prof. Eva Lievens
- ORCID iD
- 0000-0001-5993-923X
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“A Special Offer for You!” – Personalisation of In-Game Commercial Practices at the Crossroads of Data Protection and Consumer Protection Regulation
(2024) Revue européenne de droit de la consommation/European Journal of Consumer Law. 2024(1). p.57-85 -
Manipulative digital marketing practices targeted at children and youth online: Rights and responsibilities under the existing EU legal framework.
(2024) -
Safeguarding the child’s right to privacy and data protection in the European Union and China : a tale of state duties and business responsibilities
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Whether and how to govern technology : Alternative Regulatory Instruments to regulate tech phenomena
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Cybercrime and cybersecurity
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The regulation of electronic commerce and digital services
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Digital discrimination
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- Book Editor
- open access
An introduction to law & technology
Eva Lievens (UGent) , Simon Verschaeve (UGent) and Carl Vander Maelen (UGent)(2023) -
Data protection principles
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
5th International Press Freedom Seminar : journalism and artificial intelligence
(2023) -
Ireland, a €345 million fine for TikTok for violations of the GDPR regarding the processing of children’s personal data
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
Turning ySKILLS recommendations into action points for EU policy on children's digital skills
(2023) -
Towards a legal qualification of digital intimidation against environmental defenders: navigating core components and characteristics
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- Journal Article
- A1
- open access
The EU approach to safeguard children's rights on video-sharing platforms : jigsaw or maze?
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
The EU approach to safeguard children's rights on video-sharing platforms
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AI in the home : data protection requirements for smart home assistants
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Kinderen in de digitale wereld
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Whether and how to govern technology : Alternative Regulatory Instruments to regulate tech phenomena
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Cybercrime and cybersecurity
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Digital discrimination
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Data protection I : personal data and non-personal data : data protection actors
(2022) -
Data protection principles
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
4th International Press Freedom Seminar : combating SLAPPs against journalists
(2022) -
Platforms and children(‘s rights) : trends and legislative developments
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
Roundtable on child and youth consumer protection in digital markets
(2022) -
- Book Chapter
- open access
Threats connected to vulnerable groups
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
Governing information flows during war : a comparative study of content governance and media policy responses after Russia's attack on Ukraine
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The regulation of electronic commerce and digital services
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An introduction to law & technology
Eva Lievens (UGent) , Simon Verschaeve (UGent) and Carl Vander Maelen (UGent)(2022) -
Children's privacy and digital literacy across cultures : implications for education and regulation
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
‘Age verification’ by VSPs at the intersection of audiovisual media regulation, data protection and children’s rights
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EU member state legal framework : WP2 : existing methods, user needs and requirements
(2021) -
- Miscellaneous
- open access
Report on Belgium
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Children’s Rights in the digital environment : policy developments & priorities
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Growing up with digital technologies : how the precautionary principle might contribute to addressing potential serious harm to children’s rights
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
Children’s rights in the digital environment
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Dutch DPA fines TikTok for not offering understandable information to children
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Children’s reflections on privacy and the protection of their personal data : co-design workshops in Flanders (BE)
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Children in the EU Digital Services Act and Artificial Intelligence Act : from acknowledging children’s rights to protecting and fulfilling children’s rights
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Developing transparent privacy policies that children understand and like : what do children say?
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Children’s rights in a digital world
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Children’s reflections on privacy and the protection of their personal data : a child-centric approach to data protection information formats
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Sexting amongst children and teenagers : towards a policy that balances protection and autonomy
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Genderstereotypering en -discriminatie in technologie : hinkt het recht achterop?
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
ANSER : five years of global academic collaboration building evidence for sexual and reproductive health and rights policies
(2021) -
AI and data protection : the case of smart home assistants
(2021) Artificial intelligence and the law. In Centrum voor Verbintenissen- en Goederenrecht 4. p.173-206 -
- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
A child rights approach to data-driven education
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Juridisch onderzoek gegevensbeheer Zorginspectie
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- Book Chapter
- open access
Autonome motorvoertuigen en gegevensbescherming
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
Report on Belgium
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
Handbook for policy makers on the rights of the child in the digital environment
(2020) -
- Miscellaneous
- open access
Artificial intelligence, data protection and child rights policy
(2020) -
Sexting tussen minderjarigen : strafbaar of niet?
