.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
De Jonge, Bert, Bart Pardon, Evy Goossens, Filip Van Immerseel, Nick Vereecke, Mathilde L. Pas, Jozefien Callens, Nermin Caliskan, Stefan Roels, and Koen Chiers. 2023. “Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome in Dairy Cattle : Gross, Histological, and Microbiological Characterization.” VETERINARY PATHOLOGY 60 (2): 235–244. doi:10.1177/03009858221143402.
Vancouver
1.
De Jonge B, Pardon B, Goossens E, Van Immerseel F, Vereecke N, Pas ML, et al. Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle : gross, histological, and microbiological characterization. VETERINARY PATHOLOGY. 2023;60(2):235–44.
IEEE
[1]
B. De Jonge et al., “Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle : gross, histological, and microbiological characterization,” VETERINARY PATHOLOGY, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 235–244, 2023.
@article{01GP5X1JHBK14XSNGEFWZN26M6,
  abstract     = {{Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) is a sporadic and fatal disease of predominantly lactating dairy cattle, characterized by segmental hemorrhage and luminal clot formation in the small intestine. Although, Clostridium perfringens and Aspergillus fumigatus have been associated with HBS, the pathogenesis and cause are currently unknown. In this study, 18 naturally occurring cases of HBS (7 necropsied immediately following euthanasia, 11 with 12-48 hour postmortem intervals) were investigated to characterize the pathology and the intestinal microbiome. Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome was characterized by a single small-intestinal, intramucosal hematoma with dissection of the lamina muscularis mucosae. In most cases necropsied immediately after euthanasia (4/7), the intestinal mucosa proximal to the hematoma contained 9 to 14, dispersed, solitary or clustered, erosions or lacerations measuring 4 to 45 mm. In 77% (37/48) of these mucosal lesions, microscopic splitting of the lamina muscularis mucosae comparable to the hematoma was present. These findings suggest the intramucosal hematoma to originate from small mucosal erosions through dissecting hemorrhage within the lamina muscularis mucosae. No invasive fungal growth was observed in any tissue. Bacteriological cultivation and nanopore sequencing showed a polymicrobial population at the hematoma and unaffected intestine, with mostly mild presence of C perfringens at selective culture. Gross and microscopic lesions, as well as the culture and sequencing results, were not in support of involvement of C perfringens or A fumigatus in the pathogenesis of HBS.}},
  author       = {{De Jonge, Bert and Pardon, Bart and Goossens, Evy and Van Immerseel, Filip and Vereecke, Nick and Pas, Mathilde L. and Callens, Jozefien and Caliskan, Nermin and Roels, Stefan and Chiers, Koen}},
  issn         = {{0300-9858}},
  journal      = {{VETERINARY PATHOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{General Veterinary,cattle,Clostridium perfringens,hematoma,jejunal hemorrhage syndrome,muscularis mucosae,microbiome,nanopore sequencing,erosion,PERFRINGENS TYPE-A,CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS,SMALL COLON,GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT,RISK-FACTORS,HEMATOMA,OBSTRUCTION,DIAGNOSIS,ENTERITIS,DISEASE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{235--244}},
  title        = {{Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle : gross, histological, and microbiological characterization}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1177/03009858221143402}},
  volume       = {{60}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}
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