@article{01KMFZPAJRCBT6C4PPHQC68C4J, abstract = {{This study explores the use of Spanish broom (Spartium junceum) to develop electrospun composite membranes, showcasing the potential of renewable plant waste for producing eco‐friendly, high‐value materials for innovative gravity‐driven water purification. In this sustainable approach, first of all, microcrystalline cellulose and biochar were successfully obtained from this natural source and functionalized using an easy, eco‐friendly, and one‐step synthesis by employing proper precursors and nanomaterials, that is, (3‐mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane, (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, citric acid, β‐Cyclodextrins, and halloysite nanotubes, to prepare green, hybrid, and cross‐linked systems featuring tailored properties. The obtained derivatives were characterized and employed for the further development of eco‐friendly and sustainable poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofiber composites through the electrospinning technique on nonwoven glass microfiber support. After thermal treatment, the membranes displayed enhanced mechanical tensile properties and were tested in a dead‐end filtration cell for the removal of a methylene blue and methyl orange mixed solution, in particular demonstrating high retention and separation performances toward the cationic methylene blue dye. Among all, the PVA@MCC_GPTMS_HNT and PVA@MCC membranes achieved methylene blue retention rates of 93.4% and 79.9%, methylene blue/methyl orange separation efficiencies of 93.5% and 82.1%, and fluxes of 133.7 and 501.7 L m^−2  h^−1, respectively. Moreover, a biochar‐supported nano zero‐valent iron composite was obtained and tested for the removal of MB in batch experiments. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model better describes its sorption behavior with a maximum sorption capacity of 305.65 mg g^1.}}, articleno = {{e70321}}, author = {{Rando, Giulia and Sfameni, Silvia and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Palella, Alessandra and Spadaro, Lorenzo and Riminucci, Alberto and De Clerck, Karen and Plutino, Maria Rosaria}}, issn = {{2575-0356}}, journal = {{ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{biochar,cyclodextrins,electrospun nanofiber,halloysite,microcrystalline cellulose,water filtration,POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) PVA,METHYLENE-BLUE,MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE,REMOVAL,ADSORPTION,BIOCHAR,NANOCRYSTALS,KINETICS,DYES,NANOPARTICLES}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{20}}, title = {{Nanofiber PVA-based membranes incorporating functionalized Spanish broom derivatives for sustainable water purification}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.70321}}, year = {{2026}}, } @article{01KG1VVEYGZMCCKJN5MG894RH4, abstract = {{Smart textiles that passively regulate thermal comfort provide a sustainable alternative to energy-intensive climate control. A promising strategy involves modulating radiative heat transfer by dynamically adjusting surface emissivity, thereby facilitating reversible switching between heat-retentive and heat-dissipative states. Existing systems enable emissivity switching but often need external energy or lack dimensional stability when deformed, which limits wearable applications. Here, a fully passive, autonomously adaptive dynamic emissivity switch textile (DEST) based on a thermo- and humidity-responsive electrospun poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) copolymer is introduced. To ensure robust functionality in humid or aqueous environments, a crosslinkable allyl-functionalized PNIPAM copolymer is synthesized via post-polymerization amidation of a P(NIPAM-co-methyl acrylate) copolymer and processed using a green water-ethanol-based electrospinning technique. Thiol-ene crosslinking produced water-stable, thermoresponsive nanofibers with a transition near skin temperature. For reversible macropore actuation, a dimensionally stable architecture is employed that avoids out-of-plane distortion, achieved through a honeycomb-shaped electrospinning collector and a tailored mechanical cutting pattern. A silver coating imparts the overall infrared (IR) reflectivity, facilitating radiative heat retention when the macropores are closed. The resulting DEST exhibits dual responsiveness to temperature and ambient humidity, enabling passive switching between emissive and reflective states without external energy input, with a approximate to 6 degrees C reversible thermal comfort window.}}, articleno = {{e17161}}, author = {{Loccufier, Eva and Abebe, Muluneh G. and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Meireman, Timo and Kalaoglu Altan, Özlem İpek and Van Guyse, Joachim and Khousakoun, Eric and Gidik, Hayriye and Mohsenzadeh, Elham and Lahem, Driss and Hoogenboom, Richard and Maes, Björn and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0935-9648}}, journal = {{ADVANCED MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{COATINGS,RESISTANCE,MEMBRANES,IMPACT,electrospinning,emissivity,metamaterial design,shape-memory polymer,thermoregulation}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{22}}, pages = {{15}}, title = {{Dimensionally stable nanofibrous nonwoven as a flexible dynamic emissivity switching temperature-regulating material}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202517161}}, volume = {{38}}, year = {{2026}}, } @article{01KMZG561X37GQ17AX82D5SX3H, abstract = {{Melanin pigments are ubiquitous and serve diverse functions, including UV protection and colour production. In vertebrates, they are housed in organelles called melanosomes that typically vary in shape from spherical to rod-like, but can also adopt unusual morphologies, such as flatness or hollowness. For over 50 years, it was thought that melanosome hollowness occurred only in birds and always alongside elongation, where hollow rods or platelets form organized nanostructures that produce brilliant iridescent colours. Here, we present the first description of hollow, spherical melanosomes in mammals, from the hairs of the platypus (Monotremata: Ornithorhynchus anatinus). By contrast, we found no evidence of hollow melanosomes in the other two monotreme genera or in any other mammal so far examined (from a combined dataset of 126 species encompassing 103 genera). These spherical, hollow platypus melanosomes are unique among vertebrates and, surprisingly, only produce brown coloration, suggesting a potential function unrelated to colour or a non-adaptive origin. This finding provides exciting new avenues of research into mammal melanogenesis and the evolution of melanosomes.}}, articleno = {{20250721}}, author = {{Dobson, Jessica Leigh and Babarović, Frane and Xie, Wanjie and Nicolaï, Michaël and Debruyn, Gerben and De Clerck, Karen and Shawkey, Matthew and D'Alba Altamirano, Liliana}}, issn = {{1744-9561}}, journal = {{BIOLOGY LETTERS}}, keywords = {{melanin,hollow melanosomes,mammal coloration,platypus,hair nanostructure,EVOLUTION,MELANIN,PATTERNS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{7}}, title = {{A unique hollow melanosome morphology in the hairs of the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2025.0721}}, volume = {{22}}, year = {{2026}}, } @article{01KAK0QTRC86HRW240M0K5SZN2, abstract = {{Efficient alcohol/water separation is crucial for industrial processes such as process intensification in CO2 hydrogenation but remains challenging due to the strong intermolecular interactions and miscibility between both components. Here, we show that temperature-resistant, stable hydrophobic organosilica nanofiber membranes combined with salting-out enable gravity-driven liquid-liquid separation without external pressure or energy input. We develop a fast pre-functionalization method by sol-gel synthesis of tetraethoxy silane (TEOS) with dimethyldiethoxy silane (DMDES), and compare the performance with a TEOS-based membrane post-functionalized with chloro-octyldimethylsilane (Cl-OdMS). Both membranes show long-term hydrophobic stability (water contact angle >110° for over three months when submerged in water) and robustness against high temperature and alkaline conditions. The membranes act as phase separators that reproduce equilibrium binodal compositions, rather than selective barriers. By exploiting the salting-out effect, the immiscibility window of alcohol/water mixtures was expanded, enabling separation even for fully miscible ethanol/water systems, with K2CO3 the most effective salt. Approximately 97% of added salt remained in the water-rich phase. Separation is also successful for ternary water/ethanol/alcohol mixtures, allowing construction of binodal solubility curves. This work demonstrates an energy-efficient, chemically and thermally robust membrane-based approach for alcohol/water separation in chemical processes.}}, articleno = {{136093}}, author = {{Verschraegen, Sofie and Swanckaert, Bianca and Loccufier, Eva and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1383-5866}}, journal = {{SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{Organosilica nanofiber membranes,Functionalized membranes,(ternary) alcohol/water separation,Wettability,Salting-out,SALTING-OUT,WATER,OIL/WATER,SILICA,WETTABILITY,POLYMERIZATION,EXTRACTION,MECHANISM,SOLVENTS,RECOVERY}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{12}}, title = {{Long-term hydrophobic organosilica nanofiber membranes for gravity-driven alcohol/water separation}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.136093}}, volume = {{382}}, year = {{2026}}, } @article{01HZEYNB2HRCKDYC2R1AR7QSJP, abstract = {{This study investigates the synthesis and performance of polymeric membranes for their potential application in supported liquid membranes (SLM), using the extraction of -methylbenzylamine (MBA), 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine (MPPA), and isopropyl amine (IPA) as a reference. Three synthesis methods — phase inversion, electrospinning, and stretching — were evaluated, each impacting the membrane morphology differently. The polymer selection influenced porosity, wettability, and surface free energy with PTFE exhibiting the highest hydrophobicity. Membrane wettability was assessed using the ionic liquid [P6,6,6,14][N(Tf)2] as the selective extractant, revealing that larger pore sizes enhanced the impregnation efficiency, while reducing the final SLM stability. Solute fluxes and selectivity were quantified; electrospun membranes exhibited higher fluxes, ranging from 1.0 to 1.2 g/(m2h) for MBA, 2.1 to 2.2 g/(m2h) for MPPA, and 0.8 to 1.2 g/(m2h) for IPA, along with a higher selectivity compared to phase inversion membranes, with fluxes ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 g/(m2h) for MBA, 0.2 g/(m2h) for MPPA, and 0.3 to 0.4 g/(m2h) for IPA. Stretched membranes demonstrated a comparable selectivity (MBA/IPA = 2.2, MPPA/IPA = 3.9), but reduced fluxes with increasing pore size, decreasing from 2.7 to 0.5 g/(m2h) for MBA, 4.9 to 0.9 g/(m2h) for MPPA, and 1.2 to 0.3 g/(m2h) for IPA, as the nominal pore size increased from 50 to 450 nm. This phenomenon likely resulted from the improved impregnation efficiency, coupled with a lower porosity and larger thickness in the membranes with larger pores. Overall, the membrane morphology significantly influenced the SLM performance and stability, with homogeneous, porous membranes possessing smaller pore sizes and high hydrophobicity exhibiting optimal characteristics. These findings underscore the critical role of membrane structure and properties in SLM applications.}}, articleno = {{128192}}, author = {{Van Eygen, Gilles and Keuppens, Stijn and De Breuck, Xander and Swanckaert, Bianca and Boura, Patrik and Loccufier, Eva and Kosek, Juraj and Ramasamy, Deepika and Nahra, Fady and Buekenhoudt, Anita and De Clerck, Karen and Van der Bruggen, Bart and Luis, Patricia}}, issn = {{1383-5866}}, journal = {{SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{Polymers,Supported liquid membranes,Extraction technology,IONIC LIQUID,SEPARATION,STABILITY}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{10}}, title = {{Comparison of distinctive polymeric membrane structures as support materials for membrane extraction of chiral amines}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128192}}, volume = {{352}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{01JSXVZBNGDM4GJ5XANRJESTKK, abstract = {{Membrane-based approaches are an exciting alternative for the filtration and remediation of polluted water and for the removal of different traditional and emerging contaminants. This work focuses on the design and development of sustainable bio-polymeric blends based on polyamide 11 (PA11) employed to produce different Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes (ENMs) through the electrospinning process. Moreover, different eco-friendly functional nanofillers based on hybrid halloysite (HNT) derivatives were employed as dopant agents of the starting polymeric blends in a ratio of 1, 2 and 5 wt% of PA11 to achieve better mechanical and thermal features as well as retention performances of specific wastewater organic contaminants. Chemical-physical and structural-morphological characterizations, concerning all the nanofillers and the obtained sustainable membranes, are reported as well as the removal and separation studies of two selected anionic and cationic dyes, methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) in a dead-end filtration apparatus. The newly developed composite ENMs, compared to pristine PA11 ones, show good tensile mechanical and thermal properties, and increased MO and MB removal rates, modulated by the different HNT derivatives employed. Dead-end filtration experiments were performed using 1 and 3 layers of each type of ENM revealing, for 1-layer PA11 ENMs containing HNT modified with octadecylphosphonic acid and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (PA11@C18_HNT_NH2) and dimethyloctadecyl[3(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammoniumchloride (PA11@HNT_N + C18), a selectivity towards the removal of the cationic dye MB with a separation efficiency of 69.8 and 73.3 % respectively. Hence, 3-layer PA11 ENMs doped with HNT functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (PA11@HNT_NH2) display the highest retention rate for MO and MB respectively of 100 and 89.8 %.}}, articleno = {{e01402}}, author = {{Rando, Giulia and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Sfameni, Silvia and De Clerck, Karen and Plutino, Maria Rosaria}}, issn = {{2214-9937}}, journal = {{SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES}}, keywords = {{Hybrid nanomaterials,Halloysite,Sol-gel,polyamide11,Electrospinning,Filtration membranes,Environmental remediation,HALLOYSITE NANOTUBES,NANOCOMPOSITES,PROGRESS,REMOVAL,SOLVENT}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{14}}, title = {{Sustainable functional electrospun polyamide 11/halloysite derivatives nanofibrous membranes for water treatment applications}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01402}}, volume = {{44}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{01JTFJMYP8FT6Z3R5G0RSM3RB0, author = {{Maudens, Yana and Debruyn, Gerben and Loccufier, Eva and Daelemans, Lode and Savino, Erica and Tonetti, Cinzia and Vineis, Claudia and Varesano, Alessio and Shawkey, Matthew and D'Alba Altamirano, Liliana and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{ESEE 2025 : 8th European Symposium on Electrohydrodynamic Atomization and Electrospinning 2025, Book of Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Nicosia, Cyprus}}, pages = {{13--13}}, title = {{Biomimicry of the modular gaseous sorption properties of reptile eggshells via electrospun keratin membranes}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{01JYJZAKHK63JM8GSSH1WYG37F, abstract = {{The growing environmental impact of textile waste, fueled by the rapid rise in global fiber production, underscores the urgent need for sustainable end-of-life solutions. This review explores cutting-edge pathways for textile waste management, spotlighting innovations that reduce reliance on incineration and landfilling while driving material circularity. It highlights advancements in collection, sorting, and pretreatment technologies, as well as both established and emerging recycling methods. Smart collection systems utilizing tags and sensors show great promise in streamlining logistics by automating pick-up routes and transactions. For sorting, automated technologies like near-infrared and hyperspectral imaging lead the way in accurate and scalable fiber separation. Automated disassembly techniques are effective at removing problematic elements, though other pretreatments, such as color and finish removal, still need to be customized for specific waste streams. Mechanical fiber recycling is ideal for textiles with strong mechanical properties but has limitations, particularly with blended fabrics, and cannot be repeated endlessly. Polymer recycling—through melting or dissolving waste polymers—produces higher-quality recycled materials but comes with high energy and solvent demands. Chemical recycling, especially solvolysis and pyrolysis, excels at breaking down synthetic polymers like polyester, with the potential to yield virgin-quality monomers. Meanwhile, biological methods, though still in their infancy, show promise for recycling natural fibers like cotton and wool. When other methods are not viable, gasification can be used to convert waste into synthesis gas. The review concludes that the future of sustainable textile recycling hinges on integrating automated sorting systems and advancing solvent-based and chemical recycling technologies. These innovations, supported by eco-design principles, progressive policies, and industry collaboration, are essential to building a resilient, circular textile economy.}}, articleno = {{628}}, author = {{Seifali Abbasabadi, Mehrdad and Tomme, Brecht and Goshayeshi, Bahman and Mynko, Oleksii and Wang, Yihan and Roy, Sangram and Rohit Kumar, Rohit Kumar and Baruah, Bhargav and De Clerck, Karen and De Meester, Steven and D'hooge, Dagmar and Van Geem, Kevin}}, issn = {{2073-4360}}, journal = {{POLYMERS}}, keywords = {{textile waste,end of life,sustainability,reuse,mechanical recycling,chemical recycling}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{94}}, title = {{Advancing textile waste recycling : challenges and opportunities across polymer and non-polymer fiber types}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/polym17050628}}, volume = {{17}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{01JZHTVH49RDCBMYYFDVQK615P, abstract = {{Biomimicry, the replication of natural structures, is an emerging strategy in materials engineering for developing advanced functional materials. Reptile eggshells serve as compelling models for tunable bioinspired material design due to their diversity in forms and functions. This study presents a modular approach to designing keratin-based composites with customizable vapor sorption behavior. Inspired by reptile eggshells, four key biomimetic components were reconstructed: (1) electrospun keratin membranes resembling the fibrous shell membrane, (2) an egg protein matrix replicating the proteinaceous eggshell matrix, (3) calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles introducing mineralization, and (4) a paraffin coating representing the lipid-rich cuticle layer. The modular accuracy of these biomimetic models was validated by comparison with representative reptile eggshells through Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) analysis confirmed that varying the CaCO3 content allows precise control over the absorption profiles, ranging from low to high sorption values. Additionally, integrating the organic matrix and lipid coating enabled fine-tuning of the sorption properties. The resulting biomimetic composites exhibited sorption characteristics comparable to those of natural eggshells, including Caiman crocodilus (low absorption) and Pantherophis guttatus (high absorption), demonstrating the effectiveness of the modular design strategy. These findings establish a foundation for engineering advanced biocompatible materials with adaptable sorption behavior, offering potential applications in moisture-regulating wound dressings, tissue engineering scaffolds, sustainable packaging, and filtration systems.}}, articleno = {{102032}}, author = {{Maudens, Yana and Debruyn, Gerben and Loccufier, Eva and Daelemans, Lode and Savino, Erica and Tonetti, Cinzia and Vineis, Claudia and Varesano, Alessio and Shawkey, Matthew and D'Alba Altamirano, Liliana and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{2590-0064}}, journal = {{MATERIALS TODAY BIO}}, keywords = {{Modular biomimetic composites,Protein nanofibers,Keratin electrospinning,Tunable vapor sorption,Reptile eggshells,CALCIUM-CARBONATE,WATER RELATIONS,CUTICLE,NANOFIBERS,ARAGONITE,EXCHANGE,LIZARD,VAPOR}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{13}}, title = {{Modular design of biomimetic electrospun keratin composites for tunable gaseous sorption inspired by reptile eggshells}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102032}}, volume = {{33}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{01JS1WW95JRMG3FSS5TMFF9R9T, abstract = {{One of the important microscale properties that determine a composite's performance is the fiber-matrix interface strength. Research has primarily been focused on the interface strength under shear loading, while studies on interface strength under normal loading are limited. Nevertheless, normal loading is very relevant, for example to understand failure mechanisms in 90 degrees plies. Therefore, in this work, we modified a single fiber composite test to a cruciform shape with a thinned middle section to test glass fiber matrix interface properties under normal loading conditions. These specimens allow testing the interface up till the point of failure of the polymer matrix, thus improving over regular cruciform specimens. An in-house designed tensile stage enabled the use of in -situ transmission and reflection microscopy. Insights into the debonding process were obtained over a large fiber length (+/- 10 mm) via the use of a step-and-shoot method. The methodology is applied to a glass fiber with an epoxy compatible and incompatible sizing. It shows that the debonding process can be divided into two partially independent debonding processes (initiation and propagation). The obtained data enabled the construction of a descriptive function for the total debond length of a fiber-matrix interface. This showed that besides a high interface strength, a homogeneous application of the sizing should be aimed to decrease the chances of initiating debonding at lower stresses.}}, articleno = {{111089}}, author = {{Verschatse, Olivier and Nikforooz, Mehdi and De Clerck, Karen and Van Paepegem, Wim and Daelemans, Lode}}, issn = {{0266-3538}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{Cruciform,Fiber-matrix interaction,Debonding,Glass fiber,POLYMER MATRIX,PULL-OUT,MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES,EPOXY INTERFACE,MICROBOND TEST,STRENGTH,TENSILE,FRAGMENTATION,STRESSES,BEHAVIOR}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{12}}, title = {{Analysis of fiber-matrix interface debonding under normal loading using in-situ microscopy and cruciform-shaped single glass fiber composite specimens}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2025.111089}}, volume = {{263}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{01JNZN61RAM5T1F38ZS3YXH2X6, abstract = {{Physical understanding and determination of different analytes without the need for advanced and additional equipment are highly important, which can be achieved by using stimuli-induced chromic materials. Physical and chemical incorporation of responsive chromophores into different polymers results in the fabrication of chromic polymers. Chromic electrospun nanofibers are prepared using the electrospinning technique, and their stimuli-responsivity is improved due to their high surface-to-volume ratio. This Perspective focuses on recent studies and developments on stimuli-induced chromic electrospun nanofibers. Within this Perspective, these nanofibers are divided into different classes of photochromic, thermochromic, electrochromic, mechanochromic, halochromic, solvatochromic, hydrochromic, and ionochromic according to the stimuli to which they respond. In addition, the preparation methods, chromic compounds, electrospinning conditions, response mechanisms, and different applications of chromic nanofibers will be discussed. The main applications of such chromic nanofibers are food packaging sensors, health monitoring sensors, anticounterfeiting materials, ink-free rewritable media, and smart clothing. Several new strategies are also proposed for different applications in future studies. The preparation of multiresponsive nanofibers that combine different chromic properties in a single system and also multifunctional nanofibers that merge stimuli-responsive chromic properties with other smart functionalities can be considered in the future. This Perspective aims to assist researchers and scientists in the preparation and development of new multifunctional chromic electrospun nanofibers for advanced applications, including multimode anticounterfeiting materials, multiresponsive sensors for food packaging, and shape memory-assisted dual-mode encryption of important data.}}, author = {{Razzaghi, Donya and Babazadeh-Mamaqani, Milad and Babaie, Amin and Esmati, Fatemeh and Roghani-Mamaqani, Hossein and Rezaei, Mostafa and De Clerck, Karen and Hoogenboom, Richard}}, issn = {{1944-8244}}, journal = {{ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}}, keywords = {{Smart materials,Chromic polymers,Electrospinning,Chromic nanofibers,Electrospun nanofibers,Smart applications,ELECTROCHROMIC PROPERTIES,COLORIMETRIC SENSOR,WO3,FIBERS,FILMS,MEMBRANES,FABRICATION,BEHAVIOR,FACILE,STRIPS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{4247--4289}}, title = {{Chromic electrospun polymer nanofibers : preparation, applications, and the future}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c17105}}, volume = {{17}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{01KDHZGMEZ1DCARCVJ2BPVHZB2, abstract = {{Hydrothermal ageing can have different effects on the integrity of E-glass fibres and their sizing. In this study, the effect of hydrothermal ageing for different time periods was examined on the tensile strength of E-glass fibres and the interfacial properties of E-glass/epoxy in quasi-static and fatigue loading. For this purpose, single fibre tensile tests, single fibre fragmentation tests and single short fibre composite tests were performed. In particular, quasistatic and fatigue tests were conducted on innovative single short fibre composite specimens to capture the initiation and propagation of debonding cracks. Consequently, hydrothermal ageing had an insignificant effect on the interfacial strength of E-glass/epoxy, whereas it resulted in a detrimental impact on the mixed mode debonding propagation. In this regard, as the fibre off-axis angle approached 90 degrees, substantially longer debonding cracks were captured in aged E-glass/epoxy specimens compared to virgin E-glass/epoxy specimens in both quasi-static and fatigue loading.}}, articleno = {{112649}}, author = {{Nikforooz, Mehdi and Daelemans, Lode and De Clerck, Karen and Van Paepegem, Wim}}, issn = {{1359-8368}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}}, keywords = {{Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs),Debonding,Optical microscopy physical methods of analysis,Fractography,CARBON-FIBER,SINGLE-FIBER,COMPOSITES,STRENGTH,DEGRADATION,ADHESION,WATER}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{13}}, title = {{The effect of hydrothermal ageing on the interfacial bonding of E-glass fibre/epoxy in quasi-static and fatigue loading}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112649}}, volume = {{304}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{01K2MMHARC7E2TCM7PQ45W3QXN, abstract = {{Mesoporous silica thin films are candidates for next-generation dielectric materials due to their potential for control over their texture, high surface area, and good dielectric properties. Further, their dielectric response can potentially be further modified by infiltrating a second phase such as a polymer to produce thin film nanocomposite dielectrics. Despite their potential, uptake of mesoporous silica thin films has been hindered by difficulties in controlling the nanoscale structure and silica texture. We employ advanced characterization and kinetic Monte Carlo modeling to identify critical synthesis parameters governing the mesoporous silica texture. Different degrees of pore ordering can be achieved from quasi-random to highly ordered, eliminating the trial-and-error typically associated with achieving a targeted nanostructure. We then infiltrate semicrystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) and polypropylene into the sub-10 nm pores to completely suppress the formation of crystalline domains in the polymers and produce nanocomposite dielectrics. Polypropylene nanocomposite dielectrics exhibit dielectric constants similar to 20% higher than silica and 125% greater than those of polypropylene. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites exhibit relaxor ferroelectric behavior. These dielectric materials are enabled by controlled, hierarchical design that spans the self-assembly of the silica matrix, tuning of the pore surface chemistry, and modification of the polymer conformations through the resulting quasi-3D nanoconfinement. We believe that these nanocomposites represent a powerful platform for the study of polymers under extreme levels of confinement, as well as a potential platform for next-generation dielectric materials.}}, author = {{Verschraegen, Sofie and Collinson, David W. and Hesse, Sarah A. and Takacs, Christopher J. and De Buysser, Klaartje and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen and Dauskardt, Reinhold H.}}, issn = {{1936-0851}}, journal = {{ACS NANO}}, keywords = {{POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE),CONFINED CRYSTALLIZATION,ISOTACTIC,POLYPROPYLENE,TEMPERATURE,COPOLYMER,NANOCOMPOSITES,BETA,PVDF,INFILTRATION,SPECTROSCOPY}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{27}}, pages = {{25109--25121}}, title = {{Kinetically controlled mesoporous silica films for quasi-3D nanoconfinement of semicrystalline polymers below their lamellae dimensions}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c05114}}, volume = {{19}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{01K9526C4KF9S3R5YABFB5YNV5, author = {{Spalletta, Alexis and Joly, Nicolas and De Clerck, Karen and Dropsit, Sophie and Gosselin, Isabelle and Van Rie, Jonas and Martin, Patrick}}, booktitle = {{XXIII B-MRS Meeting, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Salvador, Bahia, Brazil}}, pages = {{2}}, title = {{Interreg F-W-VL valcelmat project : functionalization of cellulose to produce new high-performance materials}}, url = {{https://www.eventweb.com.br/xxiiisbpmat/home-event/schedule.php?q=karen+de+clerck&area=todas&sessao=todas&tipo=todos#trabalhos}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{01KJA45HTM6VM1J2DSRJ60JK4E, abstract = {{Sol-gel chemistry offers powerful tools for engineering silica-based materials with tunable properties, including organosilica nanofiber membranes that are essential for applications such as chemical sensing, solvent separation, and electrochemical barriers. Despite their potential, the molecular factors that govern electrospinnability remain insufficiently understood. In particular, the complex relationship between hydrolysis kinetics, crosslinking dynamics, and rheological behavior often forces researchers to rely on empirical trial-and-error methods. To address this challenge, we developed a predictive framework for methyltriethoxysilane (MTES)-based sol-gel systems, establishing correlations between viscosity evolution and key structural parameters, such as hydrolysis degree and the distribution of crosslinking functional groups. A comparative analysis with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), a more crosslinkable four-arm precursor, was also conducted. Using ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy and coupled matrix-based Monte Carlo (CMMC) modeling, we extracted Arrhenius parameters for MTES hydrolysis and condensation, which were then applied under non-isothermal conditions simulating electrospinning environments, including solvent evaporation. This allowed us to extract molecular rules defining processing conditions that distinguish between no deposition, electrospraying and electrospinning. To validate the model, we randomly selected three synthesis conditions based on its predictions and tested them experimentally. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging confirmed that the resulting morphologies matched the predicted electrospinnability outcomes, demonstrating the reliability of the molecular rules derived from the model. By identifying molecular thresholds for successful electrospinning, such as siloxane yields and group fractions, this predictive framework provides a rational alternative to experimental trial-and-error, supporting the design of advanced organosilica membranes for sustainable technologies.}}, author = {{Verschraegen, Sofie and Novello, Alice and Loccufier, Eva and Trigilio, Alessandro and De Buysser, Klaartje and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{FEARS 2025 : FEA Research Symposium, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, publisher = {{Ghent University. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture}}, title = {{From sol–gel chemistry to nanofiber membranes : a model-based approach}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17435261}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{01KJ51GN003AP1PVCP9NS80GY3, abstract = {{Sol-gel chemistry offers powerful tools for engineering silica-based materials with tunable properties, including organosilica nanofiber membranes that are essential for applications such as chemical sensing, solvent separation, and electrochemical barriers. Despite their potential, the molecular factors that govern electrospinnability remain insufficiently understood. In particular, the complex relationship between hydrolysis kinetics, crosslinking dynamics, and rheological behavior often forces researchers to rely on empirical trial-and-error methods. To address this challenge, we developed a predictive framework for methyltriethoxysilane (MTES)-based sol-gel systems, establishing correlations between viscosity evolution and key structural parameters, such as hydrolysis degree and the distribution of crosslinking functional groups.1 A comparative analysis with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), a more crosslinkable four-arm precursor, was also conducted. Using ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy and coupled matrix-based Monte Carlo (CMMC) modeling, we extracted Arrhenius parameters for MTES hydrolysis and condensation, which were then applied under non-isothermal conditions simulating electrospinning environments, including solvent evaporation. This allowed us to extract molecular rules defining processing conditions that distinguish between no deposition, electrospraying and electrospinning. To validate the model, we randomly selected three synthesis conditions based on its predictions and tested them experimentally. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging confirmed that the resulting morphologies matched the predicted electrospinnability outcomes, demonstrating the reliability of the molecular rules derived from the model. By identifying molecular thresholds for successful electrospinning, such as siloxane yields and group fractions, this predictive framework provides a rational alternative to experimental trial-and-error, supporting the design of advanced organosilica membranes for sustainable technologies.}}, articleno = {{TEMP103}}, author = {{Novello, Alice and Verschraegen, Sofie and De Clerck, Karen and D'hooge, Dagmar}}, booktitle = {{Annual Meeting of the Belgian Polymer Group 2025, book of abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Houffalize, Belgium}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Model-based molecular rules for electrospinning solutions to deliver well-defined organosilica membranes}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{01JQRG2BWC5BBKN9AJXKAKMY3E, abstract = {{Shelled eggs are key components of animal reproduction on land, evolving independently in distant lineages of terrestrial animals including nematodes, gastropods, annelids, arthropods and chordates. They regulate critical functions such as the exchange of gases between embryo and the environment, desiccation avoidance and protection from harmful radiation, microbial infection and mechanical damage. A core mechanism behind eggshell multifunctionality is the incorporation of minerals (mainly calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate) into the shell. Very little is known about eggshell structure in invertebrates, but some recent pioneer studies have proposed that similar mineralization patterns may have evolved convergently in eggshells of vertebrates, pulmonate gastropods, and stick insects. However, because a detailed characterization of the structural and chemical composition of invertebrate eggshells is not available, it has not been possible to test this hypothesis. Here, we use computed tomography, electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction analyses, atomic force microscopy, spectroscopy and histochemistry to characterize and compare microstructure and chemical composition of snails, insect and vertebrate eggshells. These techniques revealed the universal presence of an organic matrix in mineralized eggshells. However, disparities in the distribution of calcium throughout the shell, crystallographic orientation that appears random in invertebrates (but not vertebrates), and presence of different calcium types including the rare and unstable vaterite highlight divergence whose functional significance should be the subject of future study}}, author = {{Debruyn, Gerben and Choi, Seung and Dobson, Jessica Leigh and Maudens, Yana and De Clerck, Karen and Shawkey, Matthew and Zhang, Shukang and D'Alba Altamirano, Liliana}}, issn = {{1359-6640}}, journal = {{FARADAY DISCUSSIONS}}, keywords = {{AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-CARBONATE,EGG-CAPSULES,MATRIX,ULTRASTRUCTURE,ARCHITECTURE,MEMBRANES,PROTEINS,CHORION,MODEL,LAYER}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{212--230}}, title = {{Convergence in biomineralization patterns across animal eggshells}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1039/d5fd00028a}}, volume = {{261}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{01JRCV45PEF3T562A4JY36C75P, abstract = {{Electrospun, water-stable nanofiber membranes made from hydrophilic, biocompatible poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) networks hold significant promise in biomedical applications, particularly in wound management. However, their mechanical behavior under varying environmental conditions remains poorly understood. This work provides an in-depth analysis of the tensile properties of photo-cross-linked cinnamoyl-modified high-molar-mass PEtOx (PEtOx-Cin) nanofiber membranes with varying ambient humidity, assessing their practical handling prior to application as wound dressings, while exploring their shape memory properties as basis for potential humidity-actuated wound closure. Cinnamoyl modification and cross-linking of PEtOx-Cin mats significantly improve moisture stability, accelerate moisture sorption, and raise the glass transition temperature (Tg) through newly formed covalent intermolecular bonds. At higher relative humidity (%RH) from 25 to 65%RH, moisture sorption induces plasticization, shifting the Tg below room temperature and transforming the membranes from brittle to highly ductile and elastomeric. This glass-to-rubber transition under ambient conditions enables humidity-stimulated shape memory behavior, revealing excellent temporary shape fixity at low humidity and rapid recovery to the original shape upon exposure to high humidity. The presented findings advance the understanding of cross-linked PEtOx-Cin nanofiber membranes, and while further optimization is needed to enhance mechanical stability at high humidity for improved handling, they underscore their unique potential for next-generation wound closure dressings.