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Wetenschappelijk onderzoek met (big) data en het gegevensbeschermingsrecht : het kluwen ontward
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- Book Chapter
- open access
The rights of the child in the digital environment : from empowerment to de-responsibilisation
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- Book Editor
- open access
Politie en cybercrime
Christianne De Poot, Eva Lievens (UGent) , Wouter Stol and Lies De Kimpe -
Adolescents’ advertising literacy and privacy protection strategies in the context of targeted advertising on social networking sites : implications for regulation
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A focus group study of children’s online privacy management and their understanding of personal data
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Privacy and identity management : data for better living : AI and privacy
Michael Friedewald, Melek Önen, Eva Lievens (UGent) , Stephan Krenn and Samuel Fricker -
- Journal Article
- A2
- open access
The child’s right to protection against economic exploitation in the digital world
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New Belgian theatrical rating system
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
The child’s right to privacy, data protection and protection from commercial exploitation re-visited
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Child-friendly transparency of data processing in the EU : from legal requirements to platform policies
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A legal perspective on trust, control and privacy in the context of sexting among children in Europe
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- Book Chapter
- open access
News diversity and recommendation systems : setting the interdisciplinary scene
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
Submission to the Committee on the Rights of the Child in view of the intention to draft a General Comment on children’s rights in relation to the digital environment
(2019) -
Cybercrime, technology and surveillance
(2019) -
The protection of children’s personal data in a data-driven world : a closer look at the GDPR from a children’s rights perspective
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Status quo regarding the child's article 8 GDPR age of consent for data processing across the EU
(2019) BIK PORTAL. -
The rights of the child in the digital environment : from empowerment to de-responsibilisation
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Gegevensbeschermingseffectbeoordelingen en onderzoek
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Exploring the crossroads between audiovisual media regulation and data protection
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A ‘Netflix tax’ in Flanders? The participation of non-linear broadcasters in the production of Flemish audiovisual works
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European media law : collection of materials 2019-2020
(2019) -
Towards child-friendly transparency: co-design workshops with children on data protection & child-friendly information
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News diversity for diluting disinformation : a fundamental rights perspective
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Children’s location tracking and their right to privacy in a mobile media world
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Consent, contract and legitimate interests as grounds for lawful processing of children’s personal data in the EU : investigating an unexpected turn of events
(2019) BILETA 2019. -
- Miscellaneous
- open access
The GDPR child's age of consent for data processing across the EU – one year later (July 2019)
(2019) -
- Journal Article
- A2
- open access
Geen ongerechtvaardigde geoblocking meer : verordening (EU) 2018/302 toegelicht
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- Journal Article
- A2
- open access
Children’s rights to privacy and data protecton around the world : challenges in the digital realm
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Towards a legal qualifcaton of online sexual acts in which children are involved : constructng a typology
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- Journal Article
- A2
- open access
Noot bij Kaboğlu en Oran t.Turkije (Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens, 30 oktober 2018)
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A human rights perspective on our algorithmic society
(2019) -
The internet of toys : playing games with children’s data?
(2019) -
- Miscellaneous
- open access
The changing patchwork of the child's age of consent for data processing across the EU
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Bouwstenen voor een recht van antwoord voor online media in België vanuit een juridisch en empirisch perspectief
(2019) -
A child’s right to be forgotten : letting go of the past and embracing the future?
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The internet of toys : playing games with children’s data?
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
Verslag van de Belgische expertengroep inzake fake news en desinformatie
(2018) -
Implementing the child’s right to data protection across the EU : mapping of national legislative and policy developments
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The child’s multidimensional right to privacy in a mobile media world
(2018) -
- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
De impact van de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming op kinderen en jongeren
(2018) -
Adolescents’ persuasion skills and privacy protection strategies in the context of targeted advertising on social networking sites : implications for regulation
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
Towards a better protection of children’s personal data collected by connected toys and devices
(2018) -
- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Realising children’s rights in the digital environment : identifying priorities for public and private actors
(2018) -
- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Is self-regulation failing children? Or realising children’s rights in the digital environment through self- and co-regulation: challenges & opportunities
(2018) -
Privacy as a prerequisite for the online exploration of sexual identity by adolescents
(2018) -
A legal perspective on trust, control and privacy in the context of sexting among youngsters
(2018) -
- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Conceptualising online sexual acts in which children are involved : towards the construction of a typology
(2018) -
The child’s right to privacy and data protection in an IoT world : from robots to smart home assistants
(2018) -
- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
A look at 'age verification' through the lens of recent legislative initiatives
(2018) -
European media law : collection of materials 2018-2019
(2018) -
- Journal Article
- A2
- open access
Online winkelen over grenzen heen : de nieuwe verordening inzake de aanpak van ongerechtvaardigde geoblocking
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Promoting news diversity : an interdisciplinary investigation into algorithmic design, personalization and the public interest
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Child-Friendly Transparency of Data Processing: Will More Understanding Lead to More Trust?
