@article{01GJFX63CDF47MDJA9T2JYFHDK,
  abstract     = {{We present a measurement of the density of GeV muons in near-vertical air showers using three years of data recorded by the IceTop array at the South Pole. Depending on the shower size, the muon densities have been measured at lateral distances between 200 and 1000 m. From these lateral distributions, we derive the muon densities as functions of energy at reference distances of 600 and 800 m for primary energies between 2.5 and 40 PeV and between 9 and 120 PeV, respectively. The muon densities are determined using, as a baseline, the hadronic interaction model Sibyll 2.1 together with various composition models. The measurements are consistent with the predicted muon densities within these baseline interaction and composition models. The measured muon densities have also been compared to simulations using the postLHC models EPOS-LHC and QGSJet-II.04. The result of this comparison is that the post-LHC models together with any given composition model yield higher muon densities than observed. This is in contrast to the observations above 1 EeV where all model simulations yield for any mass composition lower muon densities than the measured ones. The post-LHC models in general feature higher muon densities so that the agreement with experimental data at the highest energies is improved but the muon densities are not correct in the energy range between 2.5 and about 100 PeV.}},
  articleno    = {{032010}},
  author       = {{Abbasi, R. and  Ackermann, M. and  Adams, J. and  Aguilar, J. A. and  Ahlers, M. and  Ahrens, M. and  Alameddine, J. M. and  Alves, A. A. and  Amin, N. M. and  Andeen, K. and  Anderson, T. and  Anton, G. and  Arguelles, C. and  Ashida, Y. and  Axani, S. and  Bai, X. and  Balagopal, A. and  Barwick, S. W. and  Bastian, B. and  Basu, V and  Baur, S. and  Bay, R. and  Beatty, J. J. and  Becker, K-H and  Tjus, J. Becker and  Beise, J. and  Bellenghi, C. and  Benda, S. and  BenZvi, S. and  Berley, D. and  Bernardini, E. and  Besson, D. Z. and  Binder, G. and  Bindig, D. and  Blaufuss, E. and  Blot, S. and  Boddenberg, M. and  Bontempo, F. and  Borowka, J. and  Boeser, S. and  Botner, O. and  Boettcher, J. and  Bourbeau, E. and  Bradascio, F. and  Braun, J. and  Brinson, B. and  Bron, S. and  Brostean-Kaiser, J. and  Browne, S. and  Burgman, A. and  Burley, R. T. and  Busse, R. S. and  Campana, M. A. and  Carnie-Bronca, E. G. and  Chen, C. and  Chen, Z. and  Chirkin, D. and  Choi, K. and  Clark, B. A. and  Clark, K. and  Classen, L. and  Coleman, A. and  Collin, G. H. and  Conrad, J. M. and  Coppin, P. and  Correa, P. and  Cowen, D. F. and  Cross, R. and  Dappen, C. and  Dave, P. and  De Clercq, C. and  DeLaunay, J. J. and  Lopez, D. Delgado and  Dembinski, H. and  Deoskar, K. and  Desai, A. and  Desiati, P. and  de Vries, K. D. and  de Wasseige, G. and  de With, M. and  DeYoung, T. and  Diaz, A. and  Diaz-Velez, J. C. and  Dittmer, M. and  Dujmovic, H. and  Dunkman, M. and  DuVernois, M. A. and  Ehrhardt, T. and  Eller, P. and  Engel, R. and  Erpenbeck, H. and  Evans, J. and  Evenson, P. A. and  Fan, K. L. and  Fazely, A. R. and  Fedynitch, A. and  Feigl, N. and  Fiedlschuster, S. and  Fienberg, A. T. and  Finley, C. and  Fischer, L. and  Fox, D. and  Franckowiak, A. and  Friedman, E. and  Fritz, A. and  Fuerst, P. and  Gaisser, T. K. and  Gallagher, J. and  Ganster, E. and  Garcia, A. and  Garrappa, S. and  Gerhardt, L. and  Ghadimi, A. and  Glaser, C. and  Glauch, T. and  Gluesenkamp, T. and  Gonzalez, J. G. and  Goswami, S. and  Grant, D. and  Gregoire, T. and  Griswold, S. and  Guenther, C. and  Gutjahr, P. and  Haack, C. and  Hallgren, A. and  Halliday, R. and  Halve, L. and  Halzen, F. and  Ha Minh, M. and  Hanson, K. and  Hardin, J. and  Harnisch, A. A. and  Haungs, A. and  Hebecker, D. and  Helbing, K. and  Henningsen, F. and  Hettinger, E. C. and  Hickford, S. and  Hignight, J. and  Hill, C. and  Hill, G. C. and  Hoffman, K. D. and  Hoffmann, R. and  Hoshina, K. and  Huang, F. and  Huber, M. and  Huber, T. and  Hultqvist, K. and  Huennefeld, M. and  Hussain, R. and  Hymon, K. and  In, S. and  Iovine, N. and  Ishihara, A. and  Jansson, M. and  Japaridze, G. S. and  Jeong, M. and  Jin, M. and  Jones, B. J. P. and  Kang, D. and  Kang, W. and  Kang, X. and  Kappes, A. and  