}}, author = {{Frateur, Olmo and Purino, Martin and Daelemans, Lode and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1944-8244}}, journal = {{ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}}, keywords = {{cinnamoyl,poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline),photo-cross-linking,electrospun nanofiber membranes,humidity-dependent tensile properties,humidity-actuated shape memory}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{16}}, pages = {{24474--24484}}, title = {{Ambient humidity-dependent tensile behavior and shape memory properties of cinnamoyl photo-cross-linked poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) nanofibers}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c03496}}, volume = {{17}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{01JXHMJZD4TXWNG54VJE2GV2AT, abstract = {{Sol-gel chemistry enables the synthesis of silica-based materials with tailored properties, including (organo)silica nanofiber membranes, which are valued for applications in sensors, solvent separation, and electrochemical barriers. Despite this potential, understanding and gearing the molecular parameters governing well-defined sol-gel electrospinnability remains a challenge, often requiring trial-and-error optimization. In this study, we (i) predicted the electrospinnability of methyltriethoxysilane (MTES)-based sol-gel systems by linking the viscosity evolution to key structural network parameters such as the hydrolysis degree and crosslinking functional groups distributions, and (ii) performed a comparative study to the leading building block tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), which is characterized by more crosslinking potential (4 arm TEOS vs 3 arm MTES). Using experimental data and coupled matrix-based Monte Carlo (CMMC) modeling, we determined Arrhenius parameters for MTES hydrolysis and condensation reactions. By applying the Arrhenius parameters to the non-isothermal synthesis conditions for electrospinning, accounting for evaporation, we retrieved molecular rules defining processing conditions, leading to no deposition, electrospraying and electrospinning. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, we confirmed the reliability of these molecular rules by randomly selecting three cases according to the kinetic model providing validation in predicting electrospinnability. Our predictive framework thus identifies molecular requirements for stable electrospinning, reducing reliance on empirical approaches, and facilitating the design of high-performance (organo)silica nanofiber membranes and sustainable applications.}}, articleno = {{164509}}, author = {{Verschraegen, Sofie and Novello, Alice and Loccufier, Eva and Trigilio, Alessandro and De Buysser, Klaartje and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1385-8947}}, journal = {{CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{Structure-property relationships,Crosslinking,Model-based design,Polymerization kinetics,SI-29 NMR,SOL,NANOFIBERS,POLYMERIZATION,METHYLTRIETHOXYSILANE,TETRAETHOXYSILANE,FABRICATION,HYDROLYSIS,RHEOLOGY}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{11}}, title = {{Model-based molecular rules for electrospinning solutions to deliver well-defined organosilica membranes}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.164509}}, volume = {{518}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{01JWZKP23T4TKVTH0WP315NTG1, abstract = {{Alumina nanofibers prepared by electrospinning without polymer additives are presented as a catalyst material for esterification reactions. An optimal synthesis recipe has been determined based on an Al‐alkoxide precursor (aluminum di(sec‐butoxide) acetoacetic ester chelate [ASB]). By using an initial molar composition of 1:3:0.2:0.8 for ASB:ethanol:hydrochloric acid:distilled water, and maintaining a dynamic viscosity between 50 and 150 mPa s, homogeneous alumina nanofibers with excellent thermal resistance are produced. The acidity, as an indicator of catalytic potential, was evaluated using NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption and compared with alternative catalysts of similar chemical nature, including cast alumina, γ‐alumina, and HZSM‐5. Testing of the alumina fibers as a catalyst in an esterification reaction (conversion of n‐pentanol and acetic acid into pentyl acetate) showed catalytic activity with higher conversion than the commercial alternatives. In addition, the reusability of the material was confirmed, thereby highlighting its potential as a highly efficient catalyst.}}, articleno = {{e70007}}, author = {{Li, Minglun and Loccufier, Eva and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Vandevyvere, Tom and Singh, Varun and Sabbe, Maarten and Lauwaert, Jeroen and Poelman, Hilde and Galvita, Vladimir and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0002-7820}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY}}, keywords = {{ceramics,design of experiments,electrospinning,heterogeneous catalysis,high purity alumina,macropores,sol-gel synthesis,GAMMA-ALUMINA,ACETIC-ACID,ADSORPTION,FIBERS,TPD,HYDROLYSIS,MORPHOLOGY,STABILITY,MEMBRANES,ZEOLITES}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{13}}, title = {{One‐step electrospinning of alumina nanofibers to create a competitive esterification catalyst}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/jace.70007}}, volume = {{108}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{01HPKKW4536F09QX221966778V, abstract = {{This paper studies thermomechanical coupling during room-temperature tensile testing of polyamide-6 (PA6) and 50 wt% short glass fibre/PA6. The tests were performed for different fibre angles (0°, 45°, 90°), moisture contents (dry, 50%RH), and strain rates (10^(-4), 10^(-2), 10^(-1) s^(-1)). Digital image correlation (DIC) was coupled with infrared thermography. The contribution of the local strains, strain rates and temperatures to the global mechanical behaviour was investigated throughout deformation. The initial thermoelastic response was used to estimate the coefficient of thermal expansion. In PA6, neck development caused significant self-heating at high strain rates, differently between dry and 50%RH. In glass/PA6, however, temperature rises were always small (< +3 °C) despite local strain rate peaks in the fracture zone. This was ascribed to limited plastic deformation, as confirmed by post-mortem microscopy. The full-field data can be highly valuable for the development of advanced constitutive models for both pure polymer and short fibre composite.}}, articleno = {{108361}}, author = {{Finazzi, Daniele and Sinchuk, Yuriy and Sevenois, Ruben and Daelemans, Lode and De Clerck, Karen and Robert, Gilles and Van Paepegem, Wim}}, issn = {{0142-9418}}, journal = {{POLYMER TESTING}}, keywords = {{Polyamide-6 (PA6),Short fibre-reinforced composites (SFRPs),Tensile tests,Digital image correlation (DIC),Self-heating}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{15}}, title = {{Study of self-heating and local strain rate in polyamide-6 and short fibre glass/polyamide-6 under tension through synchronised full-field strain and temperature measurements}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108361}}, volume = {{132}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{01JDW0BCRZK37JEJ1VBA4BTBPW, abstract = {{Polyamide-6 (PA6) and short glass fibre-reinforced PA6 (GPA6) are increasingly used in structural automotive parts exposed to harsh conditions, respectively as liner in Type IV hydrogen tanks and under-the-hood components near the engine. Safe design requires understanding of their complex mechanical behaviour under the influence of temperature, moisture, and strain rate. Two models often applied in the literature are the temperature-humidity equivalence and the time-temperature superposition (TTS), however their accuracy to describe the full mechanical response is still unclear. By generating high-quality data, this paper conducts a quantitative study of these models on the mechanical response of injection-moulded PA6 and GPA6 with a very high fibre content (50 wt%). The materials were conditioned either dry or at 50%RH. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to measure the glass transition temperature of dry PA6 and 50%RH PA6, and to construct TTS master curves. Tensile tests were then conducted at different combinations of temperature, moisture, and strain rate. Comparison of the tensile true stress-true strain curves revealed that the proposed models fail to capture the effects of the thermal history, which may cause microstructural modifications as demonstrated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The link between DSC, DMA, and tensile data constitutes a novelty of this work and was possible because all the samples had the same hygro-thermal history. Additionally, self-heating of PA6 causes deviations from the TTS at large strains. The results of this study may help develop more accurate material models, ultimately improving the design of structural automotive parts.}}, articleno = {{108653}}, author = {{Finazzi, Daniele and Seychal, Guillem and Raquez, Jean-Marie and Robert, Gilles and De Clerck, Karen and Daelemans, Lode and Van Paepegem, Wim}}, issn = {{0142-9418}}, journal = {{POLYMER TESTING}}, keywords = {{Polyamide-6 (PA6),Short fibre-reinforced polymers (SFRPs),Time-temperature superposition (TTS),Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA),Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),Tensile tests,PLASTIC-DEFORMATION,WATER,TRANSITION,POLYMERS,RELAXATION,BEHAVIOR}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{15}}, title = {{Study of the temperature-humidity equivalence and the time-temperature superposition principle in the finite-strain response of polyamide-6 and short glass fibre-reinforced polyamide-6}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108653}}, volume = {{141}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{01HNZ8NZC5ENVF6C63C1FJNPJC, abstract = {{Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) directly electrospun nanofibrous membranes are well-established for high-demanding applications. However, further expansion and exploitation of these materials require broadening the portfolio of Si-based precursors. In the present work, a part of the Si–O–Si linkages is therefore replaced by terminal groups (Si–R) or bridged organic linkages (Si-R-Si), playing with the inorganic-organic precursor balance considering triethoxymethylsilane (TEOMS), bis(triethoxysilyl)methane (BTESM) or bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE). Both a rheological and kinetic analysis for the sol-gel synthesis of these three precursors is first done in comparison with the TEOS-based reference system, followed by an in-depth study of the electrospinning potential and the resulting organosilica nanofibrous materials properties. The production of the nanofibrous materials is achieved by electrospinning of a partly cross-linked sol-gel system with an optimal initial precursor/H2O/EtOH ratio selecting a sufficiently low temperature. It is demonstrated that the precursor/H2O ratio mainly controls the reactivity of the polycondensation by hydrolysis enhancement, and the precursor/EtOH ratio allows control over the dynamic viscosity due to dilution of the system. Depending on the chemical structure, a different range of workable viscosity conditions is obtained, highlighting the relevance of the construction of structure-property relationships. The rheological and kinetic analysis underpinned the relation of chemistry building blocks and organosilica network synthesis for material applications in general for the first time. Overall, a wide portfolio of membrane properties is reported, including the control over water take-up, acidity and basicity strength, and thermal stability starting from molecular thus chemical variations.}}, articleno = {{101950}}, author = {{Loccufier, Eva and Verschraegen, Sofie and Swanckaert, Bianca and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{2468-5194}}, journal = {{MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY}}, keywords = {{Organosilica nanofibers,Sol-gel synthesis,Electrospinning,Chemical inertness,Wettability control}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{13}}, title = {{A broad spectrum of electrospun organosilica membrane properties by tuning the chemical nature of the precursor building block}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2024.101950}}, volume = {{36}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{01HX9H1DPNFY4XKVNWCZ8ZRB09, abstract = {{Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) is a potent member of the versatile poly(2-oxazoline) polymer platform with its high hydrophilicity that could be beneficial in numerous biomedical applications, especially in the form of a nanofibrous membrane. However, its water-solubility limits its application in situations where a stable, nanofibrous morphology is required in aqueous environments. The present work offers a straightforward route towards water-stable PEtOx-based nanofibrous membranes, via post-polymerization functionalization with cinnamoyl moieties (PEtOx-Cin) and photo-crosslinking of the electrospun membranes. It is shown that a UVB treatment does not significantly affect the nanofibrous morphology, while successfully inducing the cinnamoyl dimerization process and hence the formation of a polymeric network, as evidenced by spectral analysis. The hereby crosslinked PEtOx-based nanofibers exhibit a prolonged water-stability (at least 45 days), while, interestingly, intermediate irradiation times yield the best results. Full disintegration of the photo-crosslinked nanofibers in aqueous media could be achieved by subsequent UVC exposure. This is not only due to decrosslinking of the cinnamoyl dimers, but was also found to be due to partial degradation of the polymeric backbone. The investigation of UVB/UVC exposure on pure PEtOx nanofibrous membranes confirmed the photo-degradation of the polymeric backbone by a significant decrease in molar mass as observed by size exclusion chromatography and supported by spectral analysis. The hereby proposed, straightforward route for reversible crosslinking of PEtOx-based nanofibrous membranes and their accessible disintegration will contribute to the promotion of these materials in biomedical applications where a water-stable, nanofibrous morphology combined with high hydrophilicity and easy removal is required.}}, articleno = {{113076}}, author = {{Frateur, Olmo and Becelaere, Jana and Merckx, Ronald and Van Guyse, Joachim and Purino, Martin and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0014-3057}}, journal = {{EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{Solvent electrospinning,Nanofibers,Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline),Cinnamoyl,Photo-crosslinking,Water-stability,Photo-degradation,CRYSTAL ALIGNMENT PROPERTIES,ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS,PARTIAL HYDROLYSIS,DRUG-DELIVERY,POLY(2-OXAZOLINE)S,LINKING,POLY(2-ETHYL-2-OXAZOLINE),PHOTOREACTIVITY,POLYMERIZATION,NANOPARTICLES}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{16}}, title = {{Development of reversibly photo-crosslinkable water-stable poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) nanofibers via functionalization with cinnamoyl moieties}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113076}}, volume = {{212}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{01J28RPZ13508VRDJ8H14JS2KS, abstract = {{This paper studies thermomechanical coupling during room-temperature tensile testing of polyamide-6 (PA6) and short glass fibre/PA6 (50 wt%). The tests were performed for different dominant angles of the short fibres (0°, 45°, 90°), moisture contents (dry, 50%RH), and strain rates (10 −4 , 10 −2 , 10 −1 s −1). Digital image correlation (DIC) was coupled with infrared thermography. The contribution of the local strains, strain rates and temperatures to the global mechanical behaviour was investigated throughout deformation. The initial thermoelastic response was used to estimate the coefficient of thermal expansion. In PA6, neck development caused significant self-heating at high strain rates, differently between dry and 50%RH. In glass/PA6, however, temperature rises were always small (< +3 °C) despite local strain rate peaks in the fracture zone. This was ascribed to limited plastic deformation, as confirmed by post-mortem microscopy. The full-field data can be highly valuable for the development of advanced constitutive models for both pure polymer and short fibre composite.}}, author = {{Finazzi, Daniele and Robert, Gilles and Daelemans, Lode and De Clerck, Karen and Van Paepegem, Wim}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Composite Materials : volume 3 : material and structural behavior simulation & testing}}, editor = {{Binetruy, Cristophe and Jacquemin, Frédéric}}, isbn = {{9782912985019}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Nantes, France}}, pages = {{122--129}}, publisher = {{The European Society for Composite Materials (ESCM) and the Ecole Centrale de Nantes.}}, title = {{Thermomechanical coupling during tensile testing of PA6 and short fibre glass/PA6}}, url = {{https://eccm21.org/}}, volume = {{3}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{01HTYYQ114XTD4XGJPGBT0QWTA, abstract = {{The continuous development of advanced catalysts to increase process yield and selectivity is crucial. A high specific surface area and a good active phase dispersion are generally essential to create catalytic materials with a large number of active sites. Notably, materials with a fibrous morphology are appealing because of their large surface‐to‐volume ratio and flexibility. This contribution highlights the morphology of different types of fibrous structures currently under investigation, all the way from the nanoscale to the macroscale and back, where the distinction lies in the length and diameter of the fibers, as well as in the connection between the structures. Fibers with at least one submicron to nanoscale characteristic result in a higher yield, but can display practical usability issues when unbound. Therefore, fibrous structure catalysts with a balance between the small diameter and handleability are important for industrial viability. By combining different morphologies, the best of both nanomaterials and macroscopic integer materials can be combined into advanced catalytic materials. This overview showcases the large potential of these materials but makes clear that further research is needed to keep expanding the use and effectiveness of fibrous structures in catalysis.}}, articleno = {{e202301563}}, author = {{Loccufier, Eva and Debecker, Damien P. and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1867-3880}}, journal = {{CHEMCATCHEM}}, keywords = {{Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Catalysis,Fiber-based catalysts,Nanofibers,Porosity,Surface-to-volume ratio}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{14}}, pages = {{12}}, title = {{Fibrous material structure developments for sustainable heterogeneous catalysis : an overview}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.202301563}}, volume = {{16}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{01HEMVT5YQPNE0S9D0E80PSVBM, abstract = {{Highly stable hydrophobic silica-based membranes were successfully fabricated through chemical post-modification of directly electrospun silica nanofibrous membranes. Five different Si-alkoxy chlorides were tried as reagents at room temperature, allowing for an easy two-step production process. Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) was determined as to be the most suitable modifier, for this purpose. The modified membrane exhibits long-term hydrophobicity even under high humidity and water submersion, maintaining this property after exposure to elevated temperatures and acidic conditions, surpassing the unmodified membrane. The separation effectiveness for immiscible water/solvent solutions was proven, followed by an investigation into the relation between the surface tension of some miscible water/solvent solutions and the resulting wetting behavior of the TMCS-modified membrane, to utilize the membrane as a process intensification tool, specifically as a solvent gate.}}, author = {{Li, Minglun and Loccufier, Eva and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{2524-7921}}, journal = {{ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{Polymers and Plastics,Materials Chemistry,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials,Materials Science (miscellaneous),Electrospinning,Nanofibers,silica,Post-functionalization,Hydrophobicity,Separation barrier,WATER,FABRICATION,STABILITY,REMOVAL,FILTRATION,COMPOSITE,MATS,MESH,OIL}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{145--157}}, title = {{Playing with chlorine-based post-modification strategies for manufacturing silica nanofibrous membranes acting as stable hydrophobic separation barriers}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-023-00335-y}}, volume = {{6}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{01JDMEX9K4XKFAQF4PFNVBTN8R, abstract = {{Colours in nature can be pigmentary, structural or a combination of both. The prevalence, function and nanostructural origin of structural coloration in eggs is largely unknown. Stick and leaf insect eggs display a wide variety of colours, most of which are produced by pigments. The eggs of Myronides glaucus (Phasmida: Lonchodidae; Hennemann, 2021), however, show a clear purple to green iridescence. Here, we use micro-spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared reflectance, transmission- and scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, finite-difference time-domain optical simulations and experimental approaches to elucidate the mechanism for iridescence in M. glaucus eggshells, which together reveal that iridescence is caused by thin-film interference by a 200- to 450-nm-thick outermost layer. These results highlight the diversity of phasmid eggs and the need to study the different mechanisms and functions of structural coloration.}}, author = {{Debruyn, Gerben and Büscher, Thies H. and Nicolaï, Michaël and Dobson, Jessica Leigh and Xie, Wanjie and De Clerck, Karen and D'Alba Altamirano, Liliana and Shawkey, Matthew}}, issn = {{0307-6962}}, journal = {{PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY}}, keywords = {{eggs,finite-difference time-domain simulation,iridescence,stick insect,structural coloration,STRUCTURAL COLOR MECHANISMS,BEETLES,PUPAE,SCALE,BIRD}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{88--95}}, title = {{Thin‐film iridescence in the eggshell of a stick insect (Myronides glaucus)}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/phen.12469}}, volume = {{50}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{01J00YG8QZ62HKD34KBPVPS5KP, abstract = {{The amniotic egg fulfils a critical role in reproduction by serving as an interface between the external environment and the embryo. Because non-avian reptiles are rarely incubated, they must be heated by, and absorb water from, the oviposition site for the developing embryo. The mechanisms by which they absorb sufficient, but not excess, water and how these mechanisms vary with local habitat is largely unknown, despite its significance to their evolution. Here, we first performed histology, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic vapor sorption experiments to elucidate the mechanisms of eggshell absorption for 56 reptile species. Then, we used phylogenetic comparative analysis to test the hypothesis that the absorptive capacity of reptile eggshells increases with aridity of the environment. We found that water absorption increases in the presence of a superficial mucopolysaccharide layer and decreases with increased calcium content. We found that eggs from arid environments have highly absorbent eggshells, but only in species with weakly calcified shells. Our results suggest that reptile eggshells have over evolutionary time tuned absorptive capacity to environmental moisture level. Since these eggs often must sustain conflicting constraints, they may serve as inspirations for new biomimetic materials, such as water filtering membranes or humidity sensors.}}, author = {{Debruyn, Gerben and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Schoolaert, Ella and Nicolaï, Michaël and Xie, Wanjie and Wynant, Maarten and Shawkey, Matthew and De Clerck, Karen and D'Alba Altamirano, Liliana}}, issn = {{1540-7063}}, journal = {{INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY}}, keywords = {{AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-CARBONATE,WATER EXCHANGE,EGG,CUTICLE,MICROSTRUCTURE,INCUBATION,EVOLUTION,ARAGONITE,LIZARD,GROWTH}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{107--119}}, title = {{Hydric environment and chemical composition shape non-avian reptile eggshell absorption}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icae040}}, volume = {{64}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{01JS1WW95NEXW8TQ56G5193VPX, abstract = {{This study investigates the effectiveness of polyether block amide (PEBA) thermoplastic elastomeric nanofibers in reducing low-velocity impact damage across three carbon fiber composite lay-up configurations: a cross-ply [0 degrees/90 degrees]2s (CP) and a quasi-isotropic [0 degrees/45 degrees/90 degrees/-45 degrees]s (QI) lay-up utilizing unidirectional plies, and a stacked woven [(0 degrees,90 degrees)]4s (W) lay-up using twill woven fabric plies. The flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of the composites remained unaffected by the addition of nanofibers: around 750 MPa and 63 MPa for CP, 550 MPa and 58 MPa for QI, and 650 MPa and 50 MPa for W, respectively. The incorporation of nanofibers in the interlaminar regions resulted in a substantial reduction in projected damage area, ranging from 30% to 50% reduction over an impact energy range of 5-20 J. Microscopic analysis showed that especially the delamination damage decreased in toughened composites, while intralaminar damage remained similar for the cross-ply and quasi-isotropic lay-ups and decreased only in the woven lay-up. This agrees with the broad body of research that shows that interleaved nanofibers result in a higher delamination resistance due to toughening mechanisms related to nanofiber bridging of cracks. Despite their ability to mitigate delamination during impact, nanofibers showed limited positive effects on Compression After Impact (CAI) strength in quasi-isotropic and cross-ply composites. Interestingly, only the woven fabric composites demonstrated improved CAI strength, with a 12% improvement on average over the impact energy range, attributed to a reduction in both interlaminar and intralaminar damage. This study indicates the critical role of fiber integrity over delamination size in determining CAI performance, suggesting that the delaminations are not sufficiently large to induce buckling of sub-layers, thereby minimizing the effect of nanofiber toughening on the CAI strength.}}, articleno = {{3060}}, author = {{Meireman, Timo and Verboven, Erik and Kersemans, Mathias and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen and Daelemans, Lode}}, issn = {{2073-4360}}, journal = {{POLYMERS}}, keywords = {{damage resistance,electrospinning,residual compressive strength,DELAMINATION,FIBER/EPOXY,BEHAVIOR,INTERLEAVES}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{21}}, pages = {{16}}, title = {{Low-velocity impact resistance and compression after impact strength of thermoplastic nanofiber toughened carbon/epoxy composites with different layups}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/polym16213060}}, volume = {{16}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{01JJPN13AF60WMMS2V3SV7R7M3, abstract = {{The attractive properties of poly(2-alkyl/aryl-2-oxazolines) (PAOx), including good biocompatibility and stealth behaviour, coupled with their structural variability and facile functionalization techniques, have amplified the research interest in this versatile polymer platform, particularly for applications focused in the biomedical field (Hoogenboom 2022; Yang et al. 2023). Notably, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) presents remarkable potential due to its high hydrophilicity in situations where hygroscopic behaviour is desired, as illustrated by ongoing pre-clinical trials on PEtOx-drug conjugates (Moreadith et al. 2017), positioning PEtOx as a commercially competitive alternative to the more established poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). By combining this material with the versatility and scalability of the solvent electrospinning technique, PAOx nanofibrous membranes emerge as an attractive support-material for demanding (biomedical) applications. However, the inherent water-solubility of PEtOx limits its application in situations where a stable, nanofibrous morphology is required in aqueous environments, such as in tissue engineering or wound dressings. The present work offers a straightforward route towards biocompatible, water-stable PEtOx-based nanofibrous membranes, via photo-crosslinking of the electrospun membranes comprising cinnamoyl-bearing PEtOx (PEtOx-Cin). The proposed functionalisation of PEtOx with cinnamoyl moieties entails a two-step process, involving partial hydrolysis of PEtOx to incorporate reactive polyethyleneimine units, followed by cinnamoyl addition. This post-polymerization approach allows for the utilization of large-scale, commercially available materials. After successful synthesis, homogeneous PEtOx-Cin nanofibrous mats are electrospun using only green solvents, in a process similar to that for unmodified PEtOx. It is revealed that a UVB treatment does not significantly affect the nanofibrous morphology, while successfully inducing the cinnamoyl dimerization process and hence the formation of a polymeric network, as evidenced by spectral analysis. Indeed, conversions of up to 95% after 24 h of UVB exposure of 10% functionalised PEtOx-Cin could be reached. The hereby crosslinked PEtOx-based nanofibers exhibit prolonged water-stability (at least 45 days), while, interestingly, intermediate irradiation times (5 h) yield the best results. Full disintegration of the photo-crosslinked nanofibers in aqueous media could be achieved by subsequent UVC exposure. This is not only due to decrosslinking of the cinnamoyl dimers, but also due to partial degradation of the polymeric backbone. Investigation of UVB/UVC exposure on pure PEtOx nanofibrous membranes confirmed the photo-degradation of the polymeric backbone, evidenced by a significant decrease in molar mass as observed by size exclusion chromatography and supported by spectral analysis. The hereby proposed, straightforward methodology for reversible biocompatible crosslinking of PEtOx-based nanofibrous membranes and their accessible disintegration will contribute to advance these materials in biomedical applications necessitating water-stable, nanofibrous morphologies combined with high hydrophilicity and easy removal. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) through a strategic research PhD grant (1S22722N), as well as the Centre for Textile Science and Engineering and the Supramolecular Chemistry group, both at Ghent University. References Hoogenboom, Richard. 2022. “The Future of Poly(2-Oxazoline)S.” European Polymer Journal 179:111521. doi: 10.1016/J.EURPOLYMJ.2022.111521. Moreadith, Randall W., Tacey X. Viegas, Michael D. Bentley, J. Milton Harris, Zhihao Fang, Kunsang Yoon, Bekir Dizman, Rebecca Weimer, Brendan P. Rae, Xiuling Li, Christoph Rader, David Standaert, and Warren Olanow. 2017. “Clinical Development of a Poly(2-Oxazoline) (POZ) Polymer Therapeutic for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease – Proof of Concept of POZ as a Versatile Polymer Platform for Drug Development in Multiple Therapeutic Indications.” European Polymer Journal 88:524–52. Yang, Liuxin, Faming Wang, Pengfei Ren, Tianzhu Zhang, and Qianli Zhang. 2023. “Poly(2-Oxazoline)s: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications.” Macromolecular Research 2023 31:5 31(5):413–26. doi: 10.1007/S13233-023-00116-X.}}, author = {{Frateur, Olmo and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{8th International Conference on Electrospinning, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Kraków, Poland}}, pages = {{95--95}}, title = {{Cinnamoyl functionalization and photo-crosslinking of PEtOx-based nanofibres to obtain aqueous stability}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{01HX75FB27ARZCM04678FF34G9, abstract = {{In short fibre composites, debonding cracks usually initiate from fibre tips and their growth is governed by the properties of the fibre/matrix interface. These properties are ideally acquired from a model test similar to the real composite, while excluding the effects of fibre fractures and the induced debonding interactions. Therefore, in this study, debonding growth was examined in detail, using novel single short fibre specimens, which were fabricated using a new methodology. These experiments were further complemented with a continuous fibre case study, where the established single fibre fragmentation specimens were evaluated. The progression of debonding and pull-out damages versus remote stress was studied for two fibre sizings utilizing real-time in-situ polarized light microscopy. A finite element model was built to obtain the fibre/matrix interfacial fracture toughness considering thermal residual stresses, friction and matrix plasticity, and a very good correlation was obtained between the model and the experiments.}}, articleno = {{108435}}, author = {{Nikforooz, Mehdi and Verschatse, Olivier and Daelemans, Lode and De Clerck, Karen and Van Paepegem, Wim}}, issn = {{0142-9418}}, journal = {{POLYMER TESTING}}, keywords = {{Polymer-matrix composites,Interface,Debonding,Mechanical testing,Polarized light microscopy,Finite element analysis}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{15}}, title = {{Mixed experimental-numerical method for quantitative measurement of mode II fibre/matrix interface debonding and comparison of fibre sizings in single short fibre composites}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2024.108435}}, volume = {{134}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{01HX74Q9CWJD0E3V5H4GST2CT7, abstract = {{In short fibre composites, off-axis fibres are potentially subject to mixed-mode loading, which results in interactive debonding growth in opening and sliding modes. This synergy might differ for strong and weak fibre/ matrix bondings inducing discrete debonding patterns. This study employed an optical visualization technique to investigate, for the first time, the mixed-mode debonding growth for short fibres with different sizings and offaxis angles, through in-situ real-time measurements. For this purpose, embedded single short-fibre specimens were fabricated using E-glass fibres and an epoxy matrix, with a novel and more efficient manufacturing method than done so far in literature. E-glass fibres with two different sizings were utilized, including a polypropylenecompatible (weak) sizing and an epoxy-compatible (strong) sizing. While there was a relatively rapid debonding growth for the transverse fibres with the weak sizing, the strong sizing experienced a gradual debonding growth independent of the fibre angle. For the weak sizing, partial debonding cracks were initiated at different locations along the length of the fibres, where they coalesced into dominant debonding cracks. For the strong sizing, debonding was always initiated and localized at the fibre tip, and there was a clear synchronous propagation of debonding in the arc and length of the fibre.}}, articleno = {{110488}}, author = {{Nikforooz, Mehdi and Verschatse, Olivier and Daelemans, Lode and De Clerck, Karen and Van Paepegem, Wim}}, issn = {{0266-3538}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{Short-fibre composites,Debonding,Fibre/matrix bond,Interface,Optical,microscopy,FRAGMENTATION TEST,DAMAGE MECHANISMS,NORMAL STRENGTH,MATRIX,INTERFACE,FAILURE,ADHESION,BEHAVIOR}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{15}}, title = {{Experimental method for in-situ real-time measurement of mixed mode fibre/matrix interface debonding and comparison of fibre sizings in single short fibre composites}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110488}}, volume = {{249}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{01JS1VF9HWG31C9HNEBK37W6F6, author = {{Verschatse, Olivier and Nikforooz, Mehdi and De Clerck, Karen and Van Paepegem, Wim and Daelemans, Lode}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Composite Materials}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Nantes, France}}, pages = {{175--181}}, title = {{Fiber-matrix debonding behavior using in-situ electron and light microscopy during mechanical testing}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.60691/yj56-np80}}, volume = {{4}}, year = {{2024}}, } @article{01JAFVP59BHK4BMNWMSZBHSRQ9, abstract = {{Within the nanofiber field, cross-linked nanofiber networks have attracted a great deal of attention due to their remarkable properties. Compared to conventional fibrous structures, nanofibers are lightweight materials with small diameters, high porosity, controllable pore structures, and a high surface-to-volume ratio. To this end, cross-linking ensures solvent stability, making them ideal for various applications in which solvent contact or humid environments are prerequisites. This review aims to highlight the potential of nanofiber networks beyond their solvent resistivity by emphasizing the chemical reactivity of such novel systems and constructs. To this end, an overview of approaches for the preparation of a reactive nanofibrous network is presented, including the most recent (versatile) functional nanofiber reactive networks.}}, author = {{Merckx, Ronald and Dhaware, Vinita and Leiske, Meike and De Clerck, Karen and Hoogenboom, Richard}}, issn = {{0897-4756}}, journal = {{CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{PHOTO-CROSS-LINKING,ELECTROSPUN GELATIN NANOFIBERS,PH-RESPONSIVE NANOFIBERS,CLICK CHEMISTRY,BIOMOLECULAR IMMOBILIZATION,BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS,RADICAL POLYMERIZATION,BLOCK-COPOLYMERS,FABRICATION,FIBERS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{19}}, pages = {{9189--9206}}, title = {{Reactive nanofiber networks from a chemistry perspective}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00277}}, volume = {{36}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{01JJKZHBVQ7QDHJ5XQEG5G7PG4, author = {{Verschraegen, Sofie and Loccufier, Eva and De Keer, Lies and Van Steenberge, Paul and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen and D'hooge, Dagmar}}, booktitle = {{8th International Conference on Electrospinning, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Krakow, Poland}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Silica nanofiber membranes : the role of sol-gel crosslinking kinetics}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{01JHSWANJ3ACGR909MTBTNAAMR, abstract = {{Polymer networks play an indispensable role in advancing next-generation materials. The design of such large-scale chemical entities is challenging, primarily hindered by the limited comprehension of the effect of reaction conditions on the final macroscopic properties of polymer gels and their product performance due to a lack of proper characterization tools for such complex topologies. Our research group has developed a combined kinetic Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics tool that accounts for kinetics, thermodynamics, and topological features of the formed polymeric networks. By employing this in silico-based characterization tool, we can thoroughly examine the structural evolution of individual macromolecules/segments throughout network formation. This facilitates the fundamental insight into structure-property relationships, bridging the molecular and material scales, and enables the development of synthesis protocols toward maximal material performance. In this work, experimental studies into the synthesis, material characterization, and practical application level of organosilica networks demonstrate the high validation potential of this advanced tool. One notable application is the sol-gel-based synthesis of organosilica networks for electrospinning highly resistant filtration membranes. These membranes show promise in various applications, including gravity-driven separation of heterogeneous azeotropes and ion-exchange processes}}, articleno = {{P2464}}, author = {{Loccufier, Eva and Trigilio, Alessandro and Verschraegen, Sofie and De Buysser, Klaartje and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{PPI 2024 : International Conference on Polymer Process Innovation, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Molecular design, material performance and the application potential in polymer network research}}, url = {{https://www.ppiconference.eu/_files/ugd/ce98f1_73c8edc7a33b41d38c8dd3c50d0748c8.pdf}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{01JHJEW8C4F62BK6WN98QKPSQ4, abstract = {{Network materials are important both in nature and in the field of synthetic chemistry. Depending on the chemistry, the degree or order of the molecular build-up of the network is altering, affecting the macroscopic properties. In this work, a generic framework is presented that enables an unprecedented quantification of polymer network synthesis at the molecular scale based on matrix-based kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The framework enables obtaining the 3D molecular structure of the network at any synthesis time as well as hard-to-access molecular descriptors such as the molecular pore size distribution. The experimental validation of the framework is illustrated in this work by combining the coupled matrix-based Monte Carlo modeling with 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to capture the crosslinking kinetics of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). By developing a dedicated 29Si NMR protocol, the chemical kinetics of the reactions can be understood by reporting the Arrhenius parameters for the most important reactions for the TEOS crosslinking with hydrochloric acid (HCl) as reference case. Moreover, these Arrhenius parameters are used to better understand the non-isothermal kinetics}}, author = {{Verschraegen, Sofie and Trigilio, Alessandro and Edeleva, Mariya and Loccufier, Eva and De Keer, Lies and Reyes Isaacura, Pablo and De Buysser, Klaartje and Van Steenberge, Paul and De Clerck, Karen and Dauskardt, Reinhold and D'hooge, Dagmar}}, booktitle = {{Macromolecular Chemistry & Soft Matter Connects Symposium 2024, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Aachen, Germany}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Integrating 29Si NMR and kinetic Monte Carlo modeling to capture (in)organic polymer crosslinking kinetics}}, url = {{https://www.dwi.rwth-aachen.de/en/page/macromolecular-chemistry-soft-matter-connects}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{01J9VB92A4KD7C84Q3PNWAJ9ZK, abstract = {{Polymer networks play an indispensable role in advancing next-generation materials. The design of such large-scale chemical entities is challenging, primarily hindered by the limited comprehension of the effect of reaction conditions on the final macroscopic properties of polymer gels and their product performance due to a lack of proper characterization tools for such complex topologies. Our research group has developed a combined kinetic Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics tool that accounts for kinetics, thermodynamics, and topological features of the formed polymeric networks. By employing this in silico-based characterization tool, we can thoroughly examine the structural evolution of individual macromolecules/segments throughout network formation. This facilitates the fundamental insight into structure-property relationships, bridging the molecular and material scales, and enables the development of synthesis protocols toward maximal material performance. In this work, experimental studies into the synthesis, material characterization, and practical application level of organosilica networks demonstrate the high validation potential of this advanced tool. One notable application is the sol-gel-based synthesis of organosilica networks for electrospinning highly resistant filtration membranes. These membranes show promise in various applications, including gravity-driven separation of heterogeneous azeotropes and ionexchange processes.