(2018) -
- Miscellaneous
- open access
Counting down to 25 May 2018: mapping the GDPR age of consent across the EU
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Children’s rights and digital technologies
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Children’s Rights to Privacy and Data Protection around the World: Challenges in the Digital Realm
(2018) -
The importance of privacy by design and data protection impact assessments in strengthening protection of children’s personal data under the GDPR
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
Solutions and policy dilemmas regarding minors' protection online
(2018) -
Will the GDPR and the ePrivacy regulation ensure sufficient protection for children's rights in the digital environment?
(2018) -
Looking for needles in a haystack : key issues affecting children's rights in the general data protection regulation
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Sexting and the law
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- Book Chapter
- open access
Reclame en nieuwe media: vind ik (niet) leuk : juridische stand van zaken in het licht van de nieuwe Richtlijn Audiovisuele Mediadiensten en de Algemene Verordening Gegevensbescherming
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Handboek auteursrecht
(2017) -
- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Targeting children with personalised advertising : how to reconcile the (best) interests of children & advertisers
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- Book Editor
- open access
Data protection and privacy under pressure : transatlantic tensions, EU surveillance, and big data
Gert Vermeulen (UGent) and Eva Lievens (UGent)(2017) -
- Book Chapter
- open access
Targeting children with personalised advertising : how to reconcile the (best) interests of children and advertisers
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Protection of children under the GDPR : how to achieve meaningful control over personal data by parents and children?
(2017) -
- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Children’s advertising literacy in the digital environment
(2017) -
Realising children’s rights in the digital environment through self- and co-regulation : challenges & opportunities
(2017) -
Enhancing trust in the internet through transparency & co-creation
(2017) -
- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Een mensenrechtelijk perspectief op ‘fake news’: Difference Day Manifesto
(2017) -
European media law : collection of materials 2017-2018
(2017) -
Children’s rights and media : imperfect but inspirational
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'Content-wherever-you-go' : towards cross-border portability of online digital content
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
The General Data Protection Regulation and children’s rights: questions and answers for legislators, DPAs, industry, education, stakeholders and civil society. Roundtable Report.
(2017) -
- Miscellaneous
- open access
Age of consent in the GDPR : updated mapping of recent national guidance and proposals
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Identification of children’s rights issues in the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation
(2017) -
- Journal Article
- A2
- open access
De AVG bekeken vanuit een kinderrechtenperspectief : pluspunten, knelpunten & vraagstukken
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The Role of Children’s Rights in Regulating New Advertising Techniques
(2017) -
- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Zelf- en coregulering onder de loep
(2017) -
- Miscellaneous
- open access
Verordening Gegevensbescherming: wat met persoonsgegevens van kinderen?
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- Journal Article
- A2
- open access
Bouwstenen voor een recht van antwoord voor online media in België vanuit een juridisch en empirisch perspectief
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Children and the GDPR: a quest for clarification and the integration of child rights considerations : Panel: Generation Zero - Data & Digital Marketing Protections for Children and Teens under the GDPR, COPPA and the new FCC Privacy Rules
(2017) -
- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Youth in the data deluge: how can the GDPR protect their privacy while fostering their autonomy
(2017) -
Mondialisation et internet en Belgique
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Toying with children's emotions, the new game in town? The legality of advergames in the EU
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
Mapping and analysis of the current self- and co- regulatory framework of commercial communication aimed at minors
(2016) -
- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Grenzen aan seksuele zelfbeschikking? Een juridische blik op de niet-consensuele online verspreiding van seksuele beelden
(2016) -
The general data protection regulation and its impact on children and adolescents
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
Wanted: evidence base to underpin a children’s rights-based implementation of the GDPR
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
A Children’s Rights perspective on self-regulation of new advertising formats
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Towards a public service algorithm that promotes news diversity
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Corporate social responsibility for social network site providers : advancing children’s rights by creating and implementing a corporate social agenda
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- Journal Article
- A4
- open access
Flemish Media Regulator issues several decisions on sponsoring
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
Professor Eva Lievens speaks on protecting minors more effectively across media platforms
(2016) -
Juridische vragen rond cyberpesten
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Grensoverschrijdende overdraagbaarheid van online diensten
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Children’s digital rights and self-regulation: In harmony or out of tune?
