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Fusarium isolates from Belgium causing wilt in lettuce show genetic and pathogenic diversity

Jolien Claerbout, Kris Van Poucke, Hanna Mestdagh (UGent) , Ilse Delaere (UGent) , Isabel Vandevelde, Sofie Venneman, An Decombel, Peter Bleyaert, Jenny Neukermans, Nicole Viaene (UGent) , et al.
(2023) PLANT PATHOLOGY. 72(3). p.593-609
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Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 4 causes vascular necrosis and wilting of lettuce. First observed in Belgium in 2015, the lack of disease resistance in commercial cultivars allowed this pathogen to spread to nearly the entire Belgian production area within 4 years. Different levels of disease development were observed in different commercial greenhouses. To help explain this variation, we collected 78 Fusarium isolates and characterized them both physiologically and genetically. Molecular race identification indicated that 91% of the isolates belonged to race 4, while 6% of the isolates belonged to race 1, which was not previously reported in Belgium. Pathogenicity assays using differential cultivars confirmed the molecular race assignment of selected isolates. Cultivar Patriot was identified as a suitable new differential cultivar to race 4. Race 4 isolates were more aggressive than race 1 isolates at 24 degrees C, but only when using chlamydospore inoculum instead of a root dip assay containing microconidia. Variation in pathogenicity and aggressiveness of the races may explain differences in disease development in commercial greenhouses. Based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), race 1 and race 4 isolates were highly similar to reference isolates. Fusarium curvatum, F. oxysporum f. sp. tulipae and F. oxysporum f. sp. rhois were phylogenetically separated from F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae races 1 and 4 based on the GBS data, but not when using multilocus sequence data. Within F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 4, the GBS data differentiated two rather homogeneous groups, suggesting at least two introductions. However, the two groups did not differ in aggressiveness.
Keywords
Fusarium wilt, genotyping-by-sequencing, glasshouse, inoculation method, soil-grown lettuce, F-SP LACTUCAE, IDENTIFICATION, SEVERITY, RACE-1

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Citation

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MLA
Claerbout, Jolien, et al. “Fusarium Isolates from Belgium Causing Wilt in Lettuce Show Genetic and Pathogenic Diversity.” PLANT PATHOLOGY, vol. 72, no. 3, 2023, pp. 593–609, doi:10.1111/ppa.13668.
APA
Claerbout, J., Van Poucke, K., Mestdagh, H., Delaere, I., Vandevelde, I., Venneman, S., … Höfte, M. (2023). Fusarium isolates from Belgium causing wilt in lettuce show genetic and pathogenic diversity. PLANT PATHOLOGY, 72(3), 593–609. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13668
Chicago author-date
Claerbout, Jolien, Kris Van Poucke, Hanna Mestdagh, Ilse Delaere, Isabel Vandevelde, Sofie Venneman, An Decombel, et al. 2023. “Fusarium Isolates from Belgium Causing Wilt in Lettuce Show Genetic and Pathogenic Diversity.” PLANT PATHOLOGY 72 (3): 593–609. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13668.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Claerbout, Jolien, Kris Van Poucke, Hanna Mestdagh, Ilse Delaere, Isabel Vandevelde, Sofie Venneman, An Decombel, Peter Bleyaert, Jenny Neukermans, Nicole Viaene, Kurt Heungens, and Monica Höfte. 2023. “Fusarium Isolates from Belgium Causing Wilt in Lettuce Show Genetic and Pathogenic Diversity.” PLANT PATHOLOGY 72 (3): 593–609. doi:10.1111/ppa.13668.
Vancouver
1.
Claerbout J, Van Poucke K, Mestdagh H, Delaere I, Vandevelde I, Venneman S, et al. Fusarium isolates from Belgium causing wilt in lettuce show genetic and pathogenic diversity. PLANT PATHOLOGY. 2023;72(3):593–609.
IEEE
[1]
J. Claerbout et al., “Fusarium isolates from Belgium causing wilt in lettuce show genetic and pathogenic diversity,” PLANT PATHOLOGY, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 593–609, 2023.
@article{01GM2Y0AJAQMEBZ3METY5S6DDZ,
  abstract     = {{Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 4 causes vascular necrosis and wilting of lettuce. First observed in Belgium in 2015, the lack of disease resistance in commercial cultivars allowed this pathogen to spread to nearly the entire Belgian production area within 4 years. Different levels of disease development were observed in different commercial greenhouses. To help explain this variation, we collected 78 Fusarium isolates and characterized them both physiologically and genetically. Molecular race identification indicated that 91% of the isolates belonged to race 4, while 6% of the isolates belonged to race 1, which was not previously reported in Belgium. Pathogenicity assays using differential cultivars confirmed the molecular race assignment of selected isolates. Cultivar Patriot was identified as a suitable new differential cultivar to race 4. Race 4 isolates were more aggressive than race 1 isolates at 24 degrees C, but only when using chlamydospore inoculum instead of a root dip assay containing microconidia. Variation in pathogenicity and aggressiveness of the races may explain differences in disease development in commercial greenhouses. Based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), race 1 and race 4 isolates were highly similar to reference isolates. Fusarium curvatum, F. oxysporum f. sp. tulipae and F. oxysporum f. sp. rhois were phylogenetically separated from F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae races 1 and 4 based on the GBS data, but not when using multilocus sequence data. Within F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 4, the GBS data differentiated two rather homogeneous groups, suggesting at least two introductions. However, the two groups did not differ in aggressiveness.}},
  author       = {{Claerbout, Jolien and  Van Poucke, Kris and Mestdagh, Hanna and Delaere, Ilse and  Vandevelde, Isabel and  Venneman, Sofie and  Decombel, An and  Bleyaert, Peter and  Neukermans, Jenny and Viaene, Nicole and  Heungens, Kurt and Höfte, Monica}},
  issn         = {{0032-0862}},
  journal      = {{PLANT PATHOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Fusarium wilt,genotyping-by-sequencing,glasshouse,inoculation method,soil-grown lettuce,F-SP LACTUCAE,IDENTIFICATION,SEVERITY,RACE-1}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{593--609}},
  title        = {{Fusarium isolates from Belgium causing wilt in lettuce show genetic and pathogenic diversity}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13668}},
  volume       = {{72}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}
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