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At the crossroads between care and control : a cross-country comparison of assisted return

(2023) JOURNAL OF REFUGEE STUDIES. 36(3). p.337-358
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Abstract
Assisted return (AR) is a widespread policy tool offering financial support and counselling to returning migrants. Policymakers present it as a durable solution vis-à-vis undocumented migrants and rejected asylum seekers. However, AR has been proven to display the concurrence of care and control typical of contested humanitarianism. This concurrence takes different shapes across nation states. Our paper looks at how Sweden, Finland, the UK, Italy, Spain, and Portugal concretely configure care and control in their AR programmes, by focusing particularly on accessibility criteria, the landscape of the actors implementing the measure and their main implementation strategies. We finally find that the care and control balance of a particular layer within the AR national system can hardly be appreciated without considering the (lack of) life opportunities available to the potential beneficiaries of the measure, both within the confines and outside of it. Therefore, our comparative research ultimately conveys that what we call the intrinsic humanitarianism of AR—or its internal care-control balance—can give insight into the durability of the measure only when associated with what we term the extrinsic humanitarianism of AR—namely its broader relationship with forced return. In order words, AR ultimately appears migration control in disguise if it is not coupled with the enlargement of dignified life chances for migrants.
Keywords
Political Science and International Relations, Geography, Planning and Development, assisted return, humanitarianism, securitization, comparison, durable solutions, MIGRATION MANAGEMENT, VOLUNTARY RETURN, POLITICS

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Citation

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MLA
Marino, Rossella, et al. “At the Crossroads between Care and Control : A Cross-Country Comparison of Assisted Return.” JOURNAL OF REFUGEE STUDIES, vol. 36, no. 3, 2023, pp. 337–58, doi:10.1093/jrs/feac059.
APA
Marino, R., Mannersuo, A., Francisco, I., & Lietaert, I. (2023). At the crossroads between care and control : a cross-country comparison of assisted return. JOURNAL OF REFUGEE STUDIES, 36(3), 337–358. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feac059
Chicago author-date
Marino, Rossella, Arla Mannersuo, Inês Francisco, and Ine Lietaert. 2023. “At the Crossroads between Care and Control : A Cross-Country Comparison of Assisted Return.” JOURNAL OF REFUGEE STUDIES 36 (3): 337–58. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feac059.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Marino, Rossella, Arla Mannersuo, Inês Francisco, and Ine Lietaert. 2023. “At the Crossroads between Care and Control : A Cross-Country Comparison of Assisted Return.” JOURNAL OF REFUGEE STUDIES 36 (3): 337–358. doi:10.1093/jrs/feac059.
Vancouver
1.
Marino R, Mannersuo A, Francisco I, Lietaert I. At the crossroads between care and control : a cross-country comparison of assisted return. JOURNAL OF REFUGEE STUDIES. 2023;36(3):337–58.
IEEE
[1]
R. Marino, A. Mannersuo, I. Francisco, and I. Lietaert, “At the crossroads between care and control : a cross-country comparison of assisted return,” JOURNAL OF REFUGEE STUDIES, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 337–358, 2023.
@article{01GMGEVBGZP3BFAVTVBPPP4S8V,
  abstract     = {{Assisted return (AR) is a widespread policy tool offering financial support and counselling to returning migrants. Policymakers present it as a durable solution vis-à-vis undocumented migrants and rejected asylum seekers. However, AR has been proven to display the concurrence of care and control typical of contested humanitarianism. This concurrence takes different shapes across nation states. Our paper looks at how Sweden, Finland, the UK, Italy, Spain, and Portugal concretely configure care and control in their AR programmes, by focusing particularly on accessibility criteria, the landscape of the actors implementing the measure and their main implementation strategies. We finally find that the care and control balance of a particular layer within the AR national system can hardly be appreciated without considering the (lack of) life opportunities available to the potential beneficiaries of the measure, both within the confines and outside of it. Therefore, our comparative research ultimately conveys that what we call the intrinsic humanitarianism of AR—or its internal care-control balance—can give insight into the durability of the measure only when associated with what we term the extrinsic humanitarianism of AR—namely its broader relationship with forced return. In order words, AR ultimately appears migration control in disguise if it is not coupled with the enlargement of dignified life chances for migrants.}},
  author       = {{Marino, Rossella and Mannersuo, Arla and Francisco, Inês and Lietaert, Ine}},
  issn         = {{0951-6328}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF REFUGEE STUDIES}},
  keywords     = {{Political Science and International Relations,Geography, Planning and Development,assisted return,humanitarianism,securitization,comparison,durable solutions,MIGRATION MANAGEMENT,VOLUNTARY RETURN,POLITICS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{337--358}},
  title        = {{At the crossroads between care and control : a cross-country comparison of assisted return}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feac059}},
  volume       = {{36}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

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