(2016) -
European media law : collection of materials 2016-2017
(2016) -
- Journal Article
- A2
- open access
Internet portalen niet aansprakelijk voor de verspreiding van beledigende: maar niet 'duidelijk onrechtmatige': commentaren van gebruikers
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Niet-consensuele verspreiding van seksuele beelden: analyse van wetgevende initiatieven in de Verenigde Staten, het Verenigd Koninkrijk en België
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Ending the shifting game: towards true responsibility for children’s rights in the digital age
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A legal perspective on the non-consensual dissemination of sexual images: identifying strengths and weaknesses of legislation in the US, UK and Belgium
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- Journal Article
- A4
- open access
Court of Cassation extends the right to be forgotten to online newspaper archives
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- Journal Article
- A4
- open access
Self-regulatory bodies for journalism and advertising ethics report on their functioning
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The protection of minors and the (future) Audiovisual Media Services Directive
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Empowering children through labelling in social networks: illusion or solution?
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Een empirisch en juridisch perspectief op cyberpesten: naar een holistische aanpak
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Zonder tegenspraak : liber amicorum Dirk Voorhoof
Eva Lievens (UGent) , Jan Lippens (UGent) and Katrien Van der Perre (UGent)(2016) 30. -
Is self-regulation failing children and young people? Assessing the use of alternative regulatory instruments in the area of social networks
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
ECtHR confirms and tempers Delfi judgment: operators of Internet portals not liable for dissemination of offending - but not “clearly unlawful” - user comments
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- Journal Article
- A4
- open access
New guidelines on the portrayal of minors in the media
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- Miscellaneous
- open access
Young users, social media and the legal framework: match or mismatch?
(2016) -
- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Minors and the internet
(2015) -
- Miscellaneous
- open access
Auteursrecht... help?! Auteursrecht en portretrecht in het onderwijs
(2015) -
Reclame 3.0: digitaal verstoppertje spelen voor de wetgever
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Playing hide-and-seek? A legal perspective on the complex distinction between commercial and editorial content in hybrid advertising formats
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Audiovisual media content and children: time for a regulatory update?
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Protection of children
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Audiovisueel materiaal op internet
(2015) -
Vrijheid van meningsuiting
(2015) -
- Journal Article
- A4
- open access
Flemish Media Regulator issues its 2014 Report on media concentration
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- Journal Article
- A4
- open access
Brussels court of appeal confirms Flemish council of journalism may issue 'decisions' concerning non-professional journalists
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- Journal Article
- A4
- open access
Flemish Media Regulator clarifies the rules on editorial and commercial content
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- Journal Article
- A4
- open access
Decisions regarding infringements of sponsoring provisions
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- Journal Article
- A4
- open access
Five broadcasters warned for non-compliance with rules on commercial communication on sugary confectionery
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- Journal Article
- A4
- open access
Public broadcaster fined for violations of product placement rules
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Playing hide-and-seek? A legal perspective on the complex distinction between commercial and editorial content in hybrid digital advertising formats
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Minderjarigen, 'oude' en 'nieuwe' media: een blik op de toekomst
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Regulating advertising aimed at children in the digital era: too little, too late or too much, too soon?
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Handboek auteursrecht
(2015) -
Toying with children’s emotions, the new game in town? The legality of advergames in the EU
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Children as social network actors: a European legal perspective on challenges concerning membership, rights, conduct and liability
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'Ik ga akkoord': maar waarmee? Sociale netwerksites en hun algemene voorwaarden
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Sociale media anno 2015: actuele juridische aspecten
Eva Lievens (UGent) , Ellen Wauters, Peggy Valcke and Eva Lievens(2015) -
- Conference Paper
- C1
- open access
AdLit : children's advertising literacy in a new media environment
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- Book Chapter
- open access
Country report Belgium
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Het fenomeen cyberpesten: It’s complicated
(2014) -
- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Cyberpesten: het juridisch kader in Belgie
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Kinderen in/uit beeld: zelfregulering door de pers met een blik naar het buitenland
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Why are Terms of Use so difficult to understand? Reflections on how to optimize transparency for users in Social Networking Sites
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Social Networking Sites’ Terms of Use: addressing imbalances in the user-provider relationship through ex ante and ex post mechanisms
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
A necessary upgrade of Terms of Use: Re-balancing the interests of users and social network providers
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Developing truly participatory policies for Social Networking Sites: Conceptualising the involvement of users and consumer organisations
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Incorporating insights from participatory-policy making and user-centred design for the creation of school anti-(cyber) bullying policies
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- Conference Paper
- C1
- open access
A children’s rights perspective on the responsibility of social network site providers
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Children and peer-to-peer risks in social networks: regulating, empowering or a little bit of both?