}}, author = {{Loccufier, Eva and Trigilio, Alessandro and Verschraegen, Sofie and De Buysser, Klaartje and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Macromolecular Chemistry & Soft Matter Connects Symposium 2024, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Aachen, Germany}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Bridging scales from molecular design to material performance and application potential in polymer network research}}, url = {{https://www.dwi.rwth-aachen.de/en/page/macromolecular-chemistry-soft-matter-connects}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{01J9V8X9EKBJJXQ60QCW5756YN, abstract = {{Network materials are important both in nature and in the field of synthetic chemistry. Depending on the chemistry, the degree or order of the molecular build-up of the network is altering, affecting the macroscopic properties. In this work, a generic framework is presented that enables an unprecedented quantification of polymer network synthesis at the molecular scale based on matrix-based kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The framework enables obtaining the 3D molecular structure of the network at any synthesis time as well as hard-to-access molecular descriptors such as the molecular pore size distribution. The experimental validation of the framework is illustrated in this work by combining the coupled matrix-based Monte Carlo modeling with 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to capture the crosslinking kinetics of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). By developing a dedicated 29Si NMR protocol, the chemical kinetics of the reactions can be understood by reporting the Arrhenius parameters for the most important reactions for the TEOS crosslinking with hydrochloric acid (HCl) as reference case. Moreover, these Arrhenius parameters are used to better understand the non-isothermal kinetics utilized to synthesize sol/gel-like precursor solutions. Successful model validation under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions is demonstrated, unlocking the door to a better understanding of TEOS crosslinking kinetics and associated material properties.}}, author = {{Verschraegen, Sofie and Trigilio, Alessandro and Edeleva, Mariya and Loccufier, Eva and De Keer, Lies and Reyes Isaacura, Pablo and De Buysser, Klaartje and Van Steenberge, Paul and De Clerck, Karen and Dauskardt, Reinhold and D'hooge, Dagmar}}, booktitle = {{Annual Meeting of the Belgian Polymer Group (BPG 2024), Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Blankenberge, Belgium}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Unveiling (in)organic polymer crosslinking kinetics through 29si NMR and kinetic Monte Carlo modeling}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{01JHQNV8627WFA9YP4942R9H7P, abstract = {{Eggs are multifunctional structures that enabled vertebrates to colonize the land millions of years ago. Life on Earth imposes a series of environmental challenges on eggs, often presenting conflicting or contradicting demands. For example, eggs must be crack-resistant yet allow breakage from the inside, be impermeable to bacteria yet breathable and in some cases allow water absorption. Eggshells also offer protection from harmful radiation while allowing some light transmission. As a result, they have evolved into multifunctional systems with extraordinary properties, including unique combinations of high flexibility and strength, strong water absorption and antimicrobial filtration. Biomimicking of these natural structures could lead to the development of new materials with advanced properties for filtration/separation technology, sensors and biomedical applications. Through chemical and physical analysis of sixty-two reptile eggshells (Debruyn et al., 2024), the key structural components - namely a proteinaceous layer (primarily keratin) and an inorganic calcium carbonate component - were identified and used to develop biomimicry models. The non-woven layer of proteinaceous fibers closely resembles randomly oriented nanofibrous membranes produced via solvent electrospinning. Hence, keratin, extracted through a sulphitolysis process, was electrospun from formic acid. A subsequent heat treatment ensured crosslinking of residual amine and carboxyl groups in the keratin chains, imparting hydrophobicity and improved water stability to the nanofibrous membranes. To further approximate the eggshell’s inner proteinaceous layer, the keratin nanofibers were embedded in an egg white matrix using a dip-coating procedure. The mineral component, typically found in Testudines and Crocodylia eggshells, was mimicked by depositing calcium carbonate particles onto the keratin-based membranes. This biomimetic approach paves the way for the production of multifunctional, biocompatible keratin-based membranes tailored to the specific needs of various end-applications such as filtration membranes, wound dressings, smart textiles, etc.}}, author = {{Maudens, Yana and Debruyn, Gerben and Loccufier, Eva and Tonetti, Cinzia and Vineis, Claudia and Varesano, Alessio and D'Alba Altamirano, Liliana and Shawkey, Matthew and Daelemans, Lode and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{2024 FEA Research Symposium, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, title = {{Biomimicry of reptile eggshells based on electrospun keratin membranes}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15076977}}, year = {{2024}}, } @inproceedings{01HP44SV8Z604P15WZ6N79V9M4, abstract = {{This meeting is the report of the European Childhood Obesity Group 32nd Annual Congress in Albena (Bulgaria), taking place from the 7th to the 9th of September 2023.}}, author = {{De Spiegeleer, Margot and Plekhova, Vera and De Windt, Kimberly and De Graeve, Marilyn and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Gies, Inge and De Henauw, Stefaan and De Clerck, Karen and Vanhaecke, Lynn}}, booktitle = {{ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM}}, issn = {{0250-6807}}, keywords = {{Nutrition and Dietetics,Medicine (miscellaneous)}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Albena, Bulgaria}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{385--386}}, publisher = {{S. Karger AG}}, title = {{Metabotyping children using rectal MetaSAMP®-LA-REIMS : the MetaBEAse cohort}}, url = {{https://karger.com/anm/article/79/4/381/862140/The-32nd-Annual-Conference-of-ECOG-Albena-Bulgaria}}, volume = {{79}}, year = {{2023}}, } @inproceedings{01HN2JS3RT2ZA4MECZV5G1SQB2, author = {{Verschraegen, Sofie and Loccufier, Eva and De Keer, Lies and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Van Steenberge, Paul and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen and D'hooge, Dagmar}}, booktitle = {{ACS Fall 2023, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{San Francisco, USA (hybrid)}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Combining 29Si NMR and kinetic Monte Carlo modeling to capture tetraethyl orthosilicate crosslinking kinetics}}, year = {{2023}}, } @inproceedings{01HHKSJAXKY6K53AREEXFV198F, abstract = {{Unfortunately, approximately 40% of all marketed drugs and over 90% of medicines in development suffer from poor aqueous solubility and hence limited bioavailability upon oral administration. This critical, current challenge in pharmaceutics has led to an increased interest in advanced aqueous solubility-enhancing strategies, with the formulation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) as one of the most promising routes. Here, the active pharmaceutical ingredient is ideally molecularly dispersed in a polymeric carrier, hence increasing its chemical potential with respect to its highly stable crystalline counterpart and improving the thermodynamic driving force for dissolution in the gastrointestinal fluids. Nonetheless, the amount of marketed ASDs is still limited, as many ASDs lack physical stability due to their amorphous nature, and recrystallization to their less soluble state during production, downstream processing, storage, and dissolution often limits the applicability. In this research, an important step is taken towards the bioavailability improvement of poorly water-soluble drugs through the formulation of stable ASDs, with flubendazole (FBZ), itraconazole (ITC), mebendazole (MBZ), and celecoxib (CCX) as known Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II model compounds. Solvent electrospinning of a working solution of the drug and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) is put forward, because of the extremely fast solvent evaporation, which freezes the API in the polymeric carrier in a highly homogeneous manner. This work demonstrates the viability and broad applicability of this strategy to produce stable nanofibrous ASDs with ultrahigh drug loadings (up to 55, 60, 70, and 80 wt% for FBZ, ITC, MBZ, and CCX, respectively) and long-term stability (at least one year). Importantly, at such high drug loadings, lowering the concentration of the polymer in the electrospinning solution below the concentration where it can be spun in the absence of the drug is essential, as the interactions between the polymer and the drug result in an increased solution viscosity. A combination of experimental analysis and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that this formulation strategy provides strong, dominant, and highly stable hydrogen bonds between the polymer and the drug, which is crucial to obtain the high drug loadings and to preserve the long-term amorphous character of the ASDs upon storage. In vitro drug release studies confirm the remarkable potential of this electrospinning formulation strategy by significantly increasing drug solubility values (e.g. up to 50 times for ITC after 5 hours) and dissolution rates, even after one-year storage of the formulations (as tested for FBZ).}}, articleno = {{SB09.08.09}}, author = {{Frateur, Olmo and Becelaere, Jana and Vervaet, Chris and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{2023 MRS Fall Meeting & Exhibit, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Boston, Massachusetts, USA + Virtual}}, pages = {{SB09.08.09:1000--SB09.08.09:1001}}, publisher = {{Materials Research Society (MRS)}}, title = {{Increasing aqueous drug solubility by solvent electrospinning of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) based stable amorphous solid dispersions with high drug loading}}, url = {{https://www.mrs.org/meetings-events/fall-meetings-exhibits/2023-mrs-fall-meeting/symposium-sessions#program}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{01HA25M3577S3JXMWKYCTN1GGJ, abstract = {{In this work, the feasibility of ultra-high drug loaded amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) for the poorly soluble itraconazole, mebendazole and celecoxib via solvent electrospinning in combination with poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and fenofibrate in combination with polyvinylpyrrolidone is demonstrated. By lowering the polymer concentration in the electrospinning solution below its individual spinnable limit, ASDs with a drug content of up to 80 wt% are obtained. This is attributed to drug-polymer interactions not being limited by default to hydrogen bonds, as also Van der Waals interactions can result in high drug loadings. The theoretically predicted miscibility by the Flory-Huggins theory is corroborated by the experimental findings based on (modulated) differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction. Globally, the maximally obtained amorphous drug loadings are higher compared to the loadings found in literature. Additionally, non-sink dissolution tests demonstrate an increase in solubility of up to 50 times compared to their crystalline counterparts. Moreover, due to the lack of precipitation biocompatible PEtOx succeeds in stabilizing the dissolved drug and inhibiting its instant precipitation. The current work thus demonstrates the broader applicability of the electrospinning technique for the production of physically stable ASDs with ultra-high drug loadings, a result which has been validated for several Biopharmaceutics Classification System class II drugs.}}, author = {{Becelaere, Jana and Frateur, Olmo and Schoolaert, Ella and Vanhoorne, Valérie and D'hooge, Dagmar and Vervaet, Chris and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0168-3659}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE}}, keywords = {{Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs),Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx),Solvent electrospinning,Solubility enhancement,Poorly soluble drugs,Flory-Huggins}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{268--277}}, title = {{Solvent electrospinning amorphous solid dispersions with high itraconazole, celecoxib, mebendazole and fenofibrate drug loading and release potential}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.054}}, volume = {{362}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{01H815QS3246S1CHZTW91J8HVX, abstract = {{Electrospun silica nanofiber membranes show a high potential in many advanced environmental applications. However, little is known about their mechanical performance which could be a limiting factor for further innovation. It is shown in this work that silica nanofiber membranes have a completely different deformation behavior compared to conventional polymeric/thermoplastic nanofiber membranes, resulting from their significant differences in chemical and physical properties such as fiber interactions and porosity. Furthermore, storage at room temperature initiates remarkable changes in failure mechanisms, depending on the storage humidity, which can be accelerated via a thermal treatment. These changes are linked to the structural changes of the membrane resulting from its chemical reactivity towards moisture in the air. Additional interactions and crosslinks are observed, leading to fiber shrinkage and rearrangement. As a result, more contact points are created between nanofibers, creating additional friction forces and, as such, a complete shift in mechanical properties towards a stronger, stiffer, and more brittle material (tensile strength of 14.0 ± 3.8 MPa vs. 3.1 ± 0.4 MPa and failure strain of 0.9 ± 0.2% vs. 24.2 ± 1.0%). The silica nanofiber membranes thus allow mechanical tunability via altering the storage or treatment conditions.}}, author = {{Swanckaert, Bianca and Verschatse, Olivier and Loccufier, Eva and De Buysser, Klaartje and Daelemans, Lode and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0272-8842}}, journal = {{CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL}}, keywords = {{Materials Chemistry,Surfaces, Coatings and Films,Process Chemistry and Technology,Ceramics and Composites,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials,Silica nanofiber membranes,Electrospinning,Deformation behavior,Dynamic}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{20}}, pages = {{33305--33315}}, title = {{Chemical and structural induced ductile-to-brittle transition in electrospun silica nanofiber membranes}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.08.041}}, volume = {{49}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{01GRR1T4AEYTVZH7BR3VHVQZ6Y, abstract = {{Textile products are composed of various blends of synthetic or natural polymers. Elastane increases the functionality during use phase, but impedes high quality recycling. This study investigates the selective chemical dissolution of elastane from blended textile. Hansen solubility parameters and COSMO-RS were applied for solvent screening. The most recommended biobased solvents were experimentally validated with polyester, polyamide, cotton, wool and elastane for which solubility limits were determined and hence, their selectivity towards elastane dissolution. A TGA-corrected gravimetric method was developed as quantification tool and showed that tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and ɣ-valerolactone have comparable elastane dissolution capabilities to classical solvents (5 mg elastane/g solvent). Polyester/elastane and polyamide/elastane blends were subjected to this process as case studies. The LCA study showed that this selective solvent-based dissolution process saves 60% CO2-eq./kg textile waste compared to incineration. This interdisciplinary work can set the benchmark for further developing and upscaling physical/dissolution recycling processes for blended textiles.}}, articleno = {{106903}}, author = {{Phan, Kim and Ügdüler, Sibel and Harinck, Lies and Denolf, Ruben and Roosen, Martijn and O'Rourke, Galahad and De Vos, Dirk and Van Speybroeck, Veronique and De Clerck, Karen and De Meester, Steven}}, issn = {{0921-3449}}, journal = {{RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING}}, keywords = {{Textile,Recycling,Polymers,COSMO-RS,TGA,solvent,IONIC LIQUIDS,SOLUBILITY PARAMETERS,CELLULOSE,FABRICS}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{15}}, title = {{Analysing the potential of the selective dissolution of elastane from mixed fiber textile waste}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.106903}}, volume = {{191}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{01HMXJ84F1Z7V71KJMX1APM5EF, abstract = {{Colour is often not a static trait but can change over time either through biotic or abiotic factors. Humidity-dependent colour change can occur through either morphological change (e.g. to feather barbules in birds) or by the replacement of air bywater causing a shift in refractive index, as seen in arthropod multi-layer cuticles or scales. The scaled springtail Lepidocyrtus cyaneus has scales that produce colour largely via thin film interference from their lamina. We observed a marked colour change from golden to violet/purple coloration in humid conditions. Light microscopy, micro-spectrophotometry, contact angle goniometry and optical modelling indicate that the formation of a thin film of water on top of the hydrophilic scales increases their laminar thin film thickness, causing a shift towards violet/purple colour. Evaporation of thewater film causes the metallic golden colour to return. This constitutes a remarkably rapid colour change (in the order of seconds), only limited by the speed of water film condensation and evaporation, that may serve as inspiration for new dynamically coloured materials and sensors.}}, articleno = {{20230228}}, author = {{Vanthournout, Bram and Janssens, Frans and Debruyn, Gerben and Mertens, Johan and De Clerck, Karen and D'Alba Altamirano, Liliana and Shawkey, Matthew}}, issn = {{1742-5689}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE}}, keywords = {{Biomedical Engineering,Biochemistry,Biomaterials,Bioengineering,Biophysics,Biotechnology,Collembola,humidity-dependent colour,change,scale,spectrophotometry,optical modelling,MORPHOLOGY,SPIDERS,CUTICLE}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{207}}, pages = {{8}}, title = {{Rapid and reversible humidity-dependent colour change by water film formation in a scaled springtail}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2023.0228}}, volume = {{20}}, year = {{2023}}, } @inproceedings{01GS5ZAXPVP643BB9BXQQ6BMWH, author = {{De Spiegeleer, Margot and Plekhova, Vera and De Graeve, Marilyn and Gies, Inge and De Clerck, Karen and Vanhaecke, Lynn}}, booktitle = {{BeSOMS-BASO Winter Symposium 2023, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Waerboom, Groot-Bijgaarden}}, pages = {{2}}, title = {{Point-of-care applicable metabotyping using MetaSAMP®-LA-REIMS : Metabolomics research on Early Metabolic Disease (MetaBEAse) cohort}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{01HV9GYYHNTRVD30F15P8K01F5, abstract = {{Global food waste is a cross-cutting issue that ranges from agricultural production to storage in households and leads to the loss of one-third of produced food products. Although the currently depicted static expiry, best-by, and due-by dates provide accurate information on when to consume the food product, these time indications are only valid under ideal storage conditions. Therefore, there is a stringent need for easy-to-use sensor applications that allow continuous monitoring of food freshness. This work showcases a straightforward and effortless approach to obtain highly porous cross-linked water-stable and reactive hydrophilic nanofiber membranes based on electrospinning of poly(2-isoproprenyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPOx) with succinic acid as the cross-linker. Subsequent thermal treatment of the produced succinic acid-containing PiPOx nanofiber networks generated sufficient cross-linking to preserve the fibrous morphology in an aqueous environment while retaining the hydrophilic character of the scaffold. The remaining 2-oxazoline side chains of PiPOx are stable at room temperature but provide reactivity for post-cross-linking modification with carboxylic acid-containing compounds, as exploited here for continuous food monitoring by incorporating acid-functionalized dyes to yield a colorimetric sensor for biogenic food spoilage indicators, such as thiol- and amine-containing small molecules.}}, author = {{Merckx, Ronald and Becelaere, Jana and Schoolaert, Ella and Frateur, Olmo and Leiske, Meike and Peeters, Daniël and Jerca, Adriana and Jerca, Valentin-Victor and De Clerck, Karen and Hoogenboom, Richard}}, issn = {{0897-4756}}, journal = {{CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS,POLYMERIC NANOFIBERS,BENDING INSTABILITY,TIME-TEMPERATURE,AQUEOUS-SOLUTION,BIOGENIC-AMINES,LINKING,QUALITY,PH,POLY(2-ISOPROPENYL-2-OXAZOLINE)}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{17}}, pages = {{7079--7093}}, title = {{Poly(2-isoproprenyl-2-oxazoline)-based reactive hydrophilic cross-linked nanofiber networks as the basis for colorimetric continuous meat freshness monitoring sensors}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01355}}, volume = {{35}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{8768522, abstract = {{An important challenge in the valorization of CO2 and H2 into fuels is the development of a stable, reusable and easy to handle heterogeneous catalyst. Here, a silica nanofibrous membrane is investigated as carrier for Ru nanoparticles, themselves encapsulated inside the metal organic framework (MOF) Cr-MIL-101. The catalytic membrane is investigated for the Sabatier methanation reaction. The direct electrospinning of a tetraorthosilicate (TEOS) sol results in a highly thermal resistant silica nanofibrous structure (up to 1100 degrees C) with pores between the fibers in the mu m-range, allowing a high gas throughput with low pressure requirements. A straightforward dip-coating procedure of the carrier was used to obtain a Ru@MIL-101 functionalized silica nanofibrous veil, avoiding Ru clustering. The obtained catalytic membrane exhibited an apparent turnover frequency of 3257 h-1 at 250 degrees C. This system therefore paves the way towards structured reactors for efficient CO2 hydrogenation processes.}}, articleno = {{121972}}, author = {{Loccufier, Eva and Watson, Geert and Zhao, Yingrui and Meledina, Maria and Denis, Robbe and Gohari Derakhshandeh, Parviz and Van Der Voort, Pascal and Leus, Karen and Debecker, Damien P. and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0926-3373}}, journal = {{APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL}}, keywords = {{Process Chemistry and Technology,General Environmental Science,Catalysis,Silica nanofibers,Metal -organic frameworks,Ruthenium nanoparticles,Heterogeneous catalysis,Structured catalyst,METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS,CARBON-DIOXIDE,RU/TIO2 CATALYSTS,SABATIER REACTION,COMPOSITE MEMBRANES,CERAMIC NANOFIBERS,MOF,FABRICATION,ADSORPTION,HYDROGENATION}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{11}}, title = {{CO2 methanation with Ru@MIL-101 nanoparticles fixated on silica nanofibrous veils as stand-alone structured catalytic carrier}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121972}}, volume = {{320}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{01HEMWXV1H78WNWP4ME0QMM0H1, abstract = {{Fermentation processes offer a sustainable way for green organic acid production such as lactic acid (LA). However, the recovery and purification of LA from fermentation broths is typically very energy demanding. The in-situ recovery of LA via migration of its lactate anion through an anion-exchange membrane (AEM), combining electrochemical systems with fermentation, offers a viable solution for this. In this work, sustainable silica-based nanofiber AEMs were developed with excellent ionic properties and a strong selectivity for organic acids. Starting from a tetraethoxysilane/chloropropyltriethoxysilane (TEOS/CPTES) sol-gel system, anion conductive nanofiber membranes were obtained via the alkylation of the Csingle bondCl moieties on the electrospun nanofibers with 1-methylimidazole, resulting in an ion-exchange capacity (IEC) of 1.9 ± 0.3 mmol g−1. Post-functionalization with octyltriethoxysilane (OTES) resulted in hydrophobic porous nanofiber AEMs with excellent separation properties. It was shown that the nanofiber AEM had an improved lactate selectivity compared to a commercially dense AEM in the presence of (selectivity of 8.8 vs. 1.1) with an energy consumption of 1.6 kWh kg−1 vs. 3.0 kWh kg−1 for lactate migration, proving its potential as a sustainable material for industrial applications.}}, articleno = {{e00758}}, author = {{Swanckaert, Bianca and Vande Velde, Nele and Loccufier, Eva and De Buysser, Klaartje and Bonin, Luiza and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{2214-9937}}, journal = {{SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES}}, keywords = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,Waste Management and Disposal,General Materials Science,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,silica,nanofibers,electrospinning,anion-exchange membrane,lactid acid recovery,electrochemical treatment}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{11}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{High capacity, silica-based anion-exchange nanofiber membranes for the selective recovery of lactic acid}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2023.e00758}}, volume = {{38}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{01H2WM9ZBP36BZ136NHBHN8D4N, abstract = {{ In recent years, ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) including laser ablation rapid evaporation IMS, has enabled direct biofluid metabolome analysis. AIMS procedures are, however, still hampered by both analytical, i.e., matrix effects, and practical, i.e., sample transport stability, drawbacks that impede metabolome coverage. In this study, we aimed at developing biofluid-specific metabolome sampling membranes (MetaSAMPs) that offer a directly applicable and stabilizing substrate for AIMS. Customized rectal, salivary, and urinary MetaSAMPs consisting of electrospun (nano)fibrous membranes of blended hydrophilic (polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyacrylonitrile) and lipophilic (polystyrene) polymers supported metabolite absorption, adsorption, and desorption. Moreover, MetaSAMP demonstrated superior metabolome coverage and transport stability compared to crude biofluid analysis and was successfully validated in two pediatric cohorts (MetaBEAse, n = 234 and OPERA, n = 101). By integrating anthropometric and (patho)physiological with MetaSAMP-AIMS metabolome data, we obtained substantial weight-driven predictions and clinical correlations. In conclusion, MetaSAMP holds great clinical application potential for on-the-spot metabolic health stratification.}}, author = {{De Spiegeleer, Margot and Plekhova, Vera and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Schoolaert, Ella and Pomian, Beata and Singh, Varoon and Wijnant, Kathleen and De Windt, Kimberly and Paukku, Volter and De Loof, Alexander and Gies, Inge and Michels, Nathalie and De Henauw, Stefaan and De Graeve, Marilyn and De Clerck, Karen and Vanhaecke, Lynn}}, issn = {{2375-2548}}, journal = {{SCIENCE ADVANCES}}, keywords = {{Multidisciplinary,ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION,IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY,FECAL METABOLOME,ION DESORPTION,CHILDREN,WEIGHT,HUMANS,INDEX}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{23}}, pages = {{18}}, publisher = {{American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)}}, title = {{Point-of-care applicable metabotyping using biofluid-specific electrospun MetaSAMPs directly amenable to ambient LA-REIMS}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.ade9933}}, volume = {{9}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{01H0MBDNBC3GVJ7DECF5ASA3ZG, abstract = {{Electrospun nanofiber membranes show high potential in various application fields (e.g., filtration, catalysis, and sensing). Nevertheless, knowledge of the mechanical behavior, and more specifically, the deformation of nanofiber membranes is still limited today which can complicate the appliance of nanofiber membranes in applications where they are mechanically loaded. In this paper, we, therefore, analyzed the mechanical behavior of polymeric nanofiber membranes with different fiber orientations (random and aligned) extensively. Polyamide 6 was used as a representative reference polymer for proof-of-concept. Mechanical tests show that all membranes have a coherent deformation behavior at the macroscale up to the point of fracture. Large variations in stiffness, ultimate strength, and ultimate strain were observed between membranes with different fiber orientations (Random: E-mod: 370 ± 34 MP; UTS: 38.5 ± 6.0 MPa; εmax: 30.0 ± 2.8%; Parallel aligned: E-mod: 753 ± 11 MPa; UTS: 55.4 ± 0.8 MPa; εmax: 12.0 ± 0.1%; Perpendicular aligned: E-mod: 24.1 ± 3.7 MPa; UTS:/; εmax: >40%). This shows the versatility and tunability of the mechanical behavior of these nanofiber membranes. At the microscale, the fibrous structure results in deformation mechanisms that resist failure formation and progression when the membrane is mechanically loaded. This results in a high fracture resistance, even for pre-damaged membranes. Realignment of the fibers along the loading direction causes crack tip blunting, locally reinforcing the membrane.}}, articleno = {{1630}}, author = {{Verschatse, Olivier and Loccufier, Eva and Swanckaert, Bianca and De Clerck, Karen and Daelemans, Lode}}, issn = {{2073-4360}}, journal = {{POLYMERS}}, keywords = {{Polymers and Plastics,General Chemistry,mechanical behavior,polymeric nanofiber membranes,electrospinning,in situ SEM analysis}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{7}}, pages = {{14}}, title = {{Microscale and macroscale deformation behavior of electrospun polymeric nanofiber membranes using in situ SEM during mechanical testing}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/polym15071630}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{01GPJZY6YJZ4FEDGFG3CYS1R86, abstract = {{Electrochemical treatments in (waste)water management show high potential in the global water resource crisis, but are often limited by the ion-exchange membrane (IEM) performance. Low chemical resistance and fouling are major issues in the development of next-generation IEMs. Sulfonated silica-based nanofiber cation-exchange membranes (CEMs) offer a promising solution to these issues due to their superior chemical resistance and self-cleaning properties. Via the direct electrospinning of a sol–gel solution starting from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane (MPTES), nanofiber membranes with an ion-exchange capacity (IEC) of 1.3 mmol g−1 can be produced without the need of an additional matrix. The produced nanofiber CEM performs excellent in lab-scale electrochemical tests, with a resistance of 3.2 ± 0.4 *10-3 Ω m2 and a Coulombic efficiency of ± 70 % for the transport of Na+ using a current density of either 128 or 256 A/m−2. Furthermore, the nanofiber CEM shows outstanding resistance against strong acidic solutions and chlorine. After fouling of the membrane with CaCO3, the nanofiber CEM shows self-cleaning properties, eliminating the need for an additional cleaning step during usage. These results illustrate the excellent performance of the silica-based nanofiber CEM for industrial water treatment applications.}}, articleno = {{123001}}, author = {{Swanckaert, Bianca and Loccufier, Eva and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Rabaey, Korneel and De Buysser, Klaartje and Bonin, Luiza and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1383-5866}}, journal = {{SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{Filtration and Separation,Analytical Chemistry,Silica nanofibers,Cation-exchange membrane,Self-cleaning,Fouling,Electrochemical water treatment,ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES,ION-EXCHANGE,CERAMIC NANOFIBERS,FUEL-CELL,ELECTRODIALYSIS,PERFORMANCE,SELECTIVITY,ENERGY,TECHNOLOGIES,TEMPERATURE}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{13}}, title = {{Sulfonated silica-based cation-exchange nanofiber membranes with superior self-cleaning abilities for electrochemical water treatment applications}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.123001}}, volume = {{309}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{01H83X216DE0QB0N98CDXHR419, abstract = {{Digital image correlation (DIC) in combination with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and in-situ mechanical testing has great potential to study the micro-mechanical behavior of materials. Yet, the application of a high-quality speckle pattern for DIC remains challenging at this scale. Here, we present a versatile polymer particle-based speckle pattern with adjustable speckle size (0.17–1.04 μm) to cover a wide range of magnifications (500x to 5000x) in SEM. This speckle does not completely cover the surface, ensuring the visibility of deformations taking place in the studied object. The quality of the pattern is analyzed to determine the precision, noise, and correctness of the results obtained by SEM-DIC. Out-of-plane displacements are also considered. Depending on the choice of speckle size and imaging parameters, high quality SEM-DIC patterns were obtained. The measurable strain with this method ranges between 0.05% up to 100%. To illustrate the versatility of the speckling method, three different micromechanical test cases on polymer materials are presented. These showed that global and local deformation can clearly be visualized at different magnifications.}}, articleno = {{108134}}, author = {{Verschatse, Olivier and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen and Daelemans, Lode}}, issn = {{0142-9418}}, journal = {{POLYMER TESTING}}, keywords = {{Polymers and Plastics,Organic Chemistry,SEM-DIC,Micromechanical testing,Polymers,Epoxy}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{13}}, title = {{Development of a versatile speckle pattern of nano-sized polymer particles for high-resolution SEM-DIC}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108134}}, volume = {{125}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{01GTBNMWFSAPBGCTD45HE8XXKG, abstract = {{Organosilica sol–gel synthesis is an important chemical process to deliver advanced functional network materials with applications such as wound dressings, solar cells and membranes. The chemical kinetics are although poorly understood, due to a lack of Arrhenius parameters and a focus on kinetic data mainly recorded at 298 K. The present work overcomes these shortcomings by reporting Arrhenius parameters for the most important reactions (hydrolysis and condensation), selecting tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) crosslinking with hydrochloric acid (HCl) as reference case. A dedicated 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) protocol applicable at any process temperature, with better relaxation delay optimization, peak identification, and an automated correction for further reaction during analysis at 298 K, is put forward. NMR is the analysis technique of choice to quantitatively follow the reactions in time due to its high specificity. This novel NMR-based protocol enables a more reliable quantification of the contribution of species that have been crosslinked i times (Q1-Q4). The tuned Arrhenius parameters, employing coupled matrixbased Monte Carlo simulations, can describe the isothermal kinetics for temperatures ranging from 298 to 328 K well. Moreover, these Arrhenius parameters are used to better understand the non-isothermal kinetics as utilized to synthesize sol/gel-like precursor solutions for applications including membrane production. Successful model validation under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions is demonstrated, unlocking the door to a better understanding of orthosilicate crosslinking kinetics and associated material properties.}}, articleno = {{141701}}, author = {{Verschraegen, Sofie and Loccufier, Eva and De Keer, Lies and Van Steenberge, Paul and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen and D'hooge, Dagmar}}, issn = {{1385-8947}}, journal = {{CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,General Chemical Engineering,Environmental Chemistry,General Chemistry}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{11}}, title = {{A dedicated protocol to capture orthosilicate crosslinking kinetics and Arrhenius parameters}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.141701}}, volume = {{461}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{01H9G348R6MCXQFG8P2Y3593Y4, abstract = {{The development of intelligent photonic systems made of stimuli-responsive materials, i.e., with features tunable and switchable by environmental signals, is gaining increasing attention. Here, the study reports on switchable optical gain based on complex arrays of nanofibers made of thermo-responsive poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline), incorporating a blue-emitting chromophore. The fluorescent component endows the nanofibers with optical gain in addition to the moisture absorption capability of the polymer. Light amplification is found with temperature- and humidity-dependent excitation threshold. The threshold value is halved close to the polymer cloud point temperature, enabling reversible switching of the emission intensity upon temperature change. Waveguiding analysis by back-focal plane imaging on individual fibers allows the switching mechanisms to be rationalized, in terms of moisture sorption swelling-induced morphological changes. These responsive light-emitting nanofibers may find application in a novel class of lasers with dynamically-controlled properties, environmentally-switchable optoelectronics, and smart sensors.