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Valorizing Kraft lignin by a catalytic reductive depolymerization in ethanol/water with formic acid as a supplementary H2 donor

(2023) WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION. 14(5). p.1447-1460
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Abstract
Lignin is a promising biopolymer to serve as a sustainable resource for a multitude of applications (e.g., thermoset materials, production of bulk chemicals) thereby substituting fossil-based carbon sources. In this work, the reductive depolymerization of Kraft lignin (KL) was studied in ethanol/water aided by formic acid (FA) as the way forward to valorize lignin. The effect of various process conditions was elucidated using P-31-NMR, pH, GPC, CHNSO, GC-MS and 2D-LC analyses. It is found that the addition of a small amount of FA (3.6 vol%) is beneficial for obtaining smaller lignin fragments with more phenolic OH (PhOH) functionalities upon depolymerization at 250 degrees C for 8 h. Besides, a higher FA concentration causes acid catalyzed lignin repolymerization and a longer reaction time results in only a limited reduction in molecular weight of the obtained lignin fragments. The addition of a supported Pd catalyst leads to a more pronounced depolymerization (smaller lignin fragments with more PhOH functionalities) as well as a stronger decrease in oxygen and sulfur content. Furthermore, several experiments and multiple analysis techniques support the hypothesis that FA acts as H-2 donor under the investigated conditions in this study. In conclusion, KL (M-W similar to 16,436 g mol(-1) and 3.31 mmol g(-1) PhOH) was successfully depolymerized into a low molecular weight lignin (M-W similar to 3250 g mol(-1)) with more PhOH functionalities (5.29 mmol g(-1)).
Keywords
Kraft lignin, Lignin valorization, Mild reductive depolymerization, Formic acid, Liquid phase reforming, CHEMICALS, HYDROGEN, HYDROCRACKING, LIQUEFACTION, SOLVOLYSIS, FUELS

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Citation

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MLA
Jacobs, Bram, et al. “Valorizing Kraft Lignin by a Catalytic Reductive Depolymerization in Ethanol/Water with Formic Acid as a Supplementary H2 Donor.” WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION, vol. 14, no. 5, 2023, pp. 1447–60, doi:10.1007/s12649-022-01958-9.
APA
Jacobs, B., Van Nieuwenhove, I., Lauwaert, J., De Saegher, T., Gracia-Vitoria, J., Vanbroekhoven, K., … Verberckmoes, A. (2023). Valorizing Kraft lignin by a catalytic reductive depolymerization in ethanol/water with formic acid as a supplementary H2 donor. WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION, 14(5), 1447–1460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-022-01958-9
Chicago author-date
Jacobs, Bram, Ine Van Nieuwenhove, Jeroen Lauwaert, Tibo De Saegher, Jaime Gracia-Vitoria, Karolien Vanbroekhoven, Tom Renders, Tony De Roo, Jeriffa De Clercq, and An Verberckmoes. 2023. “Valorizing Kraft Lignin by a Catalytic Reductive Depolymerization in Ethanol/Water with Formic Acid as a Supplementary H2 Donor.” WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION 14 (5): 1447–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-022-01958-9.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Jacobs, Bram, Ine Van Nieuwenhove, Jeroen Lauwaert, Tibo De Saegher, Jaime Gracia-Vitoria, Karolien Vanbroekhoven, Tom Renders, Tony De Roo, Jeriffa De Clercq, and An Verberckmoes. 2023. “Valorizing Kraft Lignin by a Catalytic Reductive Depolymerization in Ethanol/Water with Formic Acid as a Supplementary H2 Donor.” WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION 14 (5): 1447–1460. doi:10.1007/s12649-022-01958-9.
Vancouver
1.
Jacobs B, Van Nieuwenhove I, Lauwaert J, De Saegher T, Gracia-Vitoria J, Vanbroekhoven K, et al. Valorizing Kraft lignin by a catalytic reductive depolymerization in ethanol/water with formic acid as a supplementary H2 donor. WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION. 2023;14(5):1447–60.
IEEE
[1]
B. Jacobs et al., “Valorizing Kraft lignin by a catalytic reductive depolymerization in ethanol/water with formic acid as a supplementary H2 donor,” WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1447–1460, 2023.
@article{01GJF5S3SEJMPFSJ62R3FC53K0,
  abstract     = {{Lignin is a promising biopolymer to serve as a sustainable resource for a multitude of applications (e.g., thermoset materials, production of bulk chemicals) thereby substituting fossil-based carbon sources. In this work, the reductive depolymerization of Kraft lignin (KL) was studied in ethanol/water aided by formic acid (FA) as the way forward to valorize lignin. The effect of various process conditions was elucidated using P-31-NMR, pH, GPC, CHNSO, GC-MS and 2D-LC analyses. It is found that the addition of a small amount of FA (3.6 vol%) is beneficial for obtaining smaller lignin fragments with more phenolic OH (PhOH) functionalities upon depolymerization at 250 degrees C for 8 h. Besides, a higher FA concentration causes acid catalyzed lignin repolymerization and a longer reaction time results in only a limited reduction in molecular weight of the obtained lignin fragments. The addition of a supported Pd catalyst leads to a more pronounced depolymerization (smaller lignin fragments with more PhOH functionalities) as well as a stronger decrease in oxygen and sulfur content. Furthermore, several experiments and multiple analysis techniques support the hypothesis that FA acts as H-2 donor under the investigated conditions in this study. In conclusion, KL (M-W similar to 16,436 g mol(-1) and 3.31 mmol g(-1) PhOH) was successfully depolymerized into a low molecular weight lignin (M-W similar to 3250 g mol(-1)) with more PhOH functionalities (5.29 mmol g(-1)).}},
  author       = {{Jacobs, Bram and Van Nieuwenhove, Ine and Lauwaert, Jeroen and De Saegher, Tibo and  Gracia-Vitoria, Jaime and  Vanbroekhoven, Karolien and  Renders, Tom and  De Roo, Tony and De Clercq, Jeriffa and Verberckmoes, An}},
  issn         = {{1877-2641}},
  journal      = {{WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION}},
  keywords     = {{Kraft lignin,Lignin valorization,Mild reductive depolymerization,Formic acid,Liquid phase reforming,CHEMICALS,HYDROGEN,HYDROCRACKING,LIQUEFACTION,SOLVOLYSIS,FUELS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{1447--1460}},
  title        = {{Valorizing Kraft lignin by a catalytic reductive depolymerization in ethanol/water with formic acid as a supplementary H2 donor}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-022-01958-9}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

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