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Minderjarigen en het mediarecht
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- Journal Article
- A4
- open access
Flemish media regulator dismisses complaint against stand-up comedy programme
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- Journal Article
- A4
- open access
Flemish Media Regulator fines broadcasters for infringements of commercial communication provisions
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- Journal Article
- A4
- open access
New criminal provisions for online solicitation for sexual purposes and cyberluring
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- Journal Article
- A4
- open access
New act addresses sexism in the public space
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Bescherming van gebruikers van sociale media: juridisch perspectief op algemene voorwaarden van socialenetwerksites
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Towards a better protection of social media users: a legal perspective on the terms of use of social networking sites
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Optimizing transparency for users in social networking sites
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- Journal Article
- A2
- open access
Social networking sites' terms of use addressing imbalances in the user-provider relationship through ex ante and ex post mechanisms
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Bullying and sexting in social networks: protecting minors from criminal acts or empowering minors to cope with risky behaviour?
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Handboek auteursrecht
(2014) -
Independent media regulators: condition sine qua non for freedom of expression?
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- Conference Paper
- C3
- open access
Enforcement of national legislation on global social networks: mission impossible?
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Is self-regulation failing children and young people? Assessing the use of alternative regulatory instruments in the area of social networks
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Terms & conditions in SNS : resistance is futile, you shall comply
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Sociale media: actuele juridische aspecten
Peggy Valcke, Pieter Jan Valgaeren and Eva Lievens (UGent)(2013) -
Risico’s voor jongeren op sociale netwerken bekeken vanuit juridisch perspectief
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Rethinking European broadcasting regulation: the audiovisual media services directive unraveled at the dawn of the digital public sphere
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Over tweeten, followers en friends: juridische kijk op sociale media
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Kinderen, jongeren en sociale media: over risico’s, regelgeving en empowerment
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Legal aspects of cyberbullying in social media
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Minors and social media: between protection and empowerment
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Risk-based regulation in the media sector: to measure is to know
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- Conference Paper
- C1
- open access
Removing and blocking illegal online content: about controversy, censorship and proportionality
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Alternative regulatory instruments versus fundamental rights: match made in heaven or recipe for disaster?
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Regulatory trends in a social media context
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Auteursrecht, vrije meningsuiting en privacy in de weegschaal: geen filtering op sociale netwerken: noot onder EHvJ, Sabam t. Netlog, 16 februari 2012
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Blocking or removing illegal child sexual content: analysis from a technical and legal perspective
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Risk-reducing regulatory strategies for the protection of minors in online social networks
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- Journal Article
- A2
- open access
Risk-reducing regulatory strategies for protecting minors in social networks
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The use of alternative regulatory instruments to protect minors in the digital era: applying freedom of expression safeguards
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How to reconcile the use of alternative regulatory instruments with the legal framework: a case-study of the protection of minors against harmful content
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The potential of co-regulation to address cyberbullying
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Alternative regulatory instruments versus fundamental rights: match made in heaven or recipe for disaster?
(2010) -
Minderjarigen en het mediarecht
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The EU regulatory framework for the internet
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The EU regulatory framework applicable to broadcasting
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Using alternative regulatory instruments to protect minors in media: hit or miss?
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Media law in Belgium
(2010) -
Protecting children in the digital era: the use of alternative regulatory instruments
(2010) -
- PhD Thesis
- open access
Regulatory instruments for content regulation in digital media: a prospective study of the protection of minors against harmful content
(2009) -
Using alternative regulatory instruments to protect minors in media: hit or miss?
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Audiovisueel materiaal op internet
(2009) -
Rethinking European broadcasting regulation: unraveling Europe’s policy for the digital media landscape: critical analysis of the audiovisual media services directive
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Bye-bye journalistieke zelfregulering?
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Jongeren en media: een delicaat evenwicht tussen bescherming en beleving
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Protecting Minors through Video Game Regulation: Which role for Europe and the Member States?
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Contents in Video Games Relevant to the Issue of Protection of Minors
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Communicatierecht
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Constitutional rights and new technologies in Belgium