}}, articleno = {{2202056}}, author = {{Archimi, Matteo and Schoolaert, Ella and Becelaere, Jana and Hoogenboom, Richard and Camposeo, Andrea and De Clerck, Karen and Pisignano, Dario}}, issn = {{2195-1071}}, journal = {{ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS,HUMIDITY,LASER,POLY(2-OXAZOLINE)S,TEMPERATURE,EMISSION,POLYMERS,DESIGN,hygroscopic polymers,light-emitting nanofibers,nanofiber networks,nanofibers,optical gain,stimuli-responsive materials,thermo-responsive polymers}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{13}}, pages = {{9}}, title = {{Optical gain switching by thermo-responsive light-emitting nanofibers through moisture sorption swelling}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202202056}}, volume = {{11}}, year = {{2023}}, } @article{01H95WH9WSP8NSXSS1NNGBZD5D, abstract = {{Nanofibrous scaffolds are widely investigated for tendon tissue engineering due to their porous structure, high flexibility, and the ability to guide cells in a preferred direction. Previous research has shown that providing a microenvironment similar to in vivo settings improves tissue regeneration. Therefore, in this work, ingenious multicomponent nanoyarn scaffolds that mimic the fibrillar and tubular structures of tendons are developed for the first time through electrospinning and bundling nanoyarns followed by electrospinning of a nanofibrous shell around the bundle. Multicomponent nanoyarn scaffolds out of poly(ε-caprolactone) with varying porosity, density, and diameter were successfully produced by coelectrospinning with water-soluble poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) as a sacrificial component. The diameter and fiber orientation of the nanoyarns were successfully tuned based on parameter-morphology models obtained by the design of experiments. Cyclic bending tests were performed, indicating that the flexibility of the multicomponent nanoyarn scaffolds depends on the morphology and can be tuned through controlling the number of nanoyarns in the bundle and the porosity. Indirect and direct cell culture tests using mouse and equine tendon cells revealed excellent cytocompatibility of the nanofibrous products and demonstrated the potential of the nanoyarns to guide the growing cells along the nanofiber direction, which is crucial for tendon tissue engineering.}}, author = {{Schynkel, Lucas and Meeremans, Marguerite and Meyer, Anna A. and Schoolaert, Ella and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Omidinia-Anarkoli, Abdolrahman and Van Vlierberghe, Sandra and Daelemans, Lode and De Laporte, Laura and De Schauwer, Catharina and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1944-8244}}, journal = {{ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}}, keywords = {{poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline),poly(ε-caprolactone),yarn electrospinning,multicomponent nanoyarn scaffold,bending behavior,cell guidance,nerve regeneration,tendon tissue engineering,TISSUE,ALIGNMENT,COLLAGEN,INJURY,FIBERS,YARNS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{36}}, pages = {{42113--43218}}, title = {{Cell guiding multicomponent nanoyarn tendon scaffolds with tunable morphology and flexibility}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c08241}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2023}}, } @inproceedings{8755131, abstract = {{Challenges in clean water availability have risen over the years, and especially third world countries are in great need of localised, low-cost water purification techniques, that make use of separation membranes. Electrochemical treatments in (waste)water management show high potential in the global water resource crisis, but are often limited by the performance of the ion-exchange membrane (IEM)[1]. Low chemical resistance and fouling are major issues in the development of the next generation IEMs. An interesting choice of material for IEMs is the use of nanofibers due to their outstanding ionic properties as a result of their specific morphology. Nanofiber membranes are known to have a large specific surface area, flexibility, high porosity and interconnected pores. Different strategies are applied for the production and structural design of these ion-exchange nanofiber membranes. Nanofibers with an ion-exchange functionality can be produced by either pre- or post-functionalization methods, combined with electrospinning. Depending on the application, these nanofiber mats can be used as such, or further membrane processing is possible to improve the dimensional stability, typically by adding a pore-filling matrix in between the nanofibers. By producing IEMs from hybrid nanofibrous membranes containing both organic and inorganic parts, a wide range of different membrane properties can be obtained by altering the molecular structure. This results in IEMs with high thermal and chemical resistance as well as tunability towards a.o. mechanical properties and hydrophobicity for the use in harsh environmental conditions. For example, sulfonated silica-based nanofiber cation-exchange membranes (CEMs) offer a promising solution to the current issues of IEMs, due to their superior chemical resistance and self-cleaning properties.}}, author = {{Swanckaert, Bianca and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Rabaey, Korneel and De Buysser, Klaartje and Bonin, Luiza and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{The Fiber Society's spring 2022 Conference, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Leuven, Belgium}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Ion-exchange nanofiber membranes for advanced water treatment applications}}, url = {{https://www.mtm.kuleuven.be/english/events/fiber-society-conference-22}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{01GJJ60MZE5SXVPMX7EBW5M7RY, author = {{Finazzi, Daniele and Sevenois, Ruben and Daelemans, Lode and De Clerck, Karen and Van Paepegem, Wim}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Composite Materials : Composites Meet Sustainability : volume 1 : Materials}}, editor = {{Vassilopoulos, Anastasios P. and Michaud, Véronique}}, isbn = {{9782970161400}}, keywords = {{thermoplastic composites,SFRP,glass/PA6,tensile tests,DIC}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Lausanne, Switzerland}}, pages = {{1167--1174}}, publisher = {{Composite Construction Laboratory (CCLab)}}, title = {{Effect of fibre orientation, temperature, moisture content and strain rate on the tensile behaviour of short glass fibre-reinforced polyamide 6}}, url = {{https://doi.org/10.5075/epfl-298799_978-2-9701614-0-0}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{8760447, author = {{Verschatse, Olivier and Daelemans, Lode and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Composites meet sustainability : proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Composite Materials (ECCM20) : vol. 1 : materials}}, editor = {{Vassilopoulos, Anastasios P. and Michaud, Véronique}}, isbn = {{9782970161400}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Lausanne, Zwitzerland}}, pages = {{1550--1557}}, publisher = {{Composite Construction Laboratory (CCLab)}}, title = {{Micro-scale measurements on epoxy using in-situ microscopic techniques}}, url = {{https://eccm20.org/}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{8755066, author = {{Verschatse, Olivier and Daelemans, Lode and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{18th European Mechanics of Materials Conference (EMMC18), Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Oxford, UK}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Mechanical study of the tensile prperties of epoxy at the microscale level}}, url = {{https://www.emmc18.org/event/4327a13b-b53e-4c7e-bd98-7b346b02b599/summary}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{01GPJXP9DSZX9QRBTYW16K5M2F, abstract = {{Personal radiative heat regulation by photonic engineered textiles can contribute to a decreased energy consumption in buildings by expanding the range of comfortable ambient conditions. Here, we propose dual-mode photonic designs (a static and a dynamic one), which modulate the emissivity to provide thermal regulation in both cold and hot environments. The first design is a Janus-yarn fabric that tunes statically via fabric flipping, while the second design is dynamic by utilizing a shape-memory polymer.}}, author = {{Abebe, Muluneh G. and De Corte, Alice and Rosolen, Gilles and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Schoolaert, Ella and De Clerck, Karen and Maes, Bjorn}}, booktitle = {{META 2022 : the 12th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics}}, editor = {{Zouhdi, Said}}, issn = {{2429-1390}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Torremolinos, Spain}}, pages = {{742--743}}, title = {{Photonic enhancements to tailor the comfort of radiative textiles}}, url = {{https://metaconferences.org/META/files/meta22_proceedings.pdf}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{01GMVB30NQ8WSC1CQYA0881359, abstract = {{An important challenge in the valorization of CO2 and H2 into fuels is the development of a stable, reusable and easy to handle heterogeneous catalyst. Here, a silica nanofibrous membrane is investigated as carrier for Ru nanoparticles, themselves encapsulated inside the metal organic framework Cr-MIL-101. The catalytic membrane is investigated for the Sabatier methanation reaction. The direct electrospinning of a tetraorthosilicate sol-gel system results in a highly thermal resistant silica nanofibrous structure (up to 1100°C) with a large amount of pores between the fibers in the µm-range, allowing a high gas throughput with low pressure requirements. A straightforward dip-coating procedure of the carrier was used to obtain a Ru@MIL-101 functionalized silica nanofibrous veil, avoiding Ru clustering. The obtained catalytic membrane exhibited an apparent turnover frequency of 3257 h-1 at 250°C. This system therefore paves the way towards structured reactors for efficient CO2 hydrogenation processes.}}, author = {{Loccufier, Eva and Watson, Geert and Zhao, Yingrui and Meledina, Maria and Van Der Voort, Pascal and Debecker, Damien and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Research Symposium 2022 (FEARS 2022), Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Inorganic membranes allow for a more clever use of nanoparticles as CO2 conversion catalyst}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7406152}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{01GMVB3AEXSKFSQX7AK4SGHAHR, abstract = {{Challenges in clean water availability have risen over the years, and especially third world countries are in great need of localised, low-cost water purification techniques, that make use of separation membranes. Electrochemical treatments in (waste)water management show high potential in the global water resource crisis, but are often limited by the performance of the ion-exchange membrane (IEM). Low chemical resistance and fouling are major issues in the development of the next generation IEMs. An interesting choice of material for IEMs is the use of nanofibers due to their outstanding ionic properties as a result of their specific morphology. Nanofiber membranes are known to have a large specific surface area, flexibility, high porosity and interconnected pores. Different strategies are applied for the production and structural design of these ion-exchange nanofiber membranes. Nanofibers with an ion-exchange functionality can be produced by either pre- or post-functionalization methods, combined with electrospinning. Depending on the application, these nanofiber mats can be used as such, or further membrane processing is possible to improve the dimensional stability, typically by adding a pore-filling matrix in between the nanofibers. By producing IEMs from hybrid nanofibrous membranes containing both organic and inorganic parts, a wide range of different membrane properties can be obtained by altering the molecular structure. This results in IEMs with high thermal and chemical resistance as well as tunability towards a.o. mechanical properties and hydrophobicity for the use in harsh environmental conditions. For example, sulfonated silica-based nanofiber cation-exchange membranes (CEMs) offer a promising solution to the current issues of IEMs, due to their superior chemical resistance and self-cleaning properties.}}, author = {{Swanckaert, Bianca and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Rabaey, Korneel and De Buysser, Klaartje and Bonin, Luiza and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Research Symposium 2022 (FEARS 2022), Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Ion-exchange nanofiber membranes for advanced water treatment applications}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7406026}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{01GMVB2VRSG40997DK22NHW2WK, abstract = {{Over 2/3rd of all newly developed drugs are rendered useless because they don't dissolve in our stomach. Their high crystallinity prevents any active ingredients from entering our system. For this reason, increasing the aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs is highly researched. Solvent electrospinning of a solution of the flubendazole and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) is demonstrated to be a viable strategy to produce stable nanofibrous amorphous solid dispersions with ultrahigh drug-loadings (up to 55 wt\% flubendazole). Importantly, at such high drug loadings, the concentration of the polymer in the electrospinning solution has to be lowered below the concentration where it can be spun in absence of the drug as the interactions between the polymer and the drug result in increased solution viscosity. X-ray diffraction results and in vitro drug release studies confirm the remarkable amorphous stability and potential of this electrospinning formulation strategy by significantly increased drug solubility values and dissolution rates even after storing the formulation for one year.}}, author = {{Becelaere, Jana and Van Den Broeck, Elias and Van Speybroeck, Veronique and Vervaet, Chris and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Research Symposium 2022 (FEARS 2022), Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Improving flubendazole efficiency through time-stable electrospun amorphous solid dispersions}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7406006}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{01GSSEWPWEM0F5HNB4VDH4VBZ4, abstract = {{INTRODUCTION With the current development of ambient ionization platforms, sample analysis procedures are becoming faster and easier. And yet, sacrificing sample preparation and separation techniques in favor of short analytical run times allows matrix effects to resurface unabated, leading to a decrease in sensitivity accompanied by repeatability and reproducibility issues. In this study, we introduce electrospun polymeric fibrous membranes (MetaSAMPs) for the sampling and direct analysis of biofluids using the established laser-assisted rapid evaporative mass spectrometry (LA-REIMS) methodology (Plekhova et al., Nat.Prot., 2021). By applying customized MetaSAMPs® as a sampling tool and direct substrate for LA-REIMS analysis, we aim to increase the short- and long-term preservation of the metabolome, reduce the impact of macromolecules during analysis while improving metabolome coverage and reproducibility. METHODS Polymeric fibrous sampling membranes (MetaSAMP) were developed by electrospinning with their composition individually optimized for three commonly addressed in light of clinical biochemistry biofluids, i.e. stool, urine and saliva. During validation experiments, pooled biological samples were analyzed as such or impregnated on the MetaSAMP® membranes to compare LA-REIMS signal intensity, metabolome coverage, and reproducibility. Next, the short- and long-term stability were examined by storing the impregnated MetaSAMP® membranes and crude biofluids at 4°C and 20° for 48 hours, or at -20°C and -80°C for up to six weeks. Finally, the clinical applicability of the three biofluid-specific MetaSAMPs® was verified in different pediatric cohorts, i.e. OPERA (n = 95, saliva, 6-16y) and MetaBEAse (n = 76, stool, 6-12y) studying adolescent and childhood obesity and CMA (n = 70, urine, 6 months-3y) studying infant food allergy. PRELIMINARY DATA Based on metabolome coverage, reproducibility and fiber network quality, the optimal urinary MetaSAMP® composition was determined to be a blend of 70/20/10 Polystyrene (PS)/Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)/Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)%, enabling extraction of a broad range of metabolites (log P = -5 to 13). The addition of an outer 10% (w/w) nanofiber PAN coating promoted urine absorption while simultaneously acting as a filter to reduce macromolecule biofouling. Similarly, the optimal compositions of the salivary and rectal MetaSAMPs® were determined as 90/10 PS/PVP and 60/40 PVP/PS, respectively, both with PAN coating. In subsequent validation experiments, impregnated MetaSAMPs showed a higher number of detected metabolic features compared to the crude biofluids whilst maintaining good repeatability with 97%, 66% and 65% of features ≤ 30% CV threshold for the urinary, salivary and rectal MetaSAMP®. After 48h storage, mimicking the maximum transportation time from the patient's home or physician’s office to the laboratory, more metabolic features showed better stability when stored impregnated on the samplers as compared to the raw biofluids, as estimated by the interclass correlation coefficients (ICC). For example, 107 and 732 features detected in urine after storage at 20°C and 4°C, respectively, correlated well between 0 and 48h (ICC > 0.4), while urine impregnated on the MetaSAMP stored at the same conditions generated 1597 and 1851 features with ICCs > 0.4. A similar trend was observed following 6 weeks of storage, as urinary MetaSAMPs still retained 1206 highly correlated features at -20°C, while in urine only 780 remained stable. Lastly, the clinical validation in three independent cohorts showed better predictive power of multivariate OPLS-DA models based on metabolic fingerprints obtained with the MetaSAMPs® , e.g. Q2Y= 0.65 and p-value = 1.3e-11 for urinary MetaSAMP® whereas Q2 Y = 0.52 and p-value = 3.6e-7 for the analysis of crude urinary samples. NOVEL ASPECT Polymeric nanofibrous samplers (MetaSAMPs®) promote biofluid metabolome stability during storage while increasing metabolome coverage and reproducibility following LA-REIMS-based metabotyping.}}, author = {{Plekhova, Vera and De Spiegeleer, Margot and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Pomian, Beata and Singh, Varoon and De Paepe, Ellen and Wijnant, Kathleen and Gies, Inge and Michels, Nathalie and De Graeve, Marilyn and De Clerck, Karen and Vanhaecke, Lynn}}, booktitle = {{70th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Minneapolis, MN, USA}}, pages = {{3}}, title = {{Electrospun nanofibrous samplers (MetaSAMP) provide superior biofluid metabolome stability and coverage following direct laser-assisted rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{8759714, author = {{Loccufier, Eva and Van Hulle, Stijn and Debecker, Damien and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{The Fiber Society's spring 2022 Conference, Abstracts}}, keywords = {{Nanofibers,Electrospinning,Silica,Separation,Catalysis}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Leuven, Belgium}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Stand-alone silica nanofibrous membranes for advanced catalytic and purification applications}}, url = {{https://www.thefibersociety.org/Portals/0/Past%20Conferences/2022_Spring_ConferenceProceedingsLeuven.pdf?ver=2022-08-09-181450-453}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{8759717, author = {{Loccufier, Eva and Swanckaert, Bianca and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Deventer, Koen and Van Hulle, Stijn and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Autex 2022 Conference, Proceedings}}, isbn = {{9788366741751}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Lodz, Poland}}, pages = {{301--305}}, publisher = {{Lodz University of Technology Press}}, title = {{Tunable silica nanofibrous structures in view of resolving challenging purification and separation obstacles}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.34658/9788366741751.63}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{8733959, abstract = {{Recent development in the field of additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has allowed for the incorporation of continuous fiber reinforcement into 3D-printed polymer parts. These fiber reinforcements allow for the improvement of the mechanical properties, but compared to traditionally produced composite materials, the fiber volume fraction often remains low. This study aims to evaluate the in-nozzle impregnation of continuous aramid fiber reinforcement with glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) using a modified, low-cost, tabletop 3D printer. We analyze how dimensional printing parameters such as layer height and line width affect the fiber volume fraction and fiber dispersion in printed composites. By varying these parameters, unidirectional specimens are printed that have an inner structure going from an array-like to a continuous layered-like structure with fiber loading between 20 and 45 vol%. The inner structure was analyzed by optical microscopy and Computed Tomography (µCT), achieving new insights into the structural composition of printed composites. The printed composites show good fiber alignment and the tensile modulus in the fiber direction increased from 2.2 GPa (non-reinforced) to 33 GPa (45 vol%), while the flexural modulus in the fiber direction increased from 1.6 GPa (non-reinforced) to 27 GPa (45 vol%). The continuous 3D reinforced specimens have quality and properties in the range of traditional composite materials produced by hand lay-up techniques, far exceeding the performance of typical bulk 3D-printed polymers. Hence, this technique has potential for the low-cost additive manufacturing of small, intricate parts with substantial mechanical performance, or parts of which only a small number is needed.}}, articleno = {{298}}, author = {{Rijckaert, Sander and Daelemans, Lode and Cardon, Ludwig and Boone, Matthieu and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{2073-4360}}, journal = {{POLYMERS}}, keywords = {{Polymers and Plastics,General Chemistry,additive manufacturing,FFF,FDM,mechanical testing,microscopy,low-cost,CONTINUOUS CARBON-FIBER,MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES,PLY THICKNESS,SURFACE-TREATMENT,ACID COMPOSITES,STRENGTH,TENSILE,GLASS,IMPREGNATION,PERFORMANCE}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{16}}, title = {{Continuous fiber-reinforced aramid/PETG 3D-printed composites with high fiber loading through fused filament fabrication}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/polym14020298}}, volume = {{14}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{8735807, abstract = {{In view of today's challenges in clean water depletion and wastewater management, electrochemical water treatment processes are increasingly applied for e.g. desalination of brackish water, recovery of resources and energy production from waste streams, and disinfection of wastewater. These electrochemical processes typically make use of an ion-exchange membrane in between the anode and cathode. The choice of material for this membrane is crucial for the performance of the cell and often its performance is the key bottleneck. Over the last decade, research has been focused on the production of ion-exchange nanofibers as membrane material due to their outstanding ionic properties as a result of their specific morphology. Nanofiber membranes are known to have a large specific surface area, flexibility, high porosity and interconnected pores. Different strategies are applied for the production and structural design of these ion-exchange nanofiber membranes, which are discussed in this review. Nanofibers with an ion-exchange functionality can be produced by either pre-or postfunctionalization methods, combined with electrospinning. Depending on the application, these nanofiber mats can be used as such, or further membrane processing is possible to improve the dimensional stability, typically by adding a pore-filling matrix in between the nanofibers. Eventually, the current state of research on ion-exchange nanofibers in electrochemical separation and degradation applications is discussed. The many examples highlighted in this review prove the potential of nanofibers as ion-exchangers and provide insights for future research in this area.}}, articleno = {{120529}}, author = {{Swanckaert, Bianca and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Rabaey, Korneel and De Buysser, Klaartje and Bonin, Luiza and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1383-5866}}, journal = {{SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{Ion-exchange membranes,Nanofibers,Electrospinning,Electrochemical separation,Wastewater treatment,WASTE-WATER TREATMENT,MICROBIAL FUEL-CELL,ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES,COMPOSITE MEMBRANES,BIOELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS,ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES,POLYMER NANOFIBERS,BIPOLAR MEMBRANE,ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS,SCALE ELECTRODIALYSIS}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{26}}, title = {{A review on ion-exchange nanofiber membranes : properties, structure and application in electrochemical (waste)water treatment}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120529}}, volume = {{287}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{8719362, abstract = {{Colorimetric nanofibers provide visual, easy-to-interpret sensors for personal use as well as advanced applications. The potential of 2-n-butyl-2-oxazoline (B) and 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (E) statistical copolymers as a universal, versatile support platform for nanofibrous halochromic sensor design is demonstrated. These polymers are electrospinnable from eco-friendly solvent systems, while wettability, moist adsorption capacity, and water-solubility of the membranes can be easily tuned by changing the B/E monomer ratio, ensuring wide applicability. The halochromic sensing functionality is introduced by incorporating the alizarin yellow R (AYR) chromophore, which is covalently modified with an ethyl ester-group or a short poly(2-n-butyl-2-oxazoline) chain, which is demonstrated to simultaneously prevent dye-leaching and allows tuning of the halochromic pH-sensing window. The colorimetric nanofibrous sensors reversibly respond toward aqueous solutions of different pH, (hydrochloric) acid and alkaline (ammonia) vapors, and several biogenic amines with detection limits as low as 5 ppb. Tunability of sensor responsivity, sensitivity, and pKa via manipulation of dye–polymer interactions, determined by support polymer structure and semi-crystallinity, as well as the chain length of the AYR-modified polymer, are discussed. Preliminary proof-of-principle studies indicate the potential of the developed sensors for sub-ppm biogenic amine vapor detection, which may serve as the basis for future applications in food packaging or breath analysis.}}, articleno = {{2106859}}, author = {{Schoolaert, Ella and Merckx, Ronald and Becelaere, Jana and Rijssegem, Serge and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1616-301X}}, journal = {{ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{alizarin yellow R,colorimetric sensors,eco-friendly electrospinning,poly(2-oxazoline)s,statistical copolymers,INDUCED PKA SHIFTS,PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES,COLOR,PK(A),POLY(2-OXAZOLINE)S,RED,POLYPENTAPEPTIDES,SPECTRA,PROTEIN,PROBES}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{14}}, title = {{Eco-friendly colorimetric nanofiber design : halochromic sensors with tunable pH-sensing regime based on 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline and 2-n-butyl-2-oxazoline statistical copolymers functionalized with alizarin yellow R}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202106859}}, volume = {{32}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{8739151, articleno = {{118606}}, author = {{Phan, Kim and Van Den Broeck, Elias and Raes, Katleen and De Clerck, Karen and Van Speybroeck, Veronique and De Meester, Steven}}, issn = {{0167-7322}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS}}, keywords = {{Materials Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Spectroscopy,Condensed Matter Physics,Atomic and Molecular Physics,and Optics,Electronic,Optical and Magnetic Materials,Anthocyanins,COSMO-RS,Density Functional Theory (DFT),Extraction,Solvent,ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION,FREE-ENERGIES,RED CABBAGE,COSMO-RS,SOLUBILITY,OPTIMIZATION}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{12}}, title = {{A comparative theoretical study on the solvent dependency of anthocyanin extraction profiles}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118606}}, volume = {{351}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{01GMVB42YZ7M41FSKMW0A8VYYD, abstract = {{For every project or application, it is important to select a material that exhibits the desired mechanical properties. To be able to do so, the performance of multiple materials needs to be determined via mechanical testing. Here, we present the ability to combine mechanical tests with microstructural observations, which gives new insight into the microscale deformation and fracture mechanisms present in materials. Thanks to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) during testing, we are able to perform in-situ visualization of the microstructure of the material and how it responds to mechanical loads. SEM offers a high resolution, a wide range of magnification, and a higher field of depth than traditional optical microscopic techniques. With these new insights, materials can be tuned more efficiently towards their specific applications.}}, author = {{Verschatse, Olivier and Daelemans, Lode and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Research Symposium 2022 (FEARS 2022), Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Observing deformation mechanisms at microscale}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7405881}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{8755068, author = {{Verschatse, Olivier and Daelemans, Lode and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{The Fiber Society's spring 2022 conference : abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Leuven, Belgium}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{In-Situ SEM analysis of the tensile properties of microscale epoxy specimens}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{8768650, abstract = {{In this work, an important step is taken towards the bioavailability improvement of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as flubendazole (Flu), posing a challenge in the current development of many novel oral-administrable therapeutics. Solvent electrospinning of a solution of the drug and poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) is demonstrated to be a viable strategy to produce stable nanofibrous amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) with ultrahigh drug-loadings (up to 55 wt% Flu) and long-term stability (at least one year). Importantly, at such high drug loadings, the concentration of the polymer in the electrospinning solution has to be lowered below the concentration where it can be spun in absence of the drug as the interactions between the polymer and the drug result in increased solution viscosity. A combination of experimental analysis and molecular dynamics simula- tions revealed that this formulation strategy provides strong, dominant and highly stable hydrogen bonds be- tween the polymer and the drug, which is crucial to obtain the high drug-loadings and to preserve the long-term amorphous character of the ASDs upon storage. In vitro drug release studies confirm the remarkable potential of this electrospinning formulation strategy by significantly increased drug solubility values and dissolution rates (respectively tripled and quadrupled compared to the crystalline drug), even after storing the formulation for one year.}}, author = {{Becelaere, Jana and Van Den Broeck, Elias and Schoolaert, Ella and Vanhoorne, Valérie and Van Guyse, Joachim and Vergaelen, Maarten and Borgmans, Sander and Creemers, Karolien and Van Speybroeck, Veronique and Vervaet, Chris and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0168-3659}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE}}, keywords = {{Amorphous solid dispersions,Solvent electrospinning,Molecular dynamics,Computational chemistry,Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline),Flubendazole}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{123--136}}, title = {{Stable amorphous solid dispersion of flubendazole with high loading via electrospinning}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.028}}, volume = {{351}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{01GMVB2854B8827YKTB6VNSYM7, abstract = {{Silica nanofibrous membranes are flexible, light-weight and porous materials that showcase excellent thermal and chemical resistance. However, the production via a combination of sol-gel synthesis and electrospinning depends on many factors of which the influence is not completely understood. In this work, we investigate the link between the viscosity and the electrospinnability of the tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) based spinning solution as a first step in linking the different scales in the process. The viscosity of the silica sol has a clear effect on the behavior of the Taylor cone and hence on the stability of the electrospinning process. Exploiting these insights is of great importance for future chemically driven tuning of silica nanofibrous membranes.}}, author = {{Verschraegen, Sofie and De Buysser, Klaartje and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Research Symposium 2022 (FEARS 2022), Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Electrospinning of silica nanofibers : how the sol viscosity influences the Taylor cone}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7400772}}, year = {{2022}}, } @inproceedings{01K2MN0EKX9GM6AH2NVS29368N, abstract = {{Electrospinning of silica sols into nanofibers is not straightforward as the effect of multiple influencing synthesis and process factors is not completely understood. This limits the applicability of silica nanofibrous membranes in fields such as catalysis, sensors, filtration and separation. In this work, the link between an important solution parameter (viscosity) and the electrospinnability of the tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) based silica spinning solution is investigated as a first step in linking the different scales in the process. Sol-gel synthesis, electrospinning and state-of-the-art imaging techniques are combined leading to novel insights into the direct electrospinning of silica sols.}}, author = {{Verschraegen, Sofie and De Buysser, Klaartje and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{CTS-2022, Chemical Technology Symposium, Proceedings}}, isbn = {{9789464664751}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{5}}, title = {{Electrospinning of silica nanofibers : how the sol viscosity influences the Taylor cone}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{8735806, abstract = {{Recently, poly(nonamethylene terephthalate) (PAT((n=9))) and poly(decamethylene terephthalate) (PAT((n=10))) gained increasing interest since it was reported to exhibit enhanced endothelial cell adhesion and viability compared to other poly(alkylene terephthalate) (PAT) analogues. Enhanced endothelial cell interactivity is of particular interest when targeting cardiovascular applications, more specifically, for creating synthetic vascular bypass grafts. In this study, the potential of PAT((n=10)) to be applied as synthetic bypass graft has been further investigated. After a thorough physico-chemical characterization of the synthesized PAT((n=10)), microsized fibers were processed via electrospinning. In a first part, the polymer-related parameters were investigated and optimized to obtain uniform beadless fibers. By changing the solution composition and device set-up, various fiber morphologies (i.e. random, aligned and porous fibers) were obtained and subjected to an in vitro biological evaluation with Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs), while exploiting a clinically used synthetic graft (i.e. Dacron (R)) as benchmark. It was shown that the cells seeded onto all PAT((n=10)) fibers exhibited a superior metabolic activity compared to Dacron after 7 days of culture, while aligned and porous fibers had a beneficial effect on the survival of HUVECs. This study is a first step towards the application of PATs as novel cardiovascular bypass graft, fabricated via electrospinning.}}, articleno = {{111003}}, author = {{Van de Voorde, Babs and Şensu, Berna and De Vos, Lobke and Colenbier, Robin and Başkan, Havva and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Parmentier, Laurens and Van Daele, Lenny and Dmitriev, Ruslan and Pyl, Lincy and De Clerck, Karen and Van Vlierberghe, Sandra}}, issn = {{0014-3057}}, journal = {{EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{Organic Chemistry,Polymers and Plastics,General Physics and Astronomy,Materials Chemistry,Poly(decamethylene terephthalate),Electrospinning,Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells,Live,dead staining,MOLECULAR-WEIGHT,POLYMER NANOFIBERS,SCAFFOLDS,BIOCOMPATIBILITY,DEGRADATION,BEHAVIOR,DENSITY}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{10}}, title = {{Electrospinning of poly(decamethylene terephthalate) to support vascular graft applications}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111003}}, volume = {{165}}, year = {{2022}}, } @article{8715793, abstract = {{A computational platform describing the spatial and temporal interactions of monomers during the formation of network polymers provides structure-property relationships that are used to synthesize 3D network polymers with tailored functionalities. The three-dimensional arrangement of natural and synthetic network materials determines their application range. Control over the real-time incorporation of each building block and functional group is desired to regulate the macroscopic properties of the material from the molecular level onwards. Here we report an approach combining kinetic Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations that chemically and physically predicts the interactions between building blocks in time and in space for the entire formation process of three-dimensional networks. This framework takes into account variations in inter- and intramolecular chemical reactivity, diffusivity, segmental compositions, branch/network point locations and defects. From the kinetic and three-dimensional structural information gathered, we construct structure-property relationships based on molecular descriptors such as pore size or dangling chain distribution and differentiate ideal from non-ideal structural elements. We validate such relationships by synthesizing organosilica, epoxy-amine and Diels-Alder networks with tailored properties and functions, further demonstrating the broad applicability of the platform.}}, author = {{De Keer, Lies and Kilic, Karsu I. and Van Steenberge, Paul and Daelemans, Lode and Kodura, Daniel and Frisch, Hendrik and De Clerck, Karen and Reyniers, Marie-Françoise and Barner-Kowollik, Christopher and Dauskardt, Reinhold H. and D'hooge, Dagmar}}, issn = {{1476-1122}}, journal = {{NATURE MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{Mechanical Engineering,General Materials Science,Mechanics of Materials,General Chemistry,Condensed Matter Physics}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{1422--1430}}, title = {{Computational prediction of the molecular configuration of three-dimensional network polymers}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01040-0}}, volume = {{20}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inproceedings{8720913, abstract = {{For ecological, economic, and health reasons, it is important to mechanically recycle waste acrylic fabrics originating from outdoor applications. These are not currently recycled due to the presence of harmful finishes on the waste fabrics, that interfere with the recycling process, reduce the quality of the recycled product, and pose health risks. Through a combination of confidential washing, hydrolysis and physical treatments, all the finishing chemicals on waste, outdoor acrylic fabrics can be removed by at least 90%, thus enabling the mechanical recycling process.}}, articleno = {{307}}, author = {{Tomme, Brecht and Trovato, Valentina and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Rosace, Giuseppe and Piga, Daniele and Ferrari, Barbara and Cataldi, Andrea and De Meester, Steven and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{AUTEX 2021, 20th World Textile Conference, Abstracts}}, editor = {{Ferreira, Fernando and Rocha, A. M. and Fangueiro, R. and Marques, A. and Zille, A.}}, isbn = {{9789895480869}}, keywords = {{Acrylic,outdoor fabrics,mechanical recycling,finishes,hydrolysis}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Guimarães, Portugal (online)}}, pages = {{307:496--307:497}}, publisher = {{AUTEX}}, title = {{Removal of hazardous finishes to enable mechanical recycling of waste acrylic fabrics}}, url = {{https://autex2021.org/home}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inproceedings{8741906, author = {{Wang, Sisi and Daelemans, Lode and Fiorio, Rudinei and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen and Cardon, Ludwig}}, booktitle = {{International Polymer Process Innovation Conference 2021 (PPI-2021), Proceedings}}, isbn = {{9789464517811}}, keywords = {{Bio-based blend,annealing,printing parameter,morphology,mechanical property}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{online}}, pages = {{21--23}}, publisher = {{Ghent University}}, title = {{Exploring fused filament fabrication : from morphology control to commercial printing settings}}, url = {{https://pmi.ugent.be/}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inproceedings{8721007, author = {{Verschatse, Olivier and Daelemans, Lode and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{HyFiSyn conference, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Leuven, Belgium (and online)}}, pages = {{2}}, title = {{Does size matter? In-situ SEM analysis of the tensile properties of epoxy at the microscale}}, url = {{https://www.hyfisyn.eu/school-conference/about}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inproceedings{8720995, articleno = {{262}}, author = {{Verschatse, Olivier and Daelemans, Lode and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{AUTEX 2021, 20th World Textile Conference, Abstracts}}, editor = {{Ferreira, Fernando and Rocha, A. M. and Fangueiro, R. and Marques, A. and Zille, A.