Kappesser, D. and  Kardum, L. and  Karg, T. and  Karl, M. and  Karle, A. and  Katz, U. and  Kauer, M. and  Kellermann, M. and  Kelley, J. L. and  Kheirandish, A. and  Kin, K. and  Kintscher, T. and  Kiryluk, J. and  Klein, S. R. and  Koirala, R. and  Kolanoski, H. and  Kontrimas, T. and  Koepke, L. and  Kopper, C. and  Kopper, S. and  Koskinen, D. J. and  Koundal, P. and  Kovacevich, M. and  Kowalski, M. and  Kozynets, T. and  Kun, E. and  Kurahashi, N. and  Lad, N. and  Gualda, C. Lagunas and  Lanfranchi, J. L. and  Larson, M. J. and  Lauber, F. and  Lazar, J. P. and  Lee, J. W. and  Leonard, K. and  Li, Y. and  Lincetto, M. and  Liu, Q. R. and  Liubarska, M. and  Lohfink, E. and  Mariscal, C. J. Lozano and  Lu, L. and  Lucarelli, F. and  Ludwig, A. and  Luszczak, W. and  Lyu, Y. and  Ma, W. Y. and  Madsen, J. and  Mahn, K. B. M. and  Makino, Y. and  Mancina, S. and  Martinez-Soler, I and  Maruyama, R. and  McCarthy, S. and  McElroy, T. and  McNally, F. and  Mead, J. and  Meagher, K. and  Mechbal, S. and  Medina, A. and  Meier, M. and  Meighen-Berger, S. and  Micallef, J. and  Mockler, D. and  Montaruli, T. and  Moore, R. W. and  Morse, R. and  Moulai, M. and  Naab, R. and  Nagai, R. and  Naumann, U. and  Necker, J. and  Niederhausen, H. and  Nisa, M. U. and  Nowicki, S. C. and  Pollmann, A. Obertacke and  Oehler, M. and Oeyen, Bob and  Olivas, A. and  O'Sullivan, E. and  Pandya, H. and  Pankova, D. and  Park, N. and  Parker, G. K. and  Paudel, E. N. and  Paul, L. and  de los Heros, C. Perez and  Peters, L. and  Peterson, J. and  Philippen, S. and  Pieper, S. and  Pittermann, M. and  Pizzuto, A. and  Plum, M. and  Popovych, Y. and Porcelli, Alessio and  Rodriguez, M. Prado and  Pries, B. and  Przybylski, G. T. and  Raab, C. and  Rack-Helleis, J. and  Raissi, A. and  Rameez, M. and  Rawlins, K. and  Rea, I. C. and  Rechav, Z. and  Rehman, A. and  Reichherzer, P. and  Reimann, R. and  Renzi, G. and  Resconi, E. and  Reusch, S. and  Rhode, W. and  Richman, M. and  Riedel, B. and  Roberts, E. J. and  Robertson, S. and  Roellinghoff, G. and  Rongen, M. and  Rott, C. and  Ruhe, T. and Ryckbosch, Dirk and  Cantu, D. Rysewyk and  Safa, I and  Saffer, J. and  Herrera, S. E. Sanchez and  Sandrock, A. and  Santander, M. and  Sarkar, S. and  Sarkar, S. and  Satalecka, K. and  Schaufel, M. and  Schieler, H. and  Schindler, S. and  Schmidt, T. and  Schneider, A. and  Schneider, J. and  Schroeder, F. G. and  Schumacher, L. and  Schwefer, G. and  Sclafani, S. and  Seckel, D. and  Seunarine, S. and  Sharma, A. and  Shefali, S. and  Shimizu, N. and  Silva, M. and  Skrzypek, B. and  Smithers, B. and  Snihur, R. and  Soedingrekso, J. and  Soldin, D. and  Spannfellner, C. and  Spiczak, G. M. and  Spiering, C. and  Stachurska, J. and  Stamatikos, M. and  Stanev, T. and  Stein, R. and  Stettner, J. and  Stezelberger, T. and  Stuerwald, T. and  Stuttard, T. and  Sullivan, G. W. and  Taboada, I and  Ter-Antonyan, S. and  Thwaites, J. and  Tilav, S. and  Tischbein, F. and  Tollefson, K. and  Toennis, C. and  Toscano, S. and  Tosi, D. and  Trettin, A. and  Tselengidou, M. and  Tung, C. F. and  Turcati, A. and  Turcotte, R. and  Turley, C. F. and  Twagirayezu, J. P. and  Ty, B. and  Elorrieta, M. A. Unland and  Valtonen-Mattila, N. and  Vandenbroucke, J. and  van Eijndhoven, N. and  Vannerom, D. and  van Santen, J. and  Veitch-Michaelis, J. and Verpoest, Stef and  Walck, C. and  Wang, W. and  Watson, T. B. and  Weaver, C. and  Weigel, P. and  Weindl, A. and  Weiss, M. J. and  Weldert, J. and  Wendt, C. and  Werthebach, J. and  Weyrauch, M. and  Whitehorn, N. and  Wiebusch, C. H. and  Williams, D. R. and  Wolf, M. and  Wrede, G. and  Wulff, J. and  Xu, X. W. and  Yanez, J. P. and  Yildizci, E. and  Yoshida, S. and  Yu, S. and  Yuan, T. and  Zhang, Z. and  Zhelnin, P.}},
  issn         = {{2470-0010}},
  journal      = {{PHYSICAL REVIEW D}},
  keywords     = {{COSMIC-RAY COMPOSITION,ENERGY-SPECTRUM,SIMULATION,MODEL,SYSTEM,EXCESS}},
  language     = {{und}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{21}},
  title        = {{Density of GeV muons in air showers measured with IceTop}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.032010}},
  volume       = {{106}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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