}}, isbn = {{9789895480869}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Guimarães, Portugal (online)}}, pages = {{262:420--262:421}}, publisher = {{AUTEX}}, title = {{Does size matter? In-situ SEM analysis of the tensile properties of epoxy at the microscale}}, url = {{https://autex2021.org/home}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{8703361, articleno = {{126920}}, author = {{Phan, Kim and Raes, Katleen and Van Speybroeck, Veronique and Roosen, Martijn and De Clerck, Karen and De Meester, Steven}}, issn = {{0959-6526}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION}}, keywords = {{Natural Dye,Anthocyanins,Quinones,Carotenoids,Life Cycle Assessment (LCA),Organic Waste Valorization,RUBIA-TINCTORUM-L.,JUGLANS-REGIA L.,CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION,SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION,BY-PRODUCTS,DYEING PROPERTIES,COTTON FABRICS,LIGHT FASTNESS,ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY,ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{26}}, title = {{Non-food applications of natural dyes extracted from agro-food residues : a critical review}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126920}}, volume = {{301}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{8693084, abstract = {{Anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins are flavonoids that are present in various food products (e.g., fruit, vegetables, wine, etc.). The large chemical diversity amongst these molecules leads to compound-specific properties such as color and stability towards external conditions. These properties are also attractive for food and non-food applications. The photophysical experimental characterization is not easy as this generally demands advanced analytical techniques along with optimized separation procedures. Molecular modeling can provide insights into the fundamental understanding of the photophysical properties of these compounds in a uniform way for a broad set of compounds. However, the current literature is quite fragmented on this topic. Herein, a large set of 140 naturally derived anthocyanins was evaluated in a systematic way with three functionals (B3LYP, PBE0, and CAM-B3LYP). The accuracy of these functionals was determined with experimental literature lambda(max,vis) values. In addition to lambda(max,vis) values, time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculations also provided oscillator strengths, molar absorption coefficients, and orbital energies, which define whether specific natural anthocyanin-based compounds can be deployed in food and non-food applications such as food additives/colorants, textile dyeing, analytical standards, and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).}}, author = {{Phan, Kim and De Meester, Steven and Raes, Katleen and De Clerck, Karen and Van Speybroeck, Veronique}}, issn = {{0947-6539}}, journal = {{CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{General Chemistry,anthocyanins,pyranoanthocyanins,time-dependent density functional theory,UV,Vis spectroscopy}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{19}}, pages = {{5956--5971}}, title = {{A comparative study on the photophysical properties of anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202004639}}, volume = {{27}}, year = {{2021}}, } @misc{01GTXZP31713VR4SAB2HRVN5Q0, author = {{De Keer, Lies and Kilic, Karsu I. and Van Steenberge, Paul and Daelemans, Lode and Kodura, Daniel and Frisch, Hendrik and De Clerck, Karen and Reyniers, Marie-Françoise and Barner-Kowollik, Christopher and Dauskardt, Reinhold H. and D'hooge, Dagmar}}, keywords = {{Mechanical Engineering,Mechanics of Materials,Condensed Matter Physics,General Materials Science,General Chemistry}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{10}}, series = {{NATURE MATERIALS}}, title = {{Computational prediction of the molecular configuration of three-dimensional network polymers}}, volume = {{20}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{8723036, abstract = {{The long-term service life of polymers can be estimated with much shorter experiments by applying the time temperature superposition principle (TTS). In this approach, data is obtained at different temperatures, usually through a stepped isothermal method (SIM) on the same sample. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) instruments offer two different measurement methods to obtain SIM data: (i) static creep tests and (ii) dynamic frequency sweeps. This paper compares both methods on highly graphite filled polypropylene. Our studies on reproducibility of each method show that the uncertainty for 20 year prediction can be lower than 6% for both methods. While creep-based tests require a shorter experimental time, frequency sweep based tests show a lower scatter on the final result. The two main factors introducing uncertainty on the end results are related to (i) the reproducibility of the experimental raw data and (ii) the TTS optimisation using shift factors. The optimisation of the shift factors by a numerical method improves the accuracy of the master curve. By comparing creep and frequency sweep SIM, it shows that for predictions of one decade, the methods deliver very comparable results (less than 10% difference). For longer predictions, the methods differ and are not interchangeable. Furthermore, DMA was also effectively used as a three-point bending setup, providing information about strain rate sensitivity and the linear visco-elastic region using the same test setup and same sample dimensions as for TTS.}}, articleno = {{107368}}, author = {{Schalnat, Joanna and Daelemans, Lode and De Baere, Ives and De Clerck, Karen and Van Paepegem, Wim}}, issn = {{0142-9418}}, journal = {{POLYMER TESTING}}, keywords = {{Polymers and Plastics,Organic Chemistry,Time temperature superposition principle (TTS),Stepped isothermal method (SIM),Dynamic (thermo-) mechanical analysis (DMA DTMA),Graphite filled polymer,Life time predictions}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{9}}, title = {{Long-term stiffness prediction of particle filled polymers by dynamic mechanical analysis : frequency sweep versus creep method}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107368}}, volume = {{103}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{8678232, abstract = {{Epoxy is a material of choice for demanding applications thanks to its high chemical stability, stiffness, and strength. Yet, its brittle fracture behavior is an important downside for many sectors. Here, we show that the addition of electrospun thermoplastic nanofibers is a viable toughening strategy to design nanofiber reinforced epoxy materials with excellent toughness. Moreover, the use of transparent film-like specimens allowed in-situ imaging during mechanical testing. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, digital image correlation and crack length measurements are used to analyze the toughening mechanisms responsible for high toughening efficiency in detail. The addition of polyamide and polycaprolactone nanofibers resulted in an increased plastic energy uptake up to 100%. In-situ observation of the crack tip showed that the main energy-absorbing mechanism was due to bridging nanofibers. There was a profound decrease in toughening efficiency when nanofibers lacked sufficient adhesion with the matrix only when they were oriented parallel with the crack growth direction. The profound understanding of such underlying mechanisms opens up material design in applications where high toughness is required like adhesives, coatings, and fiber-reinforced composite laminates.}}, articleno = {{108504}}, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and Verschatse, Olivier and Heirman, Lisa and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0266-3538}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{General Engineering,Ceramics and Composites,Nano composites,Coating,Fracture toughness,Interfacial strength,Damage mechanics,Digital image correlation}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{14}}, title = {{Toughening mechanisms responsible for excellent crack resistance in thermoplastic nanofiber reinforced epoxies through in-situ optical and scanning electron microscopy}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108504}}, volume = {{201}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{8707503, abstract = {{Flexible dielectric sensors received significant interest for real-time in situ cure monitoring of polymeric composites over the past decade. Currently, the state-of-the-art dielectric sensors mainly focus on detecting the distinct stages of the polymeric composite curing process. While low-cost and quantitative monitoring of the thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties of the materials during the cure is of great interest, to date, such a sensor system has not been realized because the existing devices excessively depend on external instrumentations, combined with a lack of an embedded reliable data processing module. Here, a fully integrated dielectric monitoring sensor system (DMS) incorporating dielectric and temperature sensors is developed, capable of monitoring in real-time the temperature, the degree of cure, and the glass transition temperature (T-g) of polymeric composites. An independent characterization of the cure kinetics was performed using differential scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. These data enabled associating the main physical and chemical transformations in the polymeric materials with particular features observed in the dielectric measurements. We demonstrate the accurate estimation of the degree of cure and T-g of an epoxy resin. The proposed system shows the potential for a new generation of intelligent manufacturing technology of composite materials.}}, articleno = {{6004809}}, author = {{Yang, Yang and Plovie, Bart and Chiesura, Gabriele and Vervust, Thomas and Daelemans, Lode and Mogosanu, Diana-Elena and Wuytens, Pieter and De Clerck, Karen and Vanfleteren, Jan}}, issn = {{0018-9456}}, journal = {{IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT}}, keywords = {{Cure monitoring,dielectric sensor,degree of cure,fully integrated system,glass transition temperature}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{9}}, title = {{Fully integrated flexible dielectric monitoring sensor system for real-time in situ prediction of the degree of cure and glass transition temperature of an epoxy resin}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2021.3057291}}, volume = {{70}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{8694251, abstract = {{The development of well-designed polylactic acid (PLA) based composite filaments through fused filament fabrication (FFF) is crucial, as PLA printed parts are characterized by a high brittleness. Here we focus on FFF composite formation using ductile poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), the nanoclay cloisite and the chain extender Joncryl. A high modulus, flexibility, toughness and notched impact strength result upon combining PLA/PBAT (80:20; mass basis) with a sufficiently high cloisite amount (1-5 phr) supported by a suited Joncryl amount (0.3 phr). A fine PBAT dispersion is then ensured, as confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. For high cloisite amounts (e.g. 10 phr) the crystallinity and vicat softening temperature enhance but cloisite aggregation is unavoidable, leading to a strong reduction in tensile strain and toughness. Annealing increases crystallinity thus material strength, rigidity and impact, at least partially overruling the need of a fine dispersion. Novel radar charts are also reported to select an optimal bio-based blend suitable for different end-user applications by adjusting the composition and possible post-annealing of printed products.}}, articleno = {{108613}}, author = {{Wang, Sisi and Daelemans, Lode and D'hooge, Dagmar and Couck, Liesbeth and Van Den Broeck, Wim and Cornillie, Pieter and Gou, Maling and De Clerck, Karen and Cardon, Ludwig}}, issn = {{1359-8368}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}}, keywords = {{Mechanical Engineering,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,Mechanics of Materials,Ceramics and Composites,Biopolymers,Additive manufacturing,Composites,Thermo-mechanical properties}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{10}}, title = {{Lifting the quality of fused filament fabrication of polylactic acid based composites}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108613}}, volume = {{210}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inproceedings{8721695, abstract = {{Combining the dimensional freedom of additive manufacturing and the mechanical prowess of continuous fiber reinforced composites has been a highly anticipated object of study for the last years.}}, articleno = {{287}}, author = {{Rijckaert, Sander and Daelemans, Lode and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{AUTEX 2021, 20th World Textile Conference, Abstracts}}, editor = {{Ferreira, Fernando and Rocha, A. M. and Fangueiro, R. and Marques, A. and Zille, A.}}, isbn = {{9789895480869}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Guimarães, Portugal (online)}}, pages = {{287:463--287:464}}, publisher = {{AUTEX}}, title = {{Building the third dimension : microstructure and mechanics of Additive Manufactured continuous Aramid fiber/PETG composites with variable fiber content through in-nozzle impregnation}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{8719114, abstract = {{Wound dressings are high performance and high value products which can improve the regeneration of damaged skin. In these products, bioresorption and biocompatibility play a key role. The aim of this study is to provide progress in this area via nanofabrication and antimicrobial natural materials. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a bio-based family of polymers that possess high biocompatibility and skin regenerative properties. In this study, a blend of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)) and poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxy decanoate) (P(3HO-co-3HD)) was electrospun into P(3HB))/P(3HO-co-3HD) nanofibers to obtain materials with a high surface area and good handling performance. The nanofibers were then modified with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via the dip-coating method. The silver-containing nanofiber meshes showed good cytocompatibility and interesting immunomodulatory properties in vitro, together with the capability of stimulating the human beta defensin 2 and cytokeratin expression in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), which makes them promising materials for wound dressing applications.}}, articleno = {{4907}}, author = {{Kalaoglu Altan, Özlem İpek and Başkan, Havva and Meireman, Timo and Basnett, Pooja and Azimi, Bahareh and Fusco, Alessandra and Funel, Niccola and Donnarumma, Giovanna and Lazzeri, Andrea and Roy, Ipsita and Danti, Serena and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1996-1944}}, journal = {{MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{General Materials Science,polyhydroxyalkanoates,eco-friendly nanofibers,wound dressings,low-impact biomedical applications,immunomodulation,defensin,keratinocytes}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{17}}, pages = {{17}}, title = {{Silver nanoparticle-coated polyhydroxyalkanoate based electrospun fibers for wound dressing applications}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/ma14174907}}, volume = {{14}}, year = {{2021}}, } @article{8719144, abstract = {{Olive tree is a well-known source of polyphenols. We prepared an olive leaf extract (OLE) and characterized it via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. OLE was blended with different polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), namely, poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV) and polyhydroxybutyrate/poly(hydroxyoctanoate-co-hydroxydecanoate) (PHB/PHOHD), to produce fiber meshes via electrospinning: OLE/PHBV and OLE/ (PHB/PHOHD), respectively. An 80–90% (w/w%) release of the main polyphenols from the OLE/PHA fibers occurred in 24 h, with a burst release in the first 30 min. OLE and the produced fiber meshes were assayed using human dermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) to evaluate the expression of a panel of cytokines involved in the inflammatory process and innate immune response, such as the antimicrobial peptide human beta defensin 2 (HBD-2). Fibers containing OLE were able to decrease the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines at 6 h up to 24 h. All the PHA fibers allowed an early downregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in 6 h, which is suggestive of a strong anti-inflammatory activity exerted by PHA fibers. Differently from pure OLE, PHB/PHOHD fibers (both with and without OLE) upregulated the expression of HBD-2. Our results showed that PHA fiber meshes are suitable in decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and the incorporation of OLE may enable indirect antibacterial properties, which is essential in wound healing and tissue regeneration.}}, articleno = {{4006}}, author = {{De la Ossa, Jose Gustavo and Fusco, Alessandra and Azimi, Bahareh and Esposito Salsano, Jasmine and Digiacomo, Maria and Coltelli, Maria-Beatrice and De Clerck, Karen and Roy, Ipsita and Macchia, Marco and Lazzeri, Andrea and Donnarumma, Giovanna and Danti, Serena and Di Stefano, Rossella}}, issn = {{2076-3417}}, journal = {{APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL}}, keywords = {{polyphenol,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,wound healing,wound dressings,tissue regeneration,bio-based}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{9}}, pages = {{15}}, title = {{Immunomodulatory activity of electrospun polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber scaffolds incorporating olive leaf extract}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/app11094006}}, volume = {{11}}, year = {{2021}}, } @inproceedings{8686070, articleno = {{IL9}}, author = {{D'hooge, Dagmar and De Keer, Lies and Loccufier, Eva and Karsu, Killic and Van Steenberge, Paul and Kislyak, Anastasia and Frisch, Hendrik and Daelemans, Lode and De Buysser, Klaartje and Reyniers, Marie-Françoise and Barner-kowollik, Christopher and Dauskardt, R. W. and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{MIPOL2020, Milan Polymer Days, Abstracts}}, isbn = {{9788836230266}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Milan, Italy, Online}}, pages = {{IL9:18--IL9:18}}, title = {{The amazing world of network polymers and their applications}}, url = {{https://www.mipol.unimi.it/}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{8644170, abstract = {{Natural dyes might be more environmentally sustainable compared to their synthetic counterparts, however in general their performance is worse. Therefore, typically metallic mordants are applied to improve the natural dye's affinity towards substrates, but this is not a suitable technique in a 'green story'. In this paper, we test the potential of using anthocyanins from blueberry waste for dyeing cotton with biomordants, which are selected to tailor the intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and pi-pi interactions with the dye molecule. In the experimental part, parameters during extraction and dyeing were optimized (e.g. temperature, pH, dyeing time and concentration). The effect of the (bio)mordants was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, spectrophotometric measurements and standard ISO wash and light tests. It was shown that stannous chloride stands out as metallic mordant, while no biomordants show sufficient intermolecular interactions to replace this metal salt. The experimental study has been corroborated with a series of molecular modeling calculations to obtain more insight into the intermolecular interactions between dye and (bio)mordants. To this end, both static Density Functional Theory based calculations as semi-empirical and force field based molecular dynamics calculations have been performed. The results indeed confirm that, in general, too small interaction energies for the biomordants of interest with the dye molecules are found, in correspondence with experimental findings. Overall, by performing systematic experiments in combination with the interpretation of the molecular models, this study yields valuable insights into the development of green routes towards use of anthocyanins as a natural dye for cellulose-based materials.}}, articleno = {{108180}}, author = {{Phan, Kim and Van Den Broeck, Elias and Van Speybroeck, Veronique and De Clerck, Karen and Raes, Katleen and De Meester, Steven}}, issn = {{0143-7208}}, journal = {{DYES AND PIGMENTS}}, keywords = {{Anthocyanins,Cotton,Density functional theory (DFT),Molecular dynamics,Natural dye,ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY,THERMAL-DEGRADATION,RED-WINE,ADSORPTION,WATER,COPIGMENTATION,COLOR,EXTRACTION,STABILITY,DYNAMICS}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{19}}, title = {{The potential of anthocyanins from blueberries as a natural dye for cotton : a combined experimental and theoretical study}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.108180}}, volume = {{176}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{8677677, author = {{Tomme, Brecht and De Clerck, Karen}}, language = {{dut}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{51--51}}, series = {{UNITEX}}, title = {{Nieuws uit de vakgroep : REACT project : REcycling of waste ACrylic Textiles (Horizon 2020)}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{8675582, abstract = {{The present review had the aim of describing the methodologies of synthesis and properties of biobased pullulan, a microbial polysaccharide investigated in the last decade because of its interesting potentialities in several applications. After describing the implications of pullulan in nano-technology, biodegradation, compatibility with body and skin, and sustainability, the current applications of pullulan are described, with the aim of assessing the potentialities of this biopolymer in the biomedical, personal care, and cosmetic sector, especially in applications in contact with skin.}}, articleno = {{20}}, author = {{Coltelli, Maria-Beatrice and Danti, Serena and De Clerck, Karen and Lazzeri, Andrea and Morganti, Pierfrancesco}}, issn = {{2079-4983}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL BIOMATERIALS}}, keywords = {{pullulan,biopolymers,exopolysaccharides,biodegradation,biocompatibility,POLYMERS,DELIVERY,EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES,NANOPARTICLES,SCAFFOLDS,MATRICES,NANOGEL,WATER}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{17}}, title = {{Pullulan for advanced sustainable body- and skin-contact applications}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/jfb11010020}}, volume = {{11}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{8675587, abstract = {{Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of bio-based polyesters that have found different biomedical applications. Chitin and lignin, byproducts of fishery and plant biomass, show antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity on the nanoscale. Due to their polarities, chitin nanofibril (CN) and nanolignin (NL) can be assembled into micro-complexes, which can be loaded with bioactive factors, such as the glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and CN-NL/GA (CLA) complexes, and can be used to decorate polymer surfaces. This study aims to develop completely bio-based and bioactive meshes intended for wound healing. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxydecanoate), P(3HB)/P(3HO-co-3HD) was used to produce films and fiber meshes, to be surface-modified via electrospraying of CN or CLA to reach a uniform distribution. P(3HB)/P(3HO-co-3HD) fibers with desirable size and morphology were successfully prepared and functionalized with CN and CLA using electrospinning and tested in vitro with human keratinocytes. The presence of CN and CLA improved the indirect antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of the electrospun fiber meshes by downregulating the expression of the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulating human defensin 2 expression. This natural and eco-sustainable mesh is promising in wound healing applications.}}, articleno = {{62}}, author = {{Azimi, Bahareh and Thomas, Lily and Fusco, Alessandra and Kalaoglu Altan, Özlem İpek and Basnett, Pooja and Cinelli, Patrizia and De Clerck, Karen and Roy, Ipsita and Donnarumma, Giovanna and Coltelli, Maria-Beatrice and Danti, Serena and Lazzeri, Andrea}}, issn = {{2079-4983}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL BIOMATERIALS}}, keywords = {{biopolymer,bio-based,surface modification,nanolignin,electrospinning,electrospray,anti-inflammatory,DRUG-DELIVERY,SCAFFOLDS,CHALLENGES}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{17}}, title = {{Electrosprayed chitin nanofibril/electrospun polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber mesh as functional nonwoven for skin application}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/jfb11030062}}, volume = {{11}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{8644208, abstract = {{A challenge for the photodegradation of (organic) micro-pollutants in waste water treatment is the mechanistic and kinetic understanding beyond the degradation of the initial (parent) harmful product, e.g. the phenylurea herbicide isoproturon (IPU). By combining liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and kinetic Monte Carlo modeling, we demonstrate that upon optimizing the dip-coating conditions (0.34 mol L (-1) TiO2 solution at a coating speed of 160 mm min( -1)) for the functionalization of a superhydrophilic electrospun silica nanofibrous membrane (i) hydroxylation is a dominant reaction pathway and (ii) once IPU reacts on the surface of the TiO(2 )nanoparticles, further hydroxylation occurs sufficiently fast, with complete IPU removal under the detection limit (5-10 mg Lsolution(-1)) as a result of UV irradiation within 8 h. As hydroxylation is dominant, degradation intermediates with a higher water solubility are formed and therefore a decreased toxicity is obtained upon reintroducing the treated solution into the environment. This is confirmed by respirometry, with an increase in the oxygen uptake rate of an activated sludge from 5.9 mg O(2 )g(activated) ( -1)(sludge) h (-1 )for an untreated 10 mg L-1 IPU solution to 8.2 mg O-2 g(activated sludge) (-1) h( -1) for a solution irradiated for 8 h, in line with a blank solution.}}, articleno = {{124143}}, author = {{Loccufier, Eva and Deventer, Koen and Manhaeghe, Dave and Van Hulle, Stijn and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1385-8947}}, journal = {{CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{Photodegradation kinetics,Water treatment,Electrospinning,Kinetic Monte Carlo modeling,Respirometry,Hydroxylation,ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES,HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION,WASTE-WATER TREATMENT,HERBICIDE ISOPROTURON,ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS,INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS,LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY,AQUEOUS-SOLUTION,SUPPORTED TIO2,AZO DYES}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{14}}, title = {{Degradation kinetics of isoproturon and its subsequent products in contact with TiO2 functionalized silica nanofibers}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.124143}}, volume = {{387}}, year = {{2020}}, } @incollection{8654371, abstract = {{Electrospun (polymeric) nanofibers are proved to be one of the most successful toughening techniques for improving the damage resistance of structural fiber-reinforced polymer composite laminates. In the past decade, we have seen a steady increase in published research papers and industrial interest on this topic. In this chapter, we highlight the major findings related to the use of electrospun nanofiber toughening veils together with a concise overview of our own research trajectory of the past years on this topic. There are five main sections in this chapter which guide the reader (be them experienced or inexperienced with the topic) through the current state-of-the-art: an introductory section (Section 11.1), a section about the mechanisms of nanofiber toughening (Section 11.2), an overview of the nanofiber effect on a broad range of mechanical properties (Section 11.3), important considerations regarding nanofiber toughening (Section 11.4), and a future outlook and concluding section (Sections 11.5 and 11.6).}}, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Fiber-reinforced nanocomposites : fundamentals and applications}}, editor = {{Han, Baogue and Nguyen, Tuan Anh and Subrahmanya Bhat, K. and Sharma, Sumit and Longbiao, Li}}, isbn = {{9780128199046}}, keywords = {{Delamination,fiber-reinforced polymer,toughening,fracture toughness,electrospinning,nanofibers,nanoparticles,mechanics}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{235--260}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, series = {{Micro and Nano Technologies}}, title = {{Effect of interleaved polymer nanofibers on the properties of glass and carbon fiber composites}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819904-6.00011-6}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{8679816, abstract = {{Fiber reinforced composite materials are typically comprised of two phases, i.e., the reinforcing fibers and a surrounding matrix. At a high volume fraction of reinforcing fibers, the matrix is confined to a microscale region in between the fibers (1–200 µm). Although these regions are interconnected, their behavior is likely dominated by their micro-scale. Nevertheless, the characterization of the matrix material (without reinforcing fibers) is usually performed on macroscopic bulk specimens and little is known about the micro-mechanical behavior of polymer matrix materials. Here, we show that the microscale behavior of an epoxy resin typically used in composite production is clearly different from its macroscale behavior. Microscale polymer specimens were produced by drawing microfibers from vitrifying epoxy resin. After curing, tensile tests were performed on a large set of pure epoxy microfiber specimens with diameters ranging from 30 to 400 µm. An extreme ductility was observed for microscale epoxy specimens, while bulk scale epoxy specimens showed brittle behavior. The microsized epoxy specimens had a plastic deformation behavior resulting in a substantially higher ultimate tensile strength (up to 380 MPa) and strain at break (up to 130 %) compared to their bulk counterpart (68 MPa and 8%). Polarized light microscopy confirmed a rearrangement of the internal epoxy network structure during loading, resulting in the plastic deformation of the microscale epoxy. This was further accompanied by in-situ electron microscopy to further determine the deformation behavior of the micro-specimens during tensile loading and make accurate strain measurements using video-extensometry. This work thus provides novel insights on the epoxy material behavior at the confined microscale as present in fiber reinforced composite materials.}}, articleno = {{2581}}, author = {{Verschatse, Olivier and Daelemans, Lode and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{2073-4360}}, journal = {{POLYMERS}}, keywords = {{Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),micromechanical testing,microscale,yielding,plasticity,COMPOSITE-MATERIALS,FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS,TENSILE PROPERTIES,STRENGTH,RESIN,POLYMER}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{11}}, pages = {{14}}, title = {{In-situ observations of microscale ductility in a quasi-brittle bulk scale epoxy}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/polym12112581}}, volume = {{12}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{8671689, abstract = {{Fibre reinforced composite laminates are key engineering materials allowing to design lightweight components with high mechanical properties. Yet they are prone to delamination between the reinforcing plies, which in turn limits the damage resistance of many applications. This is especially true for the interfaces between dissimilar reinforcing plies that are often encountered in actual components, e.g. differences in fibre orientation, fibre material or ply architecture, where high interlaminar stresses can occur. Nanofibrous toughening veils are known to increase the damage resistance when inserted between similar reinforcing plies, but it is currently unknown how they perform when delamination occurs at dissimilar interfaces. Here, the nanofibre toughening of frequently encountered dissimilar interfaces such as occurring between multidirectionally stacked unidirectional fibre plies (+45 degrees/-45 degrees), multistructural stackings (unidirectional versus fabrics) and multimaterial configurations (glass fibres versus carbon fibres) are analysed. These interfaces largely exert their influence on the crack path during delamination and thus alter the effectiveness of nanofibre toughening. Poly(ether-block-amide) nanofibres of the biosourced polyamide 11 family result in a large increase in mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness for all the tested dissimilar interfaces. We show that their effectiveness however depends on the underlying delamination mechanics present in different dissimilar interfaces. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).}}, articleno = {{109050}}, author = {{Meireman, Timo and Daelemans, Lode and Van Verre, Elisa and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0264-1275}}, journal = {{MATERIALS & DESIGN}}, keywords = {{Mechanical Engineering,General Materials Science,Mechanics of Materials,Nanocomposites,Matrix cracking,Interface debonding,Nanofibre bridging,Electrospinning,Hybrid composite,INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS,MODE-I,CRACK DEFLECTION,FIBER ORIENTATION,INTERLAYERS}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{11}}, title = {{Nanofibre toughening of dissimilar interfaces in composites}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109050}}, volume = {{195}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{8656395, abstract = {{In this work an innovative electrospinning system is proposed that simultaneously has an adequate temperature resistance, a high increase in mode I (þ51%) and mode II (þ96%) delamination performance and can be commercially produced. Interleaving nanofibrous veils can potentially solve the issue of the limited delamination resistance encountered in composite laminates, but industrial upscaling has always been impeded by one or more critical factors. These constraining factors include a limited temperature stability of the nanofibers, a lack in simultaneous mode I and II delamination performance increase and the complexity of the electrospinning system because non-commercial polymers or specialty nanofibers (e.g. coaxial) are required. In this paper, a robust electrospinning system is proposed that is the first to overcome all major hurdles to make nanofiber toughening industrially viable. A new class of nanofibers based on biosourced polyamide 11 and its poly(ether-block-amide) co-polymers is used to deal with those shortcomings. The nanofibers have tuneable diameters down to 50 nm and cross-section morphologies ranging from circular to ribbon-shaped. The key to this work is the fundamental underpinning of the toughening effect using a broad range of interleaves with different mechanical and thermal properties, fiber diameters and fiber morphologies, all produced from the same bio-based base polymer. Generally, round and thin nanofibers performed better than larger and ribbon-like fibers. The relationship between the fiber morphology and the delamination performance is further underpinned using detailed analysis of the fracture surface. Ultimately, this results in a range of optimized nanofibrous veils capable of improving the delamination resistance considerably without suffering from the aforementioned drawbacks.}}, articleno = {{108126}}, author = {{Meireman, Timo and Daelemans, Lode and Rijckaert, Sander and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0266-3538}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{Nano composites,Matrix cracking,Fiber/matrix bond,Fiber bridging,Poly(ether-block-amide) (PEBA),INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS,MODE-I,ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS,INTERLAYERS,BEHAVIOR,SOLVENT}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{10}}, title = {{Delamination resistant composites by interleaving bio-based long-chain polyamide nanofibers through optimal control of fiber diameter and fiber morphology}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108126}}, volume = {{193}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{8676908, abstract = {{Long-term predictions of material properties such as stiffness and creep resistance are important in many engineering applications and require high reliability and accuracy. This is especially true for polymer materials and their composites as their viscoelastic nature results in time-dependent material behaviour and any measurement uncertainties or errors amplify in long-term predictions. To measure this behaviour at smallest loadings, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is frequently declared as an ideal method. However, the measurement accuracy and repeatability of this method is strongly influenced by (i) the testing fixture and corresponding loading mode, (ii) the sample preparation and (iii) the plotting scale to interpret the test results. In this study, relevant experimental parameters were found for DMA and a proper procedure was designed, which was then applied to measure the viscoelastic behaviour of a highly temperature and creep resistant thermoplastic polymer (polyethersulfone) and of a highly graphite filled polypropylene composite. In combination with finite element simulations and in-situ strain measurements by digital image correlation (DIC), the main influences on measurement accuracy of three-point-bending DMA were identified and subsequently used to determine measurement guidelines. Using these guidelines, DMA measurements allow quantitative determination of the viscoelastic response for rigid polymer and composite materials.}}, articleno = {{106799}}, author = {{Schalnat, Joanna and Garoz Gómez, David and Daelemans, Lode and De Baere, Ives and De Clerck, Karen and Van Paepegem, Wim}}, issn = {{0142-9418}}, journal = {{POLYMER TESTING}}, keywords = {{DMA,Accuracy,Repeatability,3-Point-bending,PESU,Technoform-PP,GUIDELINES}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{10}}, title = {{Influencing parameters on measurement accuracy in dynamic mechanical analysis of thermoplastic polymers and their composites}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106799}}, volume = {{91}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{8681095, abstract = {{In many fused filament fabrication (FFF) processes, commercial printers are used, but rarely are printer settings transferred from one commercial printer to the other to give similar final tensile part performance. Here, we report such translation going from the Felix 3.0 to Prusa i3 MK3 printer by adjusting the flow rate and overlap of strands, utilizing an in-house developed blend of polylactic acid (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). We perform a sensitivity analysis for the Prusa printer, covering variations in nozzle temperature, nozzle diameter, layer thickness, and printing speed (T-nozzle, d(nozzle), LT, and v(print)), aiming at minimizing anisotropy and improving interlayer bonding. Higher mass, larger width, and thickness are obtained with larger d(nozzle), lower v(print), higher LT, and higher T-nozzle. A higher v(print) results in less tensile strain at break, but it remains at a high strain value for samples printed with d(nozzle) equal to 0.5 mm. v(print) has no significant effect on the tensile modulus and tensile and impact strength of the samples. If LT is fixed, an increased d(nozzle) is beneficial for the tensile strength, ductility, and impact strength of the printed sample due to better bonding from a wider raster structure, while an increased LT leads to deterioration of mechanical properties. If the ratio d(nozzle)/LT is greater than 2, a good tensile performance is obtained. An improved T-nozzle leads to a sufficient flow of material, contributing to the performance of the printed device. The considerations brought forward result in a deeper understanding of the FFF process and offer guidance about parameter selection. The optimal d(nozzle)/v(print)/LT/T-nozzle combination is 0.5 mm/120 mm s(-1)/0.15 mm/230 degrees C.}}, articleno = {{2573}}, author = {{Wang, Sisi and D'hooge, Dagmar and Daelemans, Lode and Xia, Hesheng and De Clerck, Karen and Cardon, Ludwig}}, issn = {{2073-4360}}, journal = {{POLYMERS}}, keywords = {{printing parameter,mechanical property,printer transferability,MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES,IMPACT STRENGTH,PLA,FDM,PROPERTY}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{11}}, pages = {{20}}, title = {{The transferability and design of commercial printer settings in PLA/PBAT fused filament fabrication}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/polym12112573}}, volume = {{12}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{8675595, abstract = {{In the present study, poly(3-hydroxybuturate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and plasticized polylactide acid (PLA) blends were processed by melt extrusion with different weight ratio (up to 20 wt.% of PHBV). Bionanocomposites were obtained through the incorporation of an organomodified montmorillonite (C30B) at 3 wt.%. The main features of the processing and physico-chemical characterization of films and injected samples were assessed and the influence of the components on the chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of the bionanocomposites was investigated. The results indicated that plasticized PLA/PHBV/C30B bionanocomposites present optimal mechanical properties for sanitary applications. Moreover, plasticized PLA/PHBV could lead to finely tuned biomaterials able to form electrospun nanofibers.}}, articleno = {{64}}, author = {{Lacoste, Clément and Gallard, Benjamin and Lopez-Cuesta, José-Marie and Kalaoglu Altan, Özlem İpek and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{2079-4983}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL BIOMATERIALS}}, keywords = {{biopolymer,blends,PLA,PHBV,nanocomposite,FILMS,PLLA/PHBV}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{12}}, title = {{Development of bionanocomposites based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/polylactide blends reinforced with cloisite 30B}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/jfb11030064}}, volume = {{11}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{8680287, abstract = {{Dye-functionalized polymers have been extensively studied to understand polymer chain dynamics, intra or inter-molecular association and conformational changes as well as in practical applications such as signal amplification in diagnostic tests and light-harvesting antennas. In this work, the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) of dye-functionalized poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) was studied to evaluate the effect of dye positioning and polymer chain length on the FRET efficiency. Therefore, both alpha (initiating terminus)- or omega (terminal chain end)-fluorophore single labeled and dual alpha,omega-fluorescent dye labeled PEtOx were prepared via cationic ring opening polymerization (CROP) using 1-(bromomethyl)pyrene as the initiator and/or 1-pyrenebutyric acid or coumarin 343 as the terminating agent, yielding well-defined PEtOx with high labeling efficiency (over 91%). Fluorescence studies revealed that intramolecular FRET is most efficient for heterotelechelic PEtOx containing both pyrene and coumarin 343 fluorophores as chain ends, as expected. A strong dependence of the energy transfer on the chain length was found for these dual labeled polymers. The polymers were tested in both dilute organic (chloroform) and aqueous media revealing a higher FRET efficiency in water due to the enhanced emissive properties of pyrene. The application of dual labeled polymers as fluorescent probes for temperature sensing was demonstrated based on the lower critical solution temperature behavior of the PEtOx. Furthermore, these polymers could be successfully processed into fibers and thin films. Importantly, the fluorescence properties were retained in the solid state without decreasing the FRET efficiency, thus opening future possibilities for application of these materials in solar cells and/or sensors.}}, author = {{Merckx, Ronald and Swift, Thomas and Rees, Ryan and Van Guyse, Joachim F. R. and Schoolaert, Ella and De Clerck, Karen and Ottevaere, Heidi and Thienpont, Hugo and Jerca, Valentin-Victor and Hoogenboom, Richard}}, issn = {{2050-7526}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C}}, keywords = {{Materials Chemistry,General Chemistry,LIGHT-HARVESTING POLYMERS,FLUORESCENCE,POLYMERIZATION,DYNAMICS,MICELLES,HYBRIDS,CHAINS,POLY(2-OXAZOLINE)S,TEMPERATURE,STRATEGIES}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{40}}, pages = {{14125--14137}}, title = {{Förster resonance energy transfer in fluorophore labeled poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)s}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1039/d0tc02830d}}, volume = {{8}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{8676370, abstract = {{In biomedicine, polymer blends are frequently applied in wound dressing design or drug delivery. Within these applications, poly(2-alkyl/aryl-2-oxazoline)s (PAOx) are emerging as a popular matrix due to excellent biocompatibility and miscibility with other polymers. However, as much is known of PAOx miscibility with other biocompatible polymer systems, so little is known of the miscibility within the PAOx class. We show the remarkable phase separation of two important, structurally alike, amorphous PAOx, i.e., poly(2-ethyl2-oxazoline) and poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline), that occurs when the polymers' number-average molar mass exceeds 10 kg.mol(-1). The (im)miscibility as a function of average molar mass is experimentally investigated by thermal analysis, theoretically underpinned by the Flory-Huggins lattice theory, and visualized by fluorescence microscopy in both films and nanofibers, the latter being a high-potential support material in biomedicine. These results provide important knowledge on PAOx (im)miscibility which has a crucial impact on the behavior of the many final end products they are investigated for.}}, author = {{Schoolaert, Ella and Merckx, Ronald and Becelaere, Jana and Everaerts, Melissa and Van Guyse, Joachim and Sedlacek, Ondrej and DE GEEST, BRUNO and Van den Mooter, Guy and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen and Hoogenboom, Richard}}, issn = {{0024-9297}}, journal = {{MACROMOLECULES}}, keywords = {{SOLID DISPERSIONS,DRUG-DELIVERY,POLY(2-OXAZOLINE)S,MISCIBILITY,NANOFIBERS,SOLUBILITY,FORMULATION,BLENDS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{17}}, pages = {{7590--7600}}, title = {{Immiscibility of chemically alike amorphous polymers : phase separation of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(2‑n‑propyl-2- oxazoline)}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00970}}, volume = {{53}}, year = {{2020}}, } @article{8667396, abstract = {{This work shows the design of highly porous membranes with tunable wettability based on poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline) (PnPrOx) nanofibers. Wicking and advanced contact angle experiments demonstrate the high potential for applications requiring specific interactions with aqueous media. PnPrOx is a popular member among the biocompatible poly(2-oxazoline)s due to its thermoresponsiveness in aqueous solutions, enabling the production of ‘smart materials’. On material level, however, many interesting properties of this polymer remain undiscovered. Electrospinning is an ideal technique to transfer the properties observed in solutions to end-material properties, as the polymer is processed into highly porous, nanofibrous membranes. PnPrOx' electrospinnability is here investigated in environmentally friendly ethanol/water solvent systems, ensuring industrial scalability. The nanofibrous membranes show increased hydrophobicity exhibiting the rose-petal effect. Upon functionalization with tannic acid, the hydrophobic membranes are transformed into hydrophilic nanofibers showing water-stability in both fresh and salty water, even below the polymer cloud point temperature. By varying the tannic acid amount, the hydrophilicity can be fine-tuned as the contact area between water droplets and surface, the rate and manner of water uptake and the extent of the rose-petal effect can be manipulated easily. Hence an interesting material is designed for applications in which water caption and transport are important.}}, articleno = {{108747}}, author = {{Schoolaert, Ella and Cossu, Luisa and Becelaere, Jana and Van Guyse, Joachim and Tigrine, Ali and Vergaelen, Maarten and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0264-1275}}, journal = {{MATERIALS & DESIGN}}, keywords = {{Mechanical Engineering,General Materials Science,Mechanics of Materials,Poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline),Nanofibers,Wettability,Rose-petal,Contact angle,Tannic acid,CRITICAL SOLUTION TEMPERATURE,HYDROGEN-BONDED MULTILAYERS,SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES,SILVER NANOPARTICLES,TANNIC-ACID,POLY(2-OXAZOLINE)S,POLYMER,WATER,MEMBRANE,PH}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{12}}, title = {{Nanofibers with a tunable wettability by electrospinning and physical crosslinking of poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline)}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108747}}, volume = {{192}}, year = {{2020}}, } @misc{8686363, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Louwagie, Johanna}}, language = {{dut}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{47--47}}, series = {{UNITEX}}, title = {{Nieuws uit de vakgroep : CTSE in beweging : innovator in textiel- en polymeermaterialen}}, year = {{2020}}, } @inproceedings{8620290, abstract = {{Optical nanofibrous sensors show potential in many application areas, including biomedicine, as they provide ultra-sensitivity combined with versatility, flexibility and user-friendliness. In our work stimuli-sensitive dyes are incorporated in a polymeric nanofibrous matrix by the process of solvent electrospinning. An important challenge that is tackled here is dye-immobilization as to design a stable sensor. In addition, an ecological friendly production process is aimed for resulting in the use of “green” solvents such as water and ethanol. However, the use of hydrophilic polymers poses some challenges with regard to the solvent electrospinning process, which are addressed in this work as well.}}, author = {{Schoolaert, Ella and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{AUTEX2019 : 19th world textile conference on textiles at the crossroads}}, isbn = {{9789079892068}}, keywords = {{Solvent electrospinning,nanofibers,optical sensors}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{6}}, publisher = {{AUTEX}}, title = {{Going from polymer to application : solvent electrospinning of optical nanofibrous sensors}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8620299, abstract = {{The use of nanofibers is expanding from academic into industry as these lightweight and highly porous materials are advantageous in many application areas. The main objectives of this roject is to reveal the potential of the bioeconomy in Europe, to decrease the use of fossil-based products, lead to greener and more environmentally friendly growth by fighting against climate change. For this purpose, nonwovens are prepared from bio-based polymers using solution electrospinning method for cosmetics and wound-care applications.}}, author = {{Kalaoglu Altan, Özlem İpek and Meireman, Timo and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{AUTEX 2019, 19th World Textile Conference on Textiles at the Crossroads}}, isbn = {{9789079892068}}, keywords = {{Bio-based polymers,electrospinning,nanofibers,wound-care,face masks}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent}}, pages = {{3}}, publisher = {{Autex}}, title = {{Electrospun nanofibers for skin-contact applications}}, url = {{https://ojs.ugent.be/autex/article/view/11605}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8612204, author = {{Becelaere, Jana and Vervaet, Chris and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{FEARS 2019 : book of abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{18--19}}, title = {{Therapeutic nanofibers? Innovative oral drug delivery for improved bioavailability}}, url = {{http://www.fears.ugent.be/booklet.pdf}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8620115, abstract = {{Bio-material polylactic acid and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) were blended to achieve increased ductility of the blend. Cloisite was added to improve the stiffness of the blend. The blends were made into filament suitable for extrusion-based additive manufacturing. Melt flow index of the filament and mechanical properties of the printed bars were tested. Preliminary results showed that the melt flow index increases significantly with cloisite and the modulus of polylactic acid/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) improved slightly. The notched impact strength of the blend increased with increasing content of cloisite, and it increased significantly after annealing, especially for blends without cloisite. Key}}, articleno = {{157}}, author = {{Wang, Sisi and Daelemans, Lode and Fiorio, Rudinei and Xia, Hesheng and Zhang, Jie and Giu, Maling and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen and Cardon, Ludwig}}, booktitle = {{AUTEX 2019, 19th World Textile Conference on Textiles at the Crossroads}}, isbn = {{9789079892068}}, keywords = {{Polylactic acid,poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate),additive manufacturing,annealing}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent}}, pages = {{4}}, publisher = {{Autex}}, title = {{Bio-material polylactic acid/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blend development for extrusion-based additive manufacturing}}, url = {{https://ojs.ugent.be/autex/article/view/11499}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8628296, abstract = {{Bio-material polylactic acid and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) were blended to achieve increased ductility of the blend. Cloisite was added to improve the stiffness of the blend. The blends were made into filament suitable for extrusion-based additive manufacturing. Melt flow index of the filament and mechanical properties of the printed bars were tested. Preliminary results showed that the melt flow index increases significantly with cloisite and the modulus of polylactic acid/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) improved slightly. The notched impact strength of the blend increased with increasing content of cloisite, and it increased significantly after annealing, especially for blends without cloisite.}}, articleno = {{157}}, author = {{Wang, Sisi and Daelemans, Lode and Fiorio, Rudinei and Xia, H. and Zhang, Jia and Gou, M. and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen and Cardon, Ludwig}}, booktitle = {{AUTEX 2019, 19th World Textile Conference on Textiles at the Crossroads}}, isbn = {{9789079892068}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{4}}, title = {{Bio-material polylactic acid/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blend developed for extrusion- based additive manufacturing}}, url = {{https://ojs.ugent.be/autex/article/view/11499}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8639405, author = {{De Keer, Lies and Karsu, K.I. and Van Steenberge, Paul and Frisch, H. and Daelemans, Lode and De Clerck, Karen and Reyniers, Marie-Françoise and Barner- Kowollik, C. and Dauskardt, R.W. and D'hooge, Dagmar}}, booktitle = {{16th Pacific Polymer Conference (PPC16), Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Singapore, Singapore}}, pages = {{18}}, title = {{From molecule to material performance : multiscale design of (in)organic network polymers}}, url = {{https://www.pacificpolymer.org/public.asp?page=home.html}}, year = {{2019}}, } @misc{01GTVCS0KST6X71B8WW5CJ5QEF, abstract = {{In article number 1807434, Dagmar R. D'hooge, Karen De Clerck, and co-workers develop a direct route to control the interfacial bonding between two polymeric materials through molecular diffusion during in situ chemical formation of one of those materials. This route is used to create nanofibrous hybrid materials that have excellent toughness. The image shows a nanofibre ligament bridging a microcrack, resulting in highly toughened hybrid materials.}}, articleno = {{1970051}}, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and Van Paepegem, Wim and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1616-301X}}, keywords = {{Electrochemistry,Condensed Matter Physics,Biomaterials,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{8}}, pages = {{1}}, series = {{ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}}, title = {{Composite Materials: Excellent nanofiber adhesion for hybrid polymer materials with high toughness based on matrix interdiffusion during chemical conversion (Adv. Funct. Mater. 8/2019)}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201970051}}, volume = {{29}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8620122, author = {{Phan, Kim and Van Den Broeck, Elias and Van Speybroeck, Veronique and De Clerck, Karen and Raes, Katleen and De Meester, Steven}}, booktitle = {{GCE/GSC conference, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Reston, VA, USA}}, title = {{Exploring the potential of anthocyanins as a natural dye for non-food applications}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8620308, abstract = {{Nanofibrous materials produced via electrospinning are characterized by a high porosity, large specific surface area, and high pore interconnectivity and, therefore, show potential for, e.g., separation and filtration. The development of more inert nanofibers with higher thermal and chemical resistance extends the application field. Silica nanofibrous membranes produced by direct electrospinning of a sol–gel solution without a sacrificing carrier meet these challenging demands. A combination of hydrolysis and condensation reactions of the tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) precursor, results in dense silica nanofibers with superior mechanical properties, without a rough and uneven surface, allowing the use in advanced engineering applications.}}, author = {{Loccufier, Eva and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Esquivel, Dolores and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{AUTEX2019 : 19th world textile conference on textiles at the crossroads}}, isbn = {{9789079892068}}, keywords = {{Electrospinning,Silica,Sol-gel synthesis,Hydrophobicity,Viscosity}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{6}}, publisher = {{AUTEX}}, title = {{Electrospinning of silica nanofibers without carrier polymer for advanced engineering applications}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8628560, author = {{Wang, Sisi and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen and Cardon, Ludwig}}, booktitle = {{Polymer Process Engineering 2019 (PPE19) : abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Bradford, UK}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Extrusion based additive manufacturing of biobased polymers}}, year = {{2019}}, } @article{8627257, abstract = {{Recently, the use of repellents for preventing the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases is getting increasingly more attention. However, most of the current repellents are volatile in nature and must be frequently re-applied as their efficacy is only limited to a short period of time. Therefore, a slow release and abrasion-resistant mechanism is needed for prolonging the protection time of the repellents. The focus of this study is on the direct micro-encapsulation of repellents from an emulsion and integration of already encapsulated repellents into nanofibres via electrospinning. Different repellents were electrospun in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous structures, namely p-menthane-3,8-diol micro-capsules, permethrin, chilli and catnip oil. The repellents were successfully incorporated in the nanofibres and the tensile properties of the resulting samples did not have a significant change. This means that the newly created textiles were identical to current PVA nanofibrous textiles with the added benefit of being mosquito repellent. Principally, all incorporated repellents in the nanofibrous structures showed a significantly reduced number of mosquito landings compared to the control. Consequently, the currently described method resulted in a new and very effective repelling textile material that can be used in the prevention against mosquito-associated diseases.}}, articleno = {{182139}}, author = {{Ciera, Lucy and Beladjal, Lynda and Van Landuyt, Lieve and Menger, David and Holdinga, Maarten and Mertens, Johan and Van Langenhove, Lieva and De Clerck, Karen and Gheysens, Tom}}, issn = {{2054-5703}}, journal = {{ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE}}, keywords = {{electrospinning,mosquito,repellent,emulsion,micro-capsules,INSECT REPELLENTS,ENCAPSULATION,MORPHOLOGY}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{8}}, pages = {{12}}, title = {{Electrospinning repellents in polyvinyl alcohol-nanofibres for obtaining mosquito-repelling fabrics}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.182139}}, volume = {{6}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8608211, author = {{Bossier, Sander and Gohari Derakhshandeh, Parviz and Kaczmarek, Anna and Loccufier, Eva and Gheysens, Tom and Van Der Voort, Pascal and De Clerck, Karen and Dubruel, Peter and Leus, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Netherlands' Catalysis and Chemistry Conference, 20th, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands}}, title = {{Orthogonal tandem oxidative carboxylation of styrene by VPOM@CTF@PA-4,6 nanofiber}}, year = {{2019}}, } @article{8609881, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0040-5280}}, journal = {{UNITEX}}, language = {{dut}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{51--51}}, publisher = {{Prof. Dr. em. M. Van Parys}}, title = {{Nieuws uit de vakgroep : nieuwe analysetechnieken aan Ugent verbinden de microwereld van textiel met onze macroscopische wereld}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8612751, author = {{Verschatse, Olivier and Daelemans, Lode and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{Understanding the small scale to predict the large scale}}, year = {{2019}}, } @article{8598945, articleno = {{1807434}}, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and Van Paepegem, Wim and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1616-301X}}, journal = {{ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{Electrochemistry,Electronic,Optical and Magnetic Materials,Condensed Matter Physics,Biomaterials}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{8}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{Excellent nanofiber adhesion for hybrid polymer materials with high toughness based on matrix interdiffusion during chemical conversion}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201807434}}, volume = {{29}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8619799, abstract = {{Fiber reinforced polymer composites are the go-to materialfor designing applications thatrequire a high strength and stiffness at minimal weight such as aerospace structures, wind turbines or ultralight vehicles. However, delamination between the reinforcing plies remains a major occurring failure type.Interleaving electrospun nanofibres between the reinforcing plies has proven to be a viable interlaminar toughening method which significantly limitsthe occurrence of delamination failure in composites. This contributionsgives an overview into the relationship between the electrospun nanofibre properties and the resulting toughenedcomposites.}}, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and Meireman, Timo and Van Paepegem, Wim and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH WORLD TEXTILE CONFERENCE}}, isbn = {{9789079892068}}, keywords = {{COMPOSITES,FRACTURETOUGHNESS,ELECTROSPINNING,NANOFIBERS,CRACK GROWTH}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{5}}, publisher = {{Open Journal System of Ghent University}}, title = {{Nanofibers for damage resistant composite materials}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8627516, author = {{Loccufier, Eva and Daelemans, Lode and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Book of abstracts : XX international sol-gel conference : next generation}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Sint-Petersburg, Russia}}, pages = {{48--49}}, publisher = {{ITMO University ; ISGS (International Sol-Gel Society)}}, title = {{Electrospinning of silica nanofibrous membranes for the separation of heterogeneous azeotropes}}, year = {{2019}}, } @article{8612400, abstract = {{Electrospun nanofibre interleaving has a great potential for toughening of composite laminates as an effective, safe and industrially relevant method. Although many studies showcase large increases in delamination resistance, these are typically obtained under either Mode I or Mode II loading and for a wide variety of nanofibres. Here, we present a more general approach towards simultaneous excellent Mode I and Mode II delamination resistance using a single nanofibre system without the need for additional chemical modification steps or speciality polymers. It is illustrated based on the concept of interdiffusion of polycaprolactone nanofibres during the curing process into the epoxy matrix resin for improved adhesion. The results show that for a simultaneous increase in Mode I and Mode II delamination resistance, the adhesion and the fibre morphology of the nanofibres are crucial. The methodology is then expanded to allow for industrial relevant working windows by core-shell structured polyamide/polycaprolactone nanofibres. This approach results in a of 650 ± 50 J m-2 (+ca. 60% vs. virgin material) and a of 3160 ± 35 J m-2 (+ca. 60% vs. virgin material).}}, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and Kizildag, Nuray and Van Paepegem, Wim and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0266-3538}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{General Engineering,Ceramics and Composites}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{143--150}}, title = {{Interdiffusing core-shell nanofiber interleaved composites for excellent Mode I and Mode II delamination resistance}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.03.019}}, volume = {{175}}, year = {{2019}}, } @article{8598943, articleno = {{107578}}, author = {{Geerinck, Ruben and De Baere, Ives and De Clercq, Geert and Daelemans, Lode and Ivens, Jan and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0264-1275}}, journal = {{MATERIALS & DESIGN}}, keywords = {{Mechanical Engineering,General Materials Science,Mechanics of Materials}}, language = {{eng}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{One-shot production of large-scale 3D woven fabrics with integrated prismatic shaped cavities and their applications}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.107578}}, volume = {{165}}, year = {{2019}}, } @article{8628993, abstract = {{Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, polarizing microscope (POM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, strategies to close the gap on applying conventional processing optimizations for the field of 3D printing and to specifically increase the mechanical performance of extrusion-based additive manufacturing of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filaments by annealing and/or blending with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) were reported. For filament printing at 210 °C, the PLA crystallinity increased significantly upon annealing. Specifically, for 2 h of annealing at 100 °C, the fracture surface became sufficiently coarse such that the PLA notched impact strength increased significantly (15 kJ m−2). The Vicat softening temperature (VST) increased to 160 °C, starting from an annealing time of 0.5 h. Similar increases in VST were obtained by blending with PHB (20 wt.%) at a lower printing temperature of 190 °C due to crystallization control. For the blend, the strain at break increased due to the presence of a second phase, with annealing only relevant for enhancing the modulus.}}, articleno = {{1529}}, author = {{Wang, Sisi and Daelemans, Lode and Fiorio, Rudinei and Gou, Maling and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Clerck, Karen and Cardon, Ludwig}}, issn = {{2073-4360}}, journal = {{POLYMERS}}, keywords = {{extrusion-based additive manufacturing,poly(lactic acid),poly(3-hydroxybutyrate),annealing,notched impact strength}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{9}}, pages = {{13}}, title = {{Improving mechanical properties for extrusion-based additive manufacturing of poly(lactic acid) by annealing and blending with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091529}}, volume = {{11}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8671577, author = {{Kalaoglu Altan, Özlem İpek and Azimi, Bahareh and Danti, Serena and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{EUPOC 2019 – Electrospinning and related techniques : from design to production of advanced polymer materials and devices, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Como, Italy}}, pages = {{68--68}}, title = {{Electrospun nanofibers for skin-contact applications}}, year = {{2019}}, } @article{8586957, abstract = {{In this study, benzophenone was introduced onto partially hydrolyzed poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx-PEI) to prepare a poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-benzophenone (PEtOx-BP) copolymer, which was used to produce water stable nanofibers via aqueous electrospinning and photocrosslinking. Three different ultraviolet (UV) irradiation methods, i.e. pre-crosslinking before electrospinning, in-situ crosslinking during electrospinning and post-crosslinking after electrospinning, were used to prepare crosslinked nanofibers. The influence of UV-irradiation at these different stages of the nanofiber production process was investigated in terms of alterations in viscosity, nanofiber morphology and water stability of the fibers. It was shown that pre-crosslinking the polymer solutions had a great influence on the solution viscosity which could both positively or negatively alter the stability of the electrospinning process. Whereas the strategy of crosslinking nanofibers during the production process did not lead to uniform nor water-stable nanofibers, the pre-crosslinking and post-crosslinking strategies greatly increased the water stability of the nanofibers. In both techniques the crosslinking density and therefore water solubility can be easily tuned by manipulating the polymer concentration, UV-irradiation time and membrane thickness. Complete insolubility, i.e. the formation of crosslinked networks, was achieved by the post-cross linking strategy. This work provides straightforward methods to increase the water stability of the PEtOx nanofibers, which will definitely be of great value to biomedical applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering.}}, author = {{Li, Yin and Vergaelen, Maarten and Schoolaert, Ella and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0014-3057}}, journal = {{EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{Electrospinning,Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline),Benzophenone,UV-irradiation,Crosslinking,Nanofibers,POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE),NANOPARTICLES,CHEMISTRY,FIBERS}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{24--30}}, title = {{Effect of crosslinking stage on photocrosslinking of benzophenone functionalized poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) nanofibers obtained by aqueous electrospinning}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.030}}, volume = {{112}}, year = {{2019}}, } @article{8644205, abstract = {{Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)s (PEtOx) have received substantial attention for various potential biomedical applications, yet they have not been explored as scaffold materials to any extensive degree. A major challenge to open up future applications is to overcome the poor water stability of these materials. We here propose a universal crosslinking strategy for these materials based on a partial acidic hydrolysis of PEtOx to poly[(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-co-(ethylenimine)] (PEtOx-EI) followed by exposure to glutaraldehyde vapour to create water-stable scaffolds. To demonstrate the utility of this approach two different fabrication techniques were used to make 2-and 3-dimensional structures, namely solution electrospinning and fused deposition modelling (FDM). Because the partial hydrolysis results in increased hydrophilicity, the crosslinking conditions for the fine PEtOx-EI nanofibers were carefully tuned to enable crosslinking of the nanofibers prior to a loss of the nanofibrous morphology. Conversely, for the thicker FDM printed PEtOx-EI structures the crosslinking conditions are more tolerant. Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde vapour provided water-stability to both 2D and 3D constructs, which is an important asset for biomedical applications.}}, articleno = {{109218}}, author = {{Kalaoglu Altan, Özlem İpek and Li, Yin and McMaster, Rebecca and Shaw, Aby and Hou, Zhanyao and Vergaelen, Maarten and Hoogenboom, Richard and Dargaville, Tim R and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0014-3057}}, journal = {{EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{Electrospinning,Fused deposition modelling,Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline),Glutaraldehyde,Crosslinking,Bioextrusion,TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS,3-DIMENSIONAL SCAFFOLDS,PORE-SIZE,NANOFIBERS,POLY(2-OXAZOLINE)S,FABRICATION,HYDROGELS}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{8}}, title = {{Crosslinking of electrospun and bioextruded partially hydrolyzed poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) using glutaraldehyde vapour}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109218}}, volume = {{120}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8620866, author = {{Schoolaert, Ella and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Abstracts : the 6th international conference on electrospinning}}, keywords = {{Aqueous electrospinning,nanofibers,optical sensors,thermoresponsive polymers,stimuli-sensitive dyes}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Shanghai, PR China}}, pages = {{202--202}}, publisher = {{Donghua University}}, title = {{Going from polymer to application : ecofriendly solvent electrospinning of optical nanofibrous sensors}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8644206, articleno = {{Abstract 552}}, author = {{Schoolaert, Ella and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY}}, issn = {{0065-7727}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Orlando, FL}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{From polymer to application : solvent electrospinning of poly(2-oxazoline)s}}, volume = {{257}}, year = {{2019}}, } @inproceedings{8569249, author = {{De Buysser, Klaartje and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Loccufier, Eva and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{MRS Spring meeting, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Phoenix, AZ, USA}}, title = {{Electrospinning and functionalisation of silicon oxide nanofibres via sol-gel technology}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{8582803, articleno = {{T11}}, author = {{Wang, Sisi and D'hooge, Dagmar and Ragaert, Kim and De Clerck, Karen and Cardon, Ludwig}}, booktitle = {{P70 - Polymer Engineering International / UK-China AMRI}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Bradford, UK}}, title = {{Recent Advances in Extrusion based Additive Manufacturing Material Developments}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{8583440, articleno = {{P178}}, author = {{Wang, Sisi and De Clerck, Karen and Cardon, Ludwig}}, booktitle = {{International Conference on Polymers and Moulds Innovations - PMI 2018}}, editor = {{Pontes, António}}, isbn = {{978-989-20-8809-9}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Minho - Portugal}}, pages = {{5}}, publisher = {{Institute of Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Portugal}}, title = {{Polylactic acid/poly-3-hydroxybutyrate applications in extrusion based additive manufacturing}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{8589851, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Loccufier, Eva and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and De Buysser, Klaartje}}, booktitle = {{ELEN2018 : ELectrospinning for ENergy conference}}, keywords = {{Electrospinning,silica,ceramics}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Montpellier, France}}, title = {{Electrospinning of silica nanofibers without carrier polymer for advanced applications}}, year = {{2018}}, } @misc{01GTVBJCKHZE2PV15KM46MSE78, articleno = {{1870313}}, author = {{Loccufier, Eva and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Daelemans, Lode and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1616-301X}}, keywords = {{Electrochemistry,Condensed Matter Physics,Biomaterials,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{44}}, pages = {{1}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, series = {{ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}}, title = {{Azeotrope separation : silica nanofibrous membranes for the separation of heterogeneous azeotropes (Adv. Funct. Mater. 44/2018)}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201870313}}, volume = {{28}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{8556768, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Daelemans, Lode}}, booktitle = {{Electrospin 2018 International Conference}}, editor = {{Smit, Eugene}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Stellenbosch, South Africa}}, pages = {{29--29}}, publisher = {{The Stellenbosch Nanofiber Company (Pty) Ltd.}}, title = {{Current status in composite laminates enhanced by electrospun nanofibres}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{8598932, articleno = {{551}}, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and Steyaert, Iline and Schoolaert, Ella and Goudenhooft, Camille and Rahier, Hubert and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{2079-4991}}, journal = {{NANOMATERIALS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{7}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, title = {{Nanostructured hydrogels by blend electrospinning of polycaprolactone/gelatin nanofibers}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/nano8070551}}, volume = {{8}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{8574639, abstract = {{Nanofibrous materials produced through electrospinning are characterized by a high porosity, large specific surface area, and high pore interconnectivity and, therefore, show potential for, e.g., separation and filtration. The development of more inert nanofibers with higher thermal and chemical resistance extends the application field to high-end purification. Silica nanofibrous membranes produced by direct electrospinning of a sol-gel solution without a sacrificing carrier, starting from tetraethoxysilane, meet these challenging requirements. After electrospinning the membrane is highly hydrophobic. Storage under dry conditions preserves this property. Oppositely, a superhydrophilic membrane is obtained by storage under high humidity (month scale). This switch is caused by the reaction of ethoxy groups, present due to incomplete hydrolysis of the precursor, with moisture in the air, resulting in an increased amount of silanol groups. This transition can be accelerated to hour scale by applying a heat treatment, with the additional increase in cross-linking density for temperatures above 400 degrees C, enabling applications that make use of hydrophobic and hydrophilic membranes by tuning the functionalization. It is showcased that upon designing the water repellent or absorbing nature of the silica material, fast gravity-driven membrane separation of heterogeneous azeotropes can be achieved.}}, articleno = {{1804138}}, author = {{Loccufier, Eva and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Daelemans, Lode and D'hooge, Dagmar and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1616-301X}}, journal = {{ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{electrospun nanofibrous membranes,heterogeneous azeotrope separation,silica,wettability switch,ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS,WATER SEPARATION,FLUX,SUPERHYDROPHOBICITY,ULTRAFILTRATION,MICROFILTRATION,PERFORMANCE,CONVERSION,SURFACES,EMULSION}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{44}}, pages = {{10}}, title = {{Silica nanofibrous membranes for the separation of heterogeneous azeotropes}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201804138}}, volume = {{28}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{8623540, author = {{Cohades, Amaël and Daelemans, Lode and Ward, Charlie and Meireman, Timo and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen and Michaud, Véronique}}, booktitle = {{ECCM18 - 18th European Conference on Composite Materials : proceedings}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Athens, Greece}}, pages = {{8}}, title = {{Size limitations on achieving tough and healable fibre reinforced composites through the use of thermoplastic nanofibres}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{8598934, author = {{Cuvellier, Audrey and Torre-Muruzabal, Ana and Kizildag, Nuray and Daelemans, Lode and Ba, Yannick and De Clerck, Karen and Rahier, Hubert}}, issn = {{0142-9418}}, journal = {{POLYMER TESTING}}, keywords = {{Organic Chemistry,Polymers and Plastics}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{146--156}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{Coaxial electrospinning of epoxy and amine monomers in a pullulan shell for self-healing nanovascular systems}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.05.023}}, volume = {{69}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{8598936, author = {{Cohades, Amaël and Daelemans, Lode and Ward, Charlie and Meireman, Timo and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen and Michaud, Véronique}}, issn = {{1359-835X}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}}, keywords = {{Mechanics of Materials,Ceramics and Composites}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{485--495}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{Size limitations on achieving tough and healable fibre reinforced composites through the use of thermoplastic nanofibres}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.07.002}}, volume = {{112}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{8543586, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and Cohades, Amaël and Meireman, Timo and Beckx, Jasper and Spronk, Siebe and Kersemans, Mathias and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Michaud, Véronique and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0264-1275}}, journal = {{MATERIALS & DESIGN}}, keywords = {{Nano particles,Damage tolerance,Electrospinning,Toughening,Compression after impact,CAI}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{170--184}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{Electrospun nanofibrous interleaves for improved low velocity impact resistance of glass fibre reinforced composite laminates}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.12.045}}, volume = {{141}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{8586960, abstract = {{Poly(2-oxazoline)-based biomaterials have shown significant potential for various applications in the past decade. Herein, we present a methodology for the design of degradable diselenide-cross-linked nanofibers by aqueous electrospinning of selenol (SeH)-modified poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx). The selenol groups have been introduced into PEtOx by reacting partially hydrolyzed PEtOx (poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline-)-co-ethylenimine (PEtOx-EI)) with gamma-butyroselenolactone, whereby ring-opening upon reaction with the secondary amine groups in the polymer backbone yields selenol side chains. Subsequent aqueous electrospinning of the selenol-containing PEtOx was linked water-stable nanofibers, ascribed to the formation of diselenide cross-links. The effects of changes in the experimental parameters and the influence of the selenium content on the electrospinning process were investigated in detail. Dynamic exchange between the remaining free SeH groups and diselenide bonds formed upon cross-linking enabled a tunable dissolution of the PEtOx-based nanofibers, which could be controlled by changing both the temperature and cross-linking density. Furthermore, the dissolution of the diselenide cross-linked nanofibers could also be induced by the exchange of diselenide groups under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.}}, author = {{Li, Yin and Vergaelen, Maarten and Pan, Xiangqiang and Du Prez, Filip and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0024-9297}}, journal = {{MACROMOLECULES}}, keywords = {{DRUG-DELIVERY,MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES,POLYMERIC NANOFIBERS,FACILE SYNTHESIS,SCAFFOLDS,MEMBRANES,LINKING,BLOCK,NANOPARTICLES,BIOMATERIALS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{15}}, pages = {{6149--6156}}, title = {{In situ cross-linked nanofibers by aqueous electrospinning of selenol-functionalized poly(2-oxazoline)s}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01113}}, volume = {{51}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{8561225, abstract = {{Here, we introduce a novel concept for the fabrication of colored materials with significantly reduced dye leaching through covalent immobilization of the desired dye using plasmagenerated surface radicals. This plasma dye coating (PDC) procedure immobilizes a preadsorbed layer of a dye functionalized with a radical sensitive group on the surface through radical addition caused by a short plasma treatment. The non-specific nature of the plasmagenerated surface radicals allows for a wide variety of dyes including azobenzenes and sulfonphthaleins, functionalized with radical sensitive groups to avoid significant dye degradation, to be combined with various materials including PP, PE, PA6, cellulose, and PTFE. The wide applicability, low consumption of dye, relatively short procedure time, and the possibility of continuous PDC using an atmospheric plasma reactor make this procedure economically interesting for various applications ranging from simple coloring of a material to the fabrication of chromic sensor fabrics as demonstrated by preparing a range of halochromic materials.}}, articleno = {{1123}}, author = {{De Smet, Lieselot and Vancoillie, Gertjan and Minshall, Peter and Lava, Kathleen and Steyaert, Iline and Schoolaert, Ella and Van De Walle, Elke and Dubruel, Peter and De Clerck, Karen and Hoogenboom, Richard}}, issn = {{2041-1723}}, journal = {{NATURE COMMUNICATIONS}}, keywords = {{SURFACE-ACTIVE COMPOUNDS,ROSE-BENGAL,POLY(ETHYLENE) SURFACES,TEXTILE,MATERIALS,NITRAZINE YELLOW,CHEMICAL SENSORS,PH,BRUSHES,NANOFIBERS,SULFATE}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{11}}, title = {{Plasma dye coating as straightforward and widely applicable procedure for dye immobilization on polymeric materials}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03583-4}}, volume = {{9}}, year = {{2018}}, } @inproceedings{8556775, author = {{Schoolaert, Ella and D'hooge, Dagmar and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Electrospin 2018 international conference}}, editor = {{Smit, Eugene}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Stellenbosch, South Africa}}, pages = {{59--59}}, publisher = {{Stellenbosch Nanofiber Company (Pty) Ltd.}}, title = {{Can Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) be electrospun from water ? Yes !}}, year = {{2018}}, } @article{8541242, abstract = {{Sensors play a major role in many applications today, ranging from biomedicine to safety equipment, where they detect and warn us about changes in the environment. Nanofibers, characterized by high porosity, flexibility, and a large specific surface area, are the ideal material for ultrasensitive, fastresponding, and user-friendly sensor design. Indeed, a large specific surface area increases the sensitivity and response time of the sensor as the contact area with the analyte is enlarged. Thanks to the flexibility of membranes, nanofibrous sensors cannot only be applied in high-end analyte detection, but also in personal, daily use. Many different nanofibrous sensors have already been designed; albeit, the most straightforward and easiest-to-interpret sensor response is a visual change in color, which is of particular interest in the case of warning signals. Recently, many researchers have focused on the design of so-called colorimetric nanofibers, which typically involve the incorporation of a colorimetric functionality into the nanofibrous matrix. Many different strategies have been used and explored for colorimetric nanofibrous sensor design, which are outlined in this feature article. The many examples and applications demonstrate the value of colorimetric nanofibers for advanced optical sensor design, and could provide directions for future research in this area.}}, articleno = {{1702646}}, author = {{Schoolaert, Ella and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1616-301X}}, journal = {{ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{METAL-HALIDE PEROVSKITES,QUANTUM-DOT PHOTODETECTORS,CHARGE-CARRIER DYNAMICS,NARROW-BAND,INFRARED PHOTODETECTORS,SOLAR-CELLS,RECOMBINATION,PHOTOVOLTAICS,FORMAMIDINIUM,PHOTODIODES,colorimetric sensors,nanofibers,optical sensors,solvent-electrospinning}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{38}}, pages = {{26}}, title = {{Colorimetric nanofibers as optical sensors}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201702646}}, volume = {{27}}, year = {{2017}}, } @article{8541246, author = {{Cuvellier, A. and Torre-Muruzabal, A. and Van Assche, G. and De Clerck, Karen and Rahier, H.}}, issn = {{0142-9418}}, journal = {{POLYMER TESTING}}, keywords = {{DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY,MOLECULAR-SIZE DISTRIBUTION,HOLLOW GLASS-FIBERS,MICROVASCULAR NETWORKS,MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES,POLYMERIC MATERIALS,COMPOSITES,EPOXY,CURE,ELECTROSPUN}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{302--310}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{Selection of healing agents for a vascular self-healing application}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2017.07.013}}, volume = {{62}}, year = {{2017}}, } @article{8536522, abstract = {{With increasing toxicity and environmental concerns, electrospinning from water, i.e., waterborne electrospinning, is crucial to further exploit the resulting nanofiber potential. Most water-soluble polymers have the inherent limitation of resulting in water-soluble nanofibers, and a tedious chemical cross-linking step is required to reach stable nanofibers. An interesting alternative route is the use of thermoresponsive polymers, such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), as they are water-soluble beneath their lower critical solution temperature (LCST) allowing low-temperature electrospinning while the obtained nanofibers are water-stable above the LCST. Moreover, PNIPAM nanofibers show major potential to many application fields, including biomedicine, as they combine the well-known on off switching behavior of PNIPAM, thanks to its LCST, with the unique properties of nanofibers. In the present work, based on dedicated turbidity and rheological measurements, optimal combinations of polymer concentration, environmental temperature, and relative humidity are identified allowing, for the first time, the production of continuous, bead-free PNIPAM nanofibers electrospun from water. More specifically, PNIPAM gelation was found to occur well below its LCST at higher polymer concentrations leading to a temperature regime where the viscosity significantly increases without compromising, the polymer solubility. This opens up the ecological, water-based production of uniform PNIPAM nanofibers that are stable in water at temperatures above PNIPAM's LCST, making them suitable for various applications, including drug delivery and switchable cell culture substrates.}}, author = {{Schoolaert, Ella and Ryckx, Paulien and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Maji, Samarendra and Van Steenberge, Paul and D'hooge, Dagmar and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1944-8244}}, journal = {{ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}}, keywords = {{POLY-N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE,THERMORESPONSIVE POLYMERS,DRUG-RELEASE,BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS,AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS,GENE DELIVERY,NANOFIBERS,TEMPERATURE,SENSORS,BEHAVIOR,poly(N-isopropylacrylamide),aqueous media,electrospinning nanofibers,lower critical solution temperature,rheology}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{28}}, pages = {{24100--24110}}, title = {{Waterborne electrospinning of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) by control of environmental parameters}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b05074}}, volume = {{9}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{8556780, articleno = {{UNSP 142006}}, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{17TH WORLD TEXTILE CONFERENCE AUTEX 2017 - SHAPING THE FUTURE OF TEXTILES}}, issn = {{1757-8981}}, keywords = {{VAPOR SORPTION,BEHAVIOR}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Corfu, Greece}}, pages = {{UNSP 142006:1--UNSP 142006:3}}, publisher = {{IOP Publishing}}, title = {{Moisture sorption in naturally coloured cotton fibres}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/254/14/142006}}, volume = {{254}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{8556783, articleno = {{UNSP 102007}}, author = {{Kizildag, Nuray and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Ucar, N. and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{17TH WORLD TEXTILE CONFERENCE AUTEX 2017 - SHAPING THE FUTURE OF TEXTILES}}, issn = {{1757-8981}}, keywords = {{PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION,CHITOSAN NANOFIBERS,FIBERS,PHOTODEGRADATION,NANOPARTICLES,IRRADIATION,FABRICATION,COMPOSITE,MECHANISM}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Corfu, Greece}}, pages = {{UNSP 102007:1--UNSP 102007:6}}, publisher = {{IOP Publishing}}, title = {{Coaxial nanofibers containing TiO2 in the shell for water treatment applications}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/254/10/102007}}, volume = {{254}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{8556807, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Schoolaert, Ella and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and De Buysser, Klaartje and Hoogenboom, Richard}}, booktitle = {{ElectrospinCY_2017}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Cyprus}}, pages = {{32--32}}, title = {{Advanced colorimetric sensors based on dye-functionalized nanofibers}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{8548640, abstract = {{3D woven fabrics can have a lot of advantages when used as reinforcement in for example composites or concrete elements. These new woven fabrics with integrated prismatic shaped cavities are produced in one single run eliminating a lot of manual labour and in the case of composites lead to an improved resistance against delamination. In this paper, these fabrics are used to produce composites and concrete elements which are subjected to three point bending tests. The first tests show promising results as well for the composites as for the concrete reinforcement.}}, author = {{Geerinck, Ruben and De Baere, Ives and De Clercq, Geert and Proia, Alessandro and Matthys, Stijn and Ivens, Jan and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Textiles and Mass Customisation}}, keywords = {{3D woven fabrics,3D composites,3D concrete reinforcement}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{6}}, title = {{Woven fabrics with integrated prismatic shaped cavities for technical applications}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{8629108, abstract = {{Fiber reinforced polymer composites are the material of choice for designing applications which require a high strength and stiffness at minimal weight such as aerospace structures, wind turbines or ultralight vehicles. However, delamination between the reinforcing plies remains a major problem as it limits further breakthrough of these materials. Recently, interleaving electrospun nanofibres between the reinforcing plies has proven to be a viable interlaminar toughening method which can significantly limit the occurrence of delamination failure in composite materials. This presentation will give a thorough insight into the relationship between the electrospun nanofibre properties and the resulting tough composites, and as such, allow for engineering novel and damage resistant nanofiber toughened composites.}}, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and Meireman, Timo and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{International Conference on Intelligent Textiles and Mass Customisation (ITMC2017) : proceedings}}, keywords = {{composites,electrospinning,delamination,mechanical properties}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent}}, pages = {{3}}, title = {{Electrospun nanofibers for highly toughened fibre reinforced polymer composite laminates}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{8556913, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and Meireman, Timo and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{ElectrospinCY_2017}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Cyprus}}, pages = {{62--62}}, publisher = {{University of Cyprus}}, title = {{Nano-engineering highly toughened fibre reinforced polymer composites by interleaving electrospun nanofibres for advanced applications}}, year = {{2017}}, } @article{8507673, abstract = {{Adding toughening particles to composite laminates is a common approach to increase their delamination resistance. More recently, interleaving the laminated structures with electrospun (thermoplastic) nanofibrous veils is shown to be a viable toughening method. Where toughening composite laminates with nanofibrous interleaves becomes more and more evident under static conditions, the effectiveness under fatigue loadings has yet to be proven. This article provides insight in the nanofibre toughening mechanisms acting under fatigue conditions. Several nanofibre types with a high potential for toughening are considered. A substantial decrease of the delamination propagation rate up to one order of magnitude was obtained for all tested nanofibre types. Furthermore, two distinct zones of delamination behaviour are observed in nanofibre interleaved laminates on exposure to cyclic loading. These insights reveal the crucial design parameters which allow for the production of nanofibre toughened composites with an improved fatigue life.}}, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and van der Heijden, Sam and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1359-835X}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING}}, keywords = {{Nanocomposites,Damage tolerance,Fatigue,Electrospinning}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{10--20}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{Improved fatigue delamination behaviour of composite laminates with electrospun thermoplastic nanofibrous interleaves using the Central Cut-Ply method}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.12.004}}, volume = {{94}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{8556812, author = {{Meireman, Timo and van der Heijden, Sam and Daelemans, Lode and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{ElectrospinCY_2017}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Cyprus}}, pages = {{83--83}}, publisher = {{University of Cyprus}}, title = {{Interlaminar toughening of resin transfer moulded laminates by electrospun polycaprolactone : effect of interleave morphology}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{8569300, abstract = {{Previous work has shown that electrospun nanofibers can significantly improve the interlaminar fracture toughness of fiber reinforced composites. In this work the effect of the morphology of the toughening polymer is analysed by incorporating five different polycaprolactone (PCL) structures (nanofibers, microfibers, microspheres, dense films and PCL spray coated glass fibres) in the interlaminar regions (van der Heijden, 2016).}}, author = {{Meireman, Timo and van der Heijden, Sam and Daelemans, Lode and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MECHANICS AND MATERIALS IN DESIGN (M2D2017)}}, isbn = {{978-989-98832-7-7}}, keywords = {{nano-structures,resin transfer moulding (RTM),delamination}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Albufeira, PORTUGAL}}, pages = {{551--552}}, publisher = {{Inegi-feup}}, title = {{Interlaminar toughening of resin transfer molded laminates by electrospun polycaprolactone structures : effect of the interleave morphology}}, year = {{2017}}, } @article{8507013, author = {{van der Heijden, Sam and Daelemans, Lode and De Bruycker, Kevin and Simal, Robin and De Baere, Ives and Van Paepegem, Wim and Rahier, Hubert and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0263-8223}}, journal = {{COMPOSITE STRUCTURES}}, keywords = {{INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS,TRIAZOLINEDIONE CLICK CHEMISTRY,CARBON,FIBER/EPOXY COMPOSITE,MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES,MODE-I,NANOFIBROUS MATS,PHASE-SEPARATION,EPOXY COMPOSITE,NANOCOMPOSITES,INTERFACE,Nano composites,Resin transfer molding (RTM),Delamination,SBS,Electrospinning}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{12--20}}, title = {{Novel composite materials with tunable delamination resistance using functionalizable electrospun SBS fibers}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.09.057}}, volume = {{159}}, year = {{2017}}, } @article{8510809, author = {{Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Teixido, Helena and Meire, Mieke and Van Acker, Thibaut and Deventer, Koen and Vanhaecke, Frank and Van Hulle, Stijn and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1383-5866}}, journal = {{SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{TiO2 nanoparticles,Photodegradation,Polyamide nanofibers,Silica nanofibers,Isoproturon,PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION,COMPOSITE SYSTEMS,NANOPARTICLES,ISOPROTURON,POLLUTANTS,TITANIA,OXIDATION,FIBERS,DYE}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{533--541}}, title = {{TiO2 functionalized nanofibrous membranes for removal of organic (micro)pollutants from water}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.02.037}}, volume = {{179}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{8509636, author = {{Geerinck, Ruben and De Baere, Ives and De Clercq, Geert and De Corte, Wouter and De Clerck, Karen and Ivens, Jan and Degrieck, Joris}}, booktitle = {{8th International Conference on Composites Testing and Model Identification}}, editor = {{Lomov, SV and Gorbatikh, L and Swolfs, Y}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{1--2}}, publisher = {{KU Leuven}}, title = {{PRODUCTION AND EVALUATION OF COMPOSITES CONSISTING OF WOVEN FABRICS WITH INTEGRATED PRISMATIC SHAPED CAVITIES}}, year = {{2017}}, } @inproceedings{8556809, author = {{Schoolaert, Ella and D'hooge, Dagmar and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{ElectrospinCY_2017}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Cyprus}}, pages = {{81--81}}, publisher = {{University of Cyprus}}, title = {{Waterborne Electrospinning of Poly(N-Isopropyl Acrylamide) towards Stable Nanofibers}}, year = {{2017}}, } @article{7202753, abstract = {{Today, fiber-reinforced polymer composites are a standard material in applications where a high stiffness and strength are required at minimal weight, such as aerospace structures, ultralight vehicles, or even flywheels for highly efficient power storage systems. Although fiber-reinforced polymer composites show many advantages compared to other materials, delamination between reinforcing plies remains a major problem limiting further breakthrough. Traditional solutions that have been proposed to toughen the interlaminar region between reinforcing plies have already reached their limit or have important disadvantages such as a high cost or the need for adapted production processes. Recently, electrospun nanofibers have been suggested as a more viable interlaminar toughening method. Although the expected benefits are numerous, the research on composite laminates enhanced with electrospun nanofibrous veils is still very limited. The work that has been done so far is almost exclusively focused on interlaminar fracture toughness tests with different kinds of nanofibers, where typically a trial and error approach has been used. A thorough understanding of the micromechanical fracture mechanisms and the parameters to obtain toughened composites has not been reported as of yet, but it is crucial to advance the research and design highly damage-resistant composites. This article provides such insight by analyzing the nanofiber toughening effect on three different levels for several nanofiber types. Only by combining the results from different levels, a thorough understanding can be obtained. These levels correspond to the hierarchical nature of a composite: the laminate, the interlaminar region, and the matrix resin. It is found that each level corresponds to certain mechanisms that result in a toughening effect. The bridging of microcracks by electrospun nanofibers is the main toughening mechanism resulting in damage resistance. Nevertheless, the way in which the nanofiber bridging mechanism expresses itself is different for each scale and dependent on parameters linked to a certain scale. The multiscale analysis of the toughening mechanisms reported in this paper is therefore crucial for understanding the behavior of nanofiber toughened composites, and as such allows for designing novel, damage-resistant, nanofiber-toughened materials.}}, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and van der Heijden, Sam and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, editor = {{Schanze, Kirk}}, issn = {{1944-8252}}, journal = {{ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES}}, keywords = {{nanofiber bridging,fracture toughness,electrospinning,nanocomposites,veils,fiber reinforced polymer,DELAMINATION,STRENGTH,delamination,INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS,MODE-I,CARBON/EPOXY COMPOSITES,CURING CHARACTERISTICS,POLYMER DIFFUSION,PHASE-SEPARATION,EPOXY MATRIX,NANOCOMPOSITES}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{18}}, pages = {{111806--11818}}, title = {{Damage-resistant composites using electrospun nanofibers: a multiscale analysis of the toughening mechanisms}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b02247}}, volume = {{8}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{8034167, abstract = {{Fiber reinforced polymer composite laminates have become a standard material in applications were a high stiffness and high strength are required at minimal weight. Nevertheless, delamination between reinforcing plies and brittle matrix fracture remain the most important failure modes that are encountered in service for laminated composite materials. Although traditional solutions exist to toughen the interlaminar region between reinforcing plies, these systems often have important disadvantages which makes it too difficult to apply them to industrial scale. Recently, electrospun nanofibers have been suggested as an interlaminar toughening method which is much more viable as the electrospinning is relatively straightforward and scalable while the nanofibers do not affect the composite production process. Nevertheless, although the expected benefits are numerous, the research on composite laminates enhanced with electrospun nanofibrous veils is still very limited. A thorough understanding of the micromechanical fracture mechanisms and the parameters to obtain toughened composites have not been determined as of yet, but it is crucial in order to advance the research into these materials. In this presentation we would like to provides such insights by analyzing the nanofiber toughening effect on three different levels simultaneously for several nanofiber types: (i) the nano reinforced epoxy level, (ii) the interlaminar level and (iii) the laminate level. It was found that each level corresponds to certain (micro)mechanisms that result in a toughening effect. The bridging of microcracks by electrospun nanofibers is the main toughening mechanisms present on all levels. Nevertheless, the obtained increase in interlaminar fracture toughness on the interlaminar and laminate level is dependent on many more parameters which have been overlooked until now and are exposed by our multiscale analysis. In this presentation emphasis will be given on the effect of the mechanical properties of the nanofiber and how it influences the fracture toughness of the composites on these different levels.}}, author = {{van der Heijden, Sam and Daelemans, Lode and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{4th International Conference on Electrospinning}}, editor = {{Pisignano, Dario and Persano, Luana and Camposeo, Andrea}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Otranto, Italy}}, pages = {{1--1}}, publisher = {{Universita del Salento}}, title = {{TOWARDS DAMAGE RESISTANT COMPOSITES USING ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS: A MULTISCALE ANALYSIS OF THE TOUGHENING MECHANISMS}}, url = {{http://conference.unisalento.it/ocs/index.php/electrospin/electrospin2016}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{8035083, abstract = {{Composites, whose use has increased significantly the last decades due to their excellent properties, are prone to failure over time, like any other material. Self-healing materials are being developed to extend their lifetime. Today, most self-healing systems are based on the introduction of microcapsules. Although a lot of progress has been made, the effect of introducing such healing feature on the mechanical properties of the neat material is mainly overlooked, with the microcapsules creating potential artefacts in the neat matrix material. The use of a nanovascular network may show a better solution to apply self-healing systems. Therefore in the present paper we created a nanovascular network by pullulan sacrificial electrospun nanofibers, analysed the flexural properties and compared them to those of the neat matrix material as well as reported microcapsule-based materials. A detailed parameter analysis of the electrospinning process allowed for the production of tailored pullulan nanofibers. The introduction of the pullulan nanofibers showed no effect on the strength and modulus of the neat epoxy. On removal of the pullulan, the properties of the resultant nanovascular epoxy matrix system were somewhat reduced relative to the neat epoxy with an effect in proportion to the volume fraction and the diameter of the channels. However very interesting, the decrease of the mechanical properties of the nanovascular epoxy is far lower than on the introduction of microcapsules and opens potentials for a more appropriate introduction of self-healing systems in composite materials.}}, author = {{Torre Muruzabal, Ana and Daelemans, Lode and Van Assche, G and De Clerck, Karen and Rahier, Hubert}}, booktitle = {{4th International Conference on Electrospinning}}, editor = {{Pisignano, Dario and Persano, Luana and Camposeo, Andrea}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Otranto, Italy}}, pages = {{1--1}}, publisher = {{Universita del Salento}}, title = {{Electrospinning of sacrificial nanofibers for the creation of a self-healing nanovascular network and its effect on the properties of an epoxy matrix}}, url = {{http://conference.unisalento.it/ocs/index.php/electrospin/electrospin2016}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{8556785, author = {{Darko, Godfred and Goethals, Annelies and Torto, Nelson and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{2190-5509}}, journal = {{APPLIED NANOSCIENCE}}, keywords = {{AQUEOUS-SOLUTION,MEMBRANE,FIBERS,JET,FABRICATION,MORPHOLOGY,SYSTEM}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{837--845}}, publisher = {{Springer Nature}}, title = {{Steady state electrospinning of uniform polyethersulfone nanofibers using a non-heated solvent mixture}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-015-0504-9}}, volume = {{6}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{8109195, abstract = {{Fast-response and easy-to-visualize colorimetric nanofibrous sensors show great potential for visual and continuous control of external stimuli. This makes them applicable in many fields, including wound management, where nanofibers serve as an optimal support material. In this paper, fast responding and user-friendly biocompatible, halochromic nanofibrous sensors are successfully fabricated by incorporating the halochromic dyes Methyl Red and Rose Bengal inside a chitosan/poly(e-caprolactone) nanofibrous matrix. The commonly applied dye-doping technique frequently suffers from dye-leaching, which not only reduces the sensor's sensitivity over time but can also induce adverse effects. Therefore, in this work, dye-immobilization is accomplished by covalent dye-modification of chitosan before blend electrospinning. It is shown that efficient dye-immobilization with minimal dye-leaching is achieved within the biomedical relevant pH-region, without significantly affecting the halochromic behavior of the dyes. This is in contrast to the commonly applied dye-doping technique and other dye-immobilization strategies stated in literature. Moreover, the nanofibers show high and reproducible pH-sensitivity by providing an instantaneous color change in response to change in pH in aqueous medium and when exposed to acidic or basic gases. The results stated within this work are of particular interest for natural (bio) polymers for which covalent modification combined with electrospinning provides a universal method for versatile dye-functionalization of large area nanofibrous membranes with proper dye-immobilization.}}, author = {{Schoolaert, Ella and Steyaert, Iline and Vancoillie, Gertjan and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Lava, Kathleen and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{2050-750X}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B}}, keywords = {{POLYCAPROLACTONE,DESIGN,CELLULOSE,DERIVATIVES,NANOFIBERS,AZO-DYES,OPTICAL SENSORS,NITRAZINE YELLOW,ROSE-BENGAL,CELLULOSE,DERIVATIVES,DESIGN,IMMOBILIZATION,POLYCAPROLACTONE,IMMOBILIZATION}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{26}}, pages = {{4507--4516}}, title = {{Blend electrospinning of dye-functionalized chitosan and poly(ε-caprolactone) : towards biocompatible pH-sensors}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1039/c6tb00639f}}, volume = {{4}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{8604752, abstract = {{The development of so-called smart materials, i.e. materials that are able to sense and respond to changes in their environment, is a hot topic in today’s research. Halochromic dyes show high potential within this field as pH-changes are visualized by a fast and simple change of color.[1] A smart halochromic sensor can be fabricated by incorporating such halochromic dye into a suitable matrix material, resulting in a custom, user-friendly product, providing clear information in a non-destructive way. Polymer nanofibers are a very well suited matrix material since nanofibrous nonwovens are characterized by a high specific surface area, small pore size, high pore volume and high absorbance capacity, making them ideal candidates for advanced, fast-responding sensor applications.[2] Dye-immobilization is, currently, a major challenge in nanofibrous sensor design as dye-doped solvent electrospinning, i.e.the most commonly applied processing technique, suffers from leaching of the dye out of the nanofibrous network.[3] Our research focuses on dye-immobilization through covalent dye-modification, where the polymer backbone is modified with a halochromic dye before the electrospinning process, providing a covalent linkage between the dye and the polymer. This technique is of particular interest for the application of natural (bio)polymers, such as chitosan.[4] The nanofibrous structure is ideally produced via blend electrospinning, which allows for the selection of a suitable carrier polymer that is widely available and well electrospinnable along with an appropriate amount of dye-modified polymer for the specific application. Of course, the question arises, if the modification of the polymer has a significant influence on the electrospinning process and, moreover, if the halochromic properties of the dye are maintained within the nanofibrous network. Within our research, chitosan was successfully modified and blend electrospun for the production of halochromic nanofibers. We found that the covalent modification could both positively as well as negatively affect the electrospinnability of the polymer. Additionally, dye-migration was significantly reduced within the entire pH-range, without majorly affecting the halochromic properties of the dyes. Future work will include the selection of a dye with a suitable pH-range for the intended application, without negatively affecting the electrospinning process. Nevertheless, our research already showed the great potential of the combination of covalent modification with electrospinning, especially for natural (bio)polymers, as it provides a universal method for versatile dye-functionalization of large-area nanofibrous nonwovens.}}, author = {{Schoolaert, Ella and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{BPG Annual Meeting 2016_Book of Abstracts}}, keywords = {{Nanofibers,Electrospinning,stimuli-sensitive dyes,optical sensor}}, language = {{und}}, location = {{Hasselt, Belgium}}, pages = {{129--129}}, title = {{Blend electrospinning of dye-functionalized chitosan and polycaprolactoe : towards biocompatible pH-sensors}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{6998491, author = {{De Meyer, Thierry and Steyaert, Iline and Hemelsoet, Karen and Hoogenboom, Richard and Van Speybroeck, Veronique and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0143-7208}}, journal = {{DYES AND PIGMENTS}}, keywords = {{Halogen bonding,Polyamide 6,Dyes,Sensor materials,Sulfonphthaleine,Halochromism,DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY,SEAWATER PH MEASUREMENTS,ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS,BROMOPHENOL BLUE,PHENOL RED,AZO DYES,SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION,BROMOCRESOL PURPLE,ABSORPTION-SPECTRA,SENSITIVE FUNCTION}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{249--257}}, title = {{Halochromic properties of sulfonphthaleine dyes in a textile environment: the influence of substituents}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.09.007}}, volume = {{124}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{6959183, abstract = {{The critical parameters determining the electrospinning of silica nanofibers starting from tetraethoxysilane sols are reported. By controlling the reaction conditions, the rheological properties of the sol allowed for electrospinning without needing the addition of an organic polymer. This allows the polymer removal step, which is deleterious to the fibers and an economic and ecological inconvenience, to be skipped. The effects on the electrospinning process of the viscosity of the sol, the concentration of ethanol, the degree of crosslinking and the size of the colloidal species were studied in depth with ATR-FTIR, Si-29 NMR, H-1 NMR and DLS. Moreover, to separate the contributions of the different parameters three different set-ups for sol preparation were used. An optimum amount of 9 mol L-1 ethanol for electrospinning was determined. In addition, the optimum degree of crosslinking and size of colloidal particles, approximately 3.5-7 nm, were obtained for stable electrospinning and for producing uniform, beadless nanofibers that were stable in time. The optimum viscosity range is in between 100 and 200 mPa s, which is in line with previous work. Using these optimum conditions, continuous electrospinning was carried out for 3 h, resulting in large flexible silica nanofibrous membranes.}}, author = {{Geltmeyer, Jozefien and De Roo, Jonathan and Van den Broeck, Freya and Martins, José and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0928-0707}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{NMR,Sol-gel,TEOS,Nanofibers,GEL PROCESS,FIBERS,FABRICATION,COMPOSITE,SPECTROSCOPY,SPECTRA,SOLVENT,Electrospinning}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{453--462}}, title = {{The influence of tetraethoxysilane sol preparation on the electrospinning of silica nanofibers}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-015-3875-1}}, volume = {{77}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{8507692, abstract = {{Today, fiber reinforced polymer composites are a standard material in applications where a high stiffness and strength are required at minimal weight. Although fiber reinforced polymer composites show many advantages compared to other materials, delamination between reinforcing plies remains a major problem limiting further breakthrough. Previous work has shown that electrospun nanofibers can significantly improve the interlaminar fracture toughness of fiber reinforced composites thus preventing delaminations. In the present paper, the effect of the morphology of the toughening polymer is analyzed by incorporating different polycaprolactone structures in the interlaminar regions. Both Mode I and Mode II interlaminar facture toughness of composites containing five different electrospun morphologies - nanofibers, microfibers, microspheres, dense films, and PCL spray coated glass fibers - were evaluated. Analyzing the fracture behavior of the PCL toughened laminates ensures a better insight in the micro mechanical fracture mechanisms behind the observed interlaminar fracture toughness and results in guidelines on the optimal interleave morphology. The results clearly demonstrate the distribution of PCL in the interlayer has a large effect on the crack path of the delamination and the resulting interlaminar fracture toughness. In order to improve the interlaminar fracture toughness in both Mode I as well as Mode II without adverse effects, porous PCL structures such as PCL nanofibers, microfibers, and micro spheres are much more suitable than non-porous structures such as PCL films or spray-coated glass fibers. Among the porous structures, the nanofibers had an overall better performance with an increase in Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of about 60% and 80% respectively. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}}, author = {{van der Heijden, Sam and Daelemans, Lode and Meireman, Timo and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0266-3538}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES,MODE-I,COMPOSITE-MATERIALS,FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS,NANOFIBROUS MATS,EPOXY-RESIN,FIBER,NANOCOMPOSITES,INTERFACE,BEHAVIOR,Nano-structures,Resin transfer moulding (RTM),Delamination}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{10--17}}, publisher = {{Elsevier Sci Ltd}}, title = {{Interlaminar toughening of resin transfer molded laminates by electrospun polycaprolactone structures : effect of the interleave morphology}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.09.024}}, volume = {{136}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{8501546, abstract = {{pH-Sensitive dyes are increasingly applied on polymer substrates for the creation of novel sensor materials. Recently, these dye molecules were modified to form a covalent bond with the polymer host. This had a large influence on the pH-sensitive properties, in particular on the acidity constant (pKa). Obtaining molecular control over the factors that influence the pK(a) value is mandatory for the future intelligent design of sensor materials. Herein, we show that advanced molecular dynamics (MD) methods have reached the level at which the pK(a) values of large solvated dye molecules can be predicted with high accuracy. Two MD methods were used in this work: steered or restrained MD and the insertion/deletion scheme. Both were first calibrated on a set of phenol derivatives and afterwards applied to the dye molecule bromothymol blue. Excellent agreement with experimental values was obtained, which opens perspectives for using these methods for designing dye molecules.}}, author = {{De Meyer, Thierry and Ensing, Bernd and Rogge, Sven and De Clerck, Karen and Meijer, Evert Jan and Van Speybroeck, Veronique}}, issn = {{1439-4235}}, journal = {{CHEMPHYSCHEM}}, keywords = {{Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Atomic and Molecular Physics,and Optics,DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY,PH-SENSITIVE FUNCTION,TEXTILE MATERIALS,AQUEOUS-SOLUTION,LIQUID WATER,FREE-ENERGY,PKA VALUES,HALOCHROMIC PROPERTIES,SULFONPHTHALEINE DYES,NITRAZINE YELLOW,acidity,dyes/pigments,free energy methods,molecular dynamics,steered molecular dynamics}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{21}}, pages = {{3447--3459}}, title = {{Acidity constant (pKa) calculation of large solvated dye molecules : evaluation of two advanced molecular dynamics methods}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201600734}}, volume = {{17}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{7159952, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and van der Heijden, Sam and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0266-3538}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{Fibre bridging,Damage tolerance,Nano particles,Delamination,Electro-spinning,INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS,MODE-I,COMPOSITE-MATERIALS,CARBON/EPOXY COMPOSITES,ELECTROSPUN FIBERS,DAMAGE RESISTANCE,PHASE-SEPARATION,DELAMINATION,INTERLAYERS,MECHANISM}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{17--26}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{Using aligned nanofibres for identifying the toughening micromechanisms in nanofibre interleaved laminates}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.11.021}}, volume = {{124}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{7159968, author = {{Steyaert, Iline and Rahier, Hubert and Van Vlierberghe, Sandra and Olijve, Jos and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0268-005X}}, journal = {{FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS}}, keywords = {{Modulated temperature differential,Cold-gelling,scanning calorimetry,Cold-water-soluble,Gelatin,Nanofiber,Electrospinning,DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY,ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS,BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS,BIOPOLYMER NANOFIBERS,DRUG-DELIVERY,FIBER MATS,NANOPARTICLES,SCAFFOLDS,SELECTION,FILMS}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{200--208}}, title = {{Gelatin nanofibers: analysis of triple helix dissociation temperature and cold-water-solubility}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.01.016}}, volume = {{57}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{7197165, abstract = {{Nanofibre membranes are studied extensively in water treatment. Inappropriate storage, however, could alter their performance, e.g. regarding water filtration. This shows the need for investigating this effect in more detail so as to offer a solution for long-term behaviour and stability. In this study, polyamide nanofibre membranes were treated under different conditions, simulating the diverse storage conditions and to simulate their use in water filtration systems. Under all these different settings, nanofibre properties (scanning electron microscope pictures, dimensional changes, tensile strength) and water filtration performance (clean water permeability (CWP), bacterial removal) were investigated. The results demonstrate that, as soon as the dimensional change of a membrane is >2%, the CWP, tensile strength and bacterial removal significantly decrease. These dimensional changes occurred when the membrane became dry after it had been in contact with water. As such, it is important to keep the membrane either in dry or in wet conditions to store its unique properties. When heat-treated, the membrane had a higher tensile strength and kept its morphology and characteristics better during storage.}}, author = {{Daels, Nele and Harinck, Lies and Goethals, Annelies and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, issn = {{0273-1223}}, journal = {{WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{electrospinning,membrane stability,microfiltration,nanofibres,3D FIBER ORIENTATION,OPTIMIZATION,PERFORMANCE,PARAMETERS,MORPHOLOGY,EFFICIENCY,NETWORKS,HUMIDITY,FILTERS,MBR}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{8}}, pages = {{1920--1926}}, title = {{Structure changes and water filtration properties of electrospun polyamide nanofibre membranes}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.033}}, volume = {{73}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{8050496, abstract = {{Delamination between reinforcing plies is one of the most important failure mechanisms encountered in composite laminates during use. Interleaving composites with electrospun nanofibrous veils is proving to be a viable technique in order to increase the delamination resistance. The veils can easily be placed in the resin rich interlayers prior to production and do not require a dispersion in the matrix resin such as traditional particle toughening techniques. Furthermore, they are easily produced by electrospinning. Although there are many expected obvious benefits, the research on composites toughened with electrospun nanofibres is still very limited. We will give thorough insight into the toughening micromechanisms that are present in laminates interleaved with nanofibrous veils. The bridging of microcracks by nanofibres is shown to be the main mechanism resulting in an increased interlaminar fracture toughness. Upon crack extension, nanofibres will bridge the newly formed crack surfaces and take up energy by straining, yielding and fracture. Several parameters are identified which influence this nanofibre bridging, and thus the observed interlaminar fracture toughness. This allows us to accurately determine the crucial parameters and toughening mechanisms which is necessary for the design of advanced damage resistance composite materials.}}, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and van der Heijden, Sam and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{17th European Conference on Composite Materials}}, isbn = {{978-3-00-053387-7}}, keywords = {{Nanofibres,Electrospinning,Fracture toughness,Damage resistance,Delaminaion}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Munich, Germany}}, pages = {{1--8}}, publisher = {{European Society for Composite Materials (ESCM)}}, title = {{Increasing the damage resistance of composites by interleaving them with electrospun nanofibrous veils}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{8040538, author = {{Torre Muruzabal, Ana and Daelemans, Lode and Van Assche, Guy and De Clerck, Karen and Rahier, Hubert}}, issn = {{0142-9418}}, journal = {{POLYMER TESTING}}, keywords = {{RELATIVE-HUMIDITY,COMPOSITE,NANOCHANNELS,EVAPORATION,MORPHOLOGY,FIBERS}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{78--83}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{Creation of a nanovascular network by electrospun sacrificial nanofibers for self-healing applications and its effect on the flexural properties of the bulk material}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.06.026}}, volume = {{54}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{8034213, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Schoolaert, Ella and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Steyaert, Iline and Vancoillie, Gertjan and Hoogenboom, Richard}}, booktitle = {{Electrospinning, 4th International conference, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Otranto, Italy}}, title = {{Blend electrospinning of dye functionalized polymer nanofibres for colorimetric sensors}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{8034377, author = {{Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Vancoillie, Gertjan and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Electrospinning, 4th International conference, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Otranto, Italy}}, title = {{Colorimetric HCl and NH3 sensing via dye modified silicon oxide nanofibrous membranes}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{8035242, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Schoolaert, Ella and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Vancoillie, Gertjan and Steyaert, Iline and De Buysser, Klaartje and Hoogenboom, Richard}}, booktitle = {{Electrospinning : science and application, EMPA workshop, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{St-Gallen, Switzerland}}, publisher = {{EMPA}}, title = {{Dye-functionalized electrospun nanofibers for colorimetric sensors}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{8127485, articleno = {{abstract O 10B}}, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Schoolaert, Ella and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Steyaert, Iline and Vancoillie, Gertjan and Hoogenboom, Richard}}, booktitle = {{IC³EM 2016 book of abstracts}}, isbn = {{9789899963900}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Lisbon, Portugal}}, pages = {{abstract O 10B:104--abstract O 10B:104}}, title = {{Dye functionalized nanofibers for fast, reversible and easy read-out colorimetric sensor materials}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{8127502, articleno = {{abstract SG 6 (P28)}}, author = {{Schoolaert, Ella and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{IC³EM 2016 book of abstracts}}, isbn = {{9789899963900}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Lisbon, Portugal}}, pages = {{abstract SG 6 (P28):126--abstract SG 6 (P28):126}}, title = {{Blend electrospinning of dye-functionalized chitosan and polycaprolactone: towards biocompatible PH-sensors}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{8127546, author = {{van der Heijden, Sam and Daelemans, Lode and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{4th International Conference on Electrospinning}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Otranto, Italy}}, pages = {{1--1}}, title = {{TOWARDS DAMAGE RESISTANT COMPOSITES USING ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS: A MULTISCALE ANALYSIS OF THE TOUGHENING MECHANISMS}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{8127576, abstract = {{Composites, whose use has increased significantly the last decades due to their excellent properties, are prone to failure over time, like any other material. Self-healing materials are being developed to extend their lifetime. Today, most self-healing systems are based on the introduction of microcapsules. Although a lot of progress has been made, the effect of introducing such healing feature on the mechanical properties of the neat material is mainly overlooked, with the microcapsules creating potential artefacts in the neat matrix material. The use of a nanovascular network may show a better solution to apply self-healing systems. Therefore in the present paper we created a nanovascular network by pullulan sacrificial electrospun nanofibers, analysed the flexural properties and compared them to those of the neat matrix material as well as reported microcapsule-based materials. A detailed parameter analysis of the electrospinning process allowed for the production of tailored pullulan nanofibers. The introduction of the pullulan nanofibers showed no effect on the strength and modulus of the neat epoxy. On removal of the pullulan, the properties of the resultant nanovascular epoxy matrix system were somewhat reduced relative to the neat epoxy with an effect in proportion to the volume fraction and the diameter of the channels. However very interesting, the decrease of the mechanical properties of the nanovascular epoxy is far lower than on the introduction of microcapsules and opens potentials for a more appropriate introduction of self-healing systems in composite materials.}}, author = {{Torre Muruzabal, Ana and Daelemans, Lode and Van Assche, Guy and De Clerck, Karen and Rahier, Hubert}}, booktitle = {{4th International Conference on Electrospinning}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Otranto, Italy}}, pages = {{1--1}}, title = {{Electrospinning of sacrificial nanofibers for the creation of a self-healing nanovascular network and its effect on the properties of an epoxy matrix}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{8127726, author = {{Schoolaert, Ella and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Electrospinning, 4th International conference, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Otranto, Italy}}, title = {{Blend electrospinning of dye-functionalized chitosan and polycaprolactone: towards biocompatible pH-sensors}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{8129569, author = {{Rambour, Stijn and Daelemans, Lode and Kolgjini, Blerina and De Clerck, Karen and D'hooge, Dagmar and Kiekens, Paul}}, booktitle = {{7th bi-annual international conference of polymers and moulds innovations}}, editor = {{Ragaert, Kim and Delva, Laurens and Cardon, Ludwig}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Gent}}, pages = {{111--111}}, publisher = {{Universiteit Gent, Department of Materials Science and Engineering}}, title = {{The impact of processing parameters on the production of monofilaments for artificial turf applications}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{8166617, abstract = {{Colorimetric sensors for monitoring and visual reporting of acidic environments both in water and air are highly valuable in various fields, such as safety and technical textiles. Until now sol-gel-based colorimetric sensors are usually nonflexible bulk glass or thin-film sensors. Large-area, flexible sensors usable in strong acidic environments are not available. Therefore, in this study organically modified silicon oxide nanofibrous membranes are produced by combining electrospinning and sol-gel technology. Two pH-indicator dyes are immobilized in the nanofibrous membranes: methyl yellow via doping, methyl red via both doping, and covalent bonding. This resulted in sensor materials with a fast response time and high sensitivity for pH-change in water. The covalent bond between dye and the sol-gel network showed to be essential to obtain a reusable pH-sensor in aqueous environment. Also a high sensitivity is obtained for sensing of HCl and NH3 vapors, including a memory function allowing visual read-out up to 20 min after exposure. These fast and reversible, large-area flexible nanofibrous colorimetric sensors are highly interesting for use in multiple applications such as protective clothing and equipment. Moreover, the sensitivity to biogenic amines is demonstrated, offering potential for control and monitoring of food quality.}}, author = {{Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Vancoillie, Gertjan and Steyaert, Iline and Breyne, Bet and Cousins, Gabriella and Lava, Kathleen and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1616-301X}}, journal = {{ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA,ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS,SOL-GEL MATRIX,PH-INDICATOR,METHYL RED,TEXTILE MATERIALS,NITRAZINE YELLOW,OPTICAL SENSORS,GAS,NANOPARTICLES}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{33}}, pages = {{5987--5996}}, title = {{Dye modification of nanofibrous silicon oxide membranes for colorimetric HCl and NH3 sensing}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201602351}}, volume = {{26}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{8166658, abstract = {{Crosslinked hydrophilic poly(2-oxazoline)-based nanofibers amenable to facile multifunctionalization are fabricated using alkene-containing poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s (PAOx) via in situ photoinitiated radical thiol-ene crosslinking during electrospinning. The resulting crosslinked nanofibers are demonstrated to be multifunctionalizable using different chemistries as they contain two functional handles, being the alkene moieties from the parent copolymer and the residual thiol groups from the tetra-thiol-based crosslinker. While the thiol groups in these nanofibers could be passivated or conjugated to install functional molecules through thiol-maleimide conjugation, the alkene groups could sequentially be modified with thiol-containing molecules using photoinitiated radical thiol-ene reactions. Utilization of the photochemically induced conjugation of thiol-bearing molecules to the alkene groups on the nanofibers is used to obtain functionalization in a spatially controlled manner.}}, author = {{Kalaoglu-Altan, Ozlem I and Verbraeken, Bart and Lava, Kathleen and Gevrek, Tugce Nihal and Sanyal, Rana and Dargaville, Tim and De Clerck, Karen and Hoogenboom, Richard and Sanyal, Amitav}}, issn = {{2161-1653}}, journal = {{ACS MACRO LETTERS}}, keywords = {{POLYMER NANOFIBERS,ENE CLICK CHEMISTRY,LCST BEHAVIOR,TUNABLE LCST,FIBERS,FUNCTIONALIZATION,IMMOBILIZATION,CYCLOADDITION,STRATEGIES,SCAFFOLDS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{676--681}}, title = {{Multireactive poly(2-oxazoline) nanofibers through electrospinning with crosslinking on the fly}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00188}}, volume = {{5}}, year = {{2016}}, } @article{8507699, author = {{Stubbe, Birgit and Li, Yin and Vergaelen, Maarten and Van Vlierberghe, Sandra and Dubruel, Peter and De Clerck, Karen and Hoogenboom, Richard}}, issn = {{0014-3057}}, journal = {{EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{Electrospinning,Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline),Lab scale,Pilot scale,Aqueous,RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION,POLY(2-OXAZOLINE) HYDROGELS,BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS,NANOFIBERS,POLYMERS,FIBERS,2-ETHYL-2-OXAZOLINE,FABRICATION,MORPHOLOGY}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{724--732}}, title = {{Aqueous electrospinning of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) : mapping the parameter space}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.09.014}}, volume = {{88}}, year = {{2016}}, } @inproceedings{8037278, abstract = {{Delamination and brittle matrix fracture has since long been a problem of fibre reinforced composites. This paper investigates if polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibre nonwovens can increase the interlaminar fracture toughness of resin transfer moulded glass fibre/epoxy laminates, without causing problems during impregnation and without negatively affecting other (mechanical) properties. The mode I fracture toughness was shown to be dependent on both the nanofibre content as well as on how the nanofibres were introduced into the laminates. Almost 100% improvement in fracture toughness could be achieved by electrospinning the PCL nanofibres on both sides of the glass fibre mats prior to impregnation. This led to a mode I fracture toughness of over 1200 J/m2. It could be concluded that even state of the art infusion resins with a high intrinsic fracture toughness can benefit significantly from nanofibre toughening.}}, author = {{van der Heijden, Sam and Daelemans, Lode and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Huber and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{20th International Conference on Composite Material}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Copenhagen, Denmark}}, pages = {{8}}, title = {{Interlaminar toughening of resin transfer moulded glass fibre epoxy laminates by polycaprolactone electrospun nanofibres}}, url = {{http://iccm20.org/fullpapers/file?f=dRpeDO2RaA}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{5967681, abstract = {{Sensors supplying a change in optical properties, easily detectable with the naked eye (visual) or inexpensive equipment such as compact spectrometers (optical), are a very powerful tool to visualise a wide range of parameters, including temperature, light, pH and concentration of chemical substances. Most of these sensors rely on indicator compounds showing a change in optical absorbance (colour) or fluorescence under the influence of a certain parameter. Halochromic dyes, for instance, change colour with pH. Since the use of nanofibres improves sensor sensitivity and response time due to their large surface area to volume ratio, the incorporation of indicator compounds into nanofibres is one of the current challenges in sensor design. This chapter discusses the production of colorimetric and fluorescent nanofibrous membranes for visual and optical monitoring (Sects. 7.3 and 7.4), supplemented by some fundamental information on those sensing systems (Sect. 7.2) and some interesting applications (Sect. 7.5).}}, author = {{Steyaert, Iline and Rahier, Hubert and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Nanoscience and Technology}}, editor = {{Macagnano, Antonella and Zampetti, Emiliano and Kny, Erich}}, isbn = {{9783319144061}}, issn = {{1434-4904}}, keywords = {{DYE NITRAZINE YELLOW,VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS,CONJUGATED POLYMER,ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS,CHEMICAL SENSORS,AZO-DYES,PH SENSOR,FLUORESCENCE,BIOSENSORS,MEMBRANES}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Natl ResCouncil, Inst Atmospher Pollut Res, Rome, ITALY}}, pages = {{157--177}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{Nanofibre-based sensors for visual and optical monitoring}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14406-1_7}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{6880529, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and van der Heijden, Sam and De Baere, Ives and Muhammad, Irfan and Van Paepegem, Wim and Rahier, Hubert and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1359-8368}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}}, keywords = {{Preform,Fracture toughness,BLENDS,POLYMER,Tackifier,Delamination,SURFACE FINISH,MODIFIED RESIN,EPOXY COMPOSITES,Resin transfer moulding (RTM),MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR,FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS IMPROVEMENT,POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE),THERMOPLASTIC PREFORMING BINDER}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{145--153}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{Bisphenol A based polyester binder as an effective interlaminar toughener}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.05.044}}, volume = {{80}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{6880573, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and van der Heijden, Sam and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0266-3538}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{NANOCOMPOSITES,DELAMINATION,INTERLAYERS,MORPHOLOGY,Nano particles,Delamination,Damage tolerance,Electro-spinning,Fibre bridging,EPOXY MATRIX,INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS,MODE-I,CURING CHARACTERISTICS,DAMAGE RESISTANCE,PHASE-SEPARATION}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{244--256}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{Nanofibre bridging as a toughening mechanism in carbon/epoxy composite laminates interleaved with electrospun polyamide nanofibrous veils}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.06.021}}, volume = {{117}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{6976872, abstract = {{Bisphenol A based polyester is commonly used in the industry as a binder, or tackifier, to produce cost-saving preforms in Liquid Composite Moulding processes such as Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM). However, it is often reported that the presence of these polyesters has a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting composite laminates. This study shows that interlaminar toughness can be increased without negatively affecting other properties by a applying a bisphenol A based polyester binder. Both polyester modified epoxy resin as well as polyester modified glass/epoxy laminates are studied. It is shown that the presence of the polyester has a profound effect on the curing characteristics and glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin. Furthermore, fracture toughness experiments (Single Edge Notch Bending) show that there is an optimum polyester concentration which leads to a toughened epoxy matrix. Composite laminates are produced from binder coated glass fibre plies with VARTM. Double Cantilever Beam fracture experiments show that the polyester binder increases the Mode I interlaminar toughness by 60 %. Three point bending experiments show that the flexural properties were not negatively affected by the presence of the polyester in the interlaminar region between plies.}}, author = {{Daelemans, Lode and van der Heijden, Sam and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{20TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{Double cantilever beam,Fracture toughness,Binder/tackifier,Vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Copenhagen, Denmark}}, pages = {{10}}, title = {{Using a polyester binder for the interlaminar toughening of glass/epoxy composite laminates}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{5954540, abstract = {{'Smart' materials can be defined as materials that respond to a certain stimulus with a change in their properties. A specific class herein is halochromic textiles, i.e. fibrous materials that change color with pH. Such halochromic textiles play an important role in the continuous monitoring and visual reporting of the pH with applications in various fields, such as wound treatment and protective clothing. pH-sensitive nanofibrous nonwovens have high sensitivity and a fast response time, and are mostly fabricated by introducing a pH-responsive dye via dye-doping of the feed mixture before fabrication. However, this method suffers from leaching of the dye, which is an undesirable effect that not only reduces the output signal strength but can also be detrimental to the environment by causing, for instance, toxicological responses. In this paper, a new strategy is demonstrated for the reduction of dye leaching in electrospun, nanofibrous materials. Through blend electrospinning of polyamide-6 (PA6) with a dye-functionalized copolymer, large sheets of uniform, halochromic nanofibrous material can be fabricated showing a fast pH-sensitive color change. Polymeric entanglements within the nanofiber are proposed to immobilize the dye-functionalized copolymer in the PA6 matrix, resulting in drastically reduced dye leaching. Such stable nanofibrous, PA6-based, halochromic materials are particularly interesting in the design of new colorimetric sensors applicable in several sectors, including the biomedical field, agriculture, safety and technical textiles.}}, author = {{Steyaert, Iline and Vancoillie, Gertjan and Hoogenboom, Richard and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1759-9954}}, journal = {{POLYMER CHEMISTRY}}, keywords = {{OPTICAL SENSORS,PH SENSOR,NITRAZINE YELLOW,CHEMICAL SENSORS,VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS,AZO-DYES,POLYMER,FLUORESCENCE,DESIGN,FIBERS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{14}}, pages = {{2685--2694}}, title = {{Dye immobilization in halochromic nanofibers through blend electrospinning of a dye-containing copolymer and polyamide-6}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1039/c5py00060b}}, volume = {{6}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{5808679, author = {{Luickx, Nathalie and Van den Vreken, Natasja and D'Oosterlinck, Willem and Van der Schueren, Lien and Declercq, Heidi and De Clerck, Karen and Cornelissen, Maria and Verbeeck, Ronald}}, issn = {{1549-3296}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A}}, keywords = {{electrospinning,coating,poly(epsilon-caprolactone),calcium phosphate,nanofibers,NANOFIBROUS SCAFFOLDS,SURFACE MODIFICATION,EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX,POLY(L-LACTIC ACID),BONE REGENERATION,TISSUE,HYDROXYAPATITE,FIBERS,MINERALIZATION,FABRICATION}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{511--524}}, title = {{Optimization of the activation and nucleation steps in the precipitation of a calcium phosphate primer layer on electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.35191}}, volume = {{103}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{5966384, author = {{Vanraes, Patrick and Willems, Gert and Daels, Nele and Van Hulle, Stijn and De Clerck, Karen and Surmont, Pieter and Lynen, Frederic and Vandamme, Jeroen and Van Durme, Jim and Nikiforov, Anton and Leys, Christophe}}, issn = {{0043-1354}}, journal = {{WATER RESEARCH}}, keywords = {{DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE,Energy efficiency,WASTE-WATER,ADVANCED OXIDATION,PEROXONE PROCESS,DEGRADATION,PLASMA,PRODUCTS,REACTOR,H2O2,OZONATION,Degradation by-products,Peroxone,Advanced oxidation processes,Wastewater treatment,Dielectric barrier discharge}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{361--371}}, title = {{Decomposition of atrazine traces in water by combination of non-thermal electrical discharge and adsorption on nanofiber membrane}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.11.009}}, volume = {{72}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{6999403, abstract = {{This work focuses on the application of a novel click chemistry approach, based on triazolinediones (TAD), to produce elastomeric membranes by electrospinning. TAD chemistry has been applied as a post-treatment to tune the mechanical properties of fibrous membranes consisting of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymers. In addition, an eco-friendly SBS electrospinning solution was developed by electrospinning the SBS fibers from a butyl acetate solution to which LiBr and a bifunctional TAD molecule were added to increase the conductivity and the amount of polymer entanglements, respectively. Straightforward postmodification of these fibers was achieved by submerging the SBS membranes in a TAD-acetone solution. The use of, respectively, phenyl TAD or bifunctional TAD allowed for the introduction of phenyl groups as well as chemical cross-links and thus to tune the mechanical properties of the fibers, resulting in an elongation at break between 90 and 700% and a modulus from 100 to over 120 MPa.}}, author = {{van der Heijden, Sam and De Bruycker, Kevin and Simal, Robin and Du Prez, Filip and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0024-9297}}, journal = {{MACROMOLECULES}}, keywords = {{UV-IRRADIATION,POLYBUTADIENE,ENE REACTION,BLOCK-COPOLYMERS,DIENE POLYMERS,TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS,CHEMICAL-REACTIONS,POLYMER NANOFIBERS,COMPOSITES,SCAFFOLDS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{18}}, pages = {{6474--6481}}, title = {{Use of triazolinedione click chemistry for tuning the mechanical properties of electrospun SBS-fibers}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01569}}, volume = {{48}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{6928340, author = {{Daels, Nele and Radoicic, Marija and Radetic, Maja and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, issn = {{1383-5866}}, journal = {{SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{Electrospinning,Microfiltration,Nanofibres,Photodegradation,TiO2 nanoparticles,PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION,TITANIUM-DIOXIDE,STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS,METHYLENE-BLUE,WASTE-WATER,IN-VITRO,PHOTODEGRADATION,FILTRATION,TURBIDITY,COLI}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{488--494}}, title = {{Electrospun nanofibre membranes functionalised with TiO2 nanoparticles : evaluation of humic acid and bacterial removal from polluted water}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.06.016}}, volume = {{149}}, year = {{2015}}, } @inproceedings{8157397, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul}}, booktitle = {{ETP CONFERENCE}}, editor = {{Walter, Lutz}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{BRUSSEL}}, pages = {{1--43}}, publisher = {{EURATEX}}, title = {{Electrospun nanofibres: new potentials and challenges for textile materials}}, year = {{2015}}, } @article{4420867, abstract = {{The moisture sorption behavior of white and naturally colored cotton fibers is studied by dynamic vapor sorption. Dark brown and brown fibers show a higher sorption capacity compared to beige and white fibers. The differences in sorption capacity are found to be related to the maturity and crystallinity index of the fibers. All fibers exhibited sorption hysteresis to varying degrees throughout the full relative humidity range. The variations in hysteresis behavior are mainly attributed to the differences in crystallinity index of the fibers. In addition the monolayer and polylayer moisture content is analyzed using the Hailwood Horrobin model. Monolayer sorption is most closely related to the crystallinity index and, to a lower extent, maturity of the fibers. For beige and white fibers monolayer sorption remains almost constant, whereas for darker fibers it shows a substantial increase with increasing color difference. In contrast, polylayer sorption shows a general increasing trend over the whole studied color spectrum. Also a noticeable relationship was found between the total hysteresis and the monolayer sorption. Yet such relation was less evident for polylayer sorption. This study contributes to the better understanding of the dynamic moisture sorption behavior of white and naturally colored cotton fibers. This improved understanding is important for optimal application of naturally colored cotton fibers in novel materials.}}, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and Goubet, Florence and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0969-0239}}, journal = {{CELLULOSE}}, keywords = {{NATURALLY COLORED COTTON,WATER-VAPOR SORPTION,ADSORPTION-ISOTHERMS,ORGANIC-MATTER,CELLULOSE,MATURITY,KINETICS,MODEL,WOOD,HYSTERESIS,Moisture sorption,Naturally colored cotton,Dynamic vapor sorption,Hailwood and Horrobin model}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{1149--1161}}, title = {{Dynamic moisture sorption behavior of cotton fibers with natural brown pigments}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0206-6}}, volume = {{21}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{5643926, author = {{Steyaert, Iline and Van Assche, Guy and Rahier, Hubert and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{BPG Annual Meeting 2014, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Gent, Belgium}}, pages = {{130--130}}, publisher = {{Belgian Polymer Group}}, title = {{Melting behaviour and crystal structure of polyamide nanofibres analysed using a fast-scanning calorimeter}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{5718747, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and van der Heijden, Sam}}, issn = {{0040-5280}}, journal = {{UNITEX : TWEEMAANDELIJKS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR DE TEXTIELINDUSTRIE}}, language = {{dut}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{44--44}}, title = {{Nieuws uit de Vakgroep Textielkunde: semi-industriële lijn voor productie van nanovezelmembranen}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{5808152, articleno = {{abstract ICE-041-2014}}, author = {{Geltmeyer, Jozefien and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{3rd International Conference on Electrospinning, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Westin San Francisco, USA}}, pages = {{abstract ICE-041-2014:27--abstract ICE-041-2014:27}}, publisher = {{The American Ceramic Society}}, title = {{The influence of viscosity on the stable electrospinning of silica nanofibers}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{5808130, abstract = {{This study describes the importance of heating rate when analysing nanofibres using differential scanning calorimetry and illustrates some pitfalls related to the use of conventional rates (-20 K min-1). The melting behaviour of several polyamide (PA) types was researched using a fast-scanning calorimeter (RHC, T A Instruments) capable of controlled heating rates above 1000 K min-1. Past heating suppresses kinetic processes such as cold crystallization, crystal reorganization and crystalline perfectioning, which can be necessary for a correct-analysis of crystal structures, especially in oriented polymorphous structures such as PA nanofibres. For PA69, for instance, analysis at higher rates reveals that nanofibres have a much more stable crystal structure than bulk material (only 15% of low-melting phase vs. 71 % in bulk). This difference cannot be seen at 20 K min-1 since this crystal phase recrystallizes during heating, indicating the importance of a higher rate. However, high heating rates may result in thermal lag and a reduced resolution. Our results indicate that this effect becomes significant for all samples at rates above 500 K min-1 due to the high porosity of nanofibrous sample (-90%) and thus low thermal conductivity. Finding the golden mean between suppression of kinetic processes and limitation of thermal lag is key and a comparison of the melting behaviour at high and low scan rates is recommended.}}, author = {{Steyaert, Iline and Van Assche, G and Rahier, H and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{3rd International Conference on Electrospinning, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Westin San Francisco, USA}}, pages = {{26--26}}, publisher = {{The American Ceramic Society}}, title = {{(ICE-036-2014) Thermal analysis of nanofibres: the importance of heating rate}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{5808655, author = {{Guido, Emanuela and Colleoni, Claudio and De Clerck, Karen and Plutino, Maria Rosaria and Rosace, Giuseppe}}, issn = {{0925-4005}}, journal = {{SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL}}, keywords = {{Coating,Hybrid organic-inorganic materials,Sol-gel,Epoxy-ring opening,DIRECT DYES,Wearable sensor,METHYL RED,SYSTEMS,COTTON,NMR,FT IR kinetics,NITRAZINE YELLOW,WEARABLE SENSORS,SOL-GEL PROCESS,ORGANIC-INORGANIC MATERIALS,WASH FASTNESS}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{213--222}}, title = {{Influence of catalyst in the synthesis of a cellulose-based sensor: kinetic study of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane epoxy ring opening by Lewis acid}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.06.126}}, volume = {{203}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{5808688, author = {{van der Heijden, Sam and Daelemans, Lode and De Schoenmaker, Bert and De Baere, Ives and Rahier, Hubert and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0266-3538}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS,NANOTUBE-POLYMER COMPOSITES,MATRIX RESIN,MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES,DELAMINATION,MORPHOLOGY,INTERLAYER,STRENGTH,MODE,Nano composites,Resin transfer moulding (RTM),Delamination,Fracture toughness}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{66--73}}, title = {{Interlaminar toughening of resin transfer moulded glass fibre epoxy laminates by polycaprolactone electrospun nanofibres}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.09.005}}, volume = {{104}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{5659166, author = {{Daels, Nele and Radoicic, Marija and Radetic, Maja and Van Hulle, Stijn and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1383-5866}}, journal = {{SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{Microfiltration,Nanofibres,Electrospinning,Photodegradation,TiO2 nanoparticles,PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION,METHYLENE-BLUE,AZO DYES,WATER,NANOCOMPOSITES,FILTRATION,ANATASE,SIZE}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{282--290}}, title = {{Functionalisation of electrospun polymer nanofibre membranes with TiO2 nanoparticles in view of dissolved organic matter photodegradation}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.06.040}}, volume = {{133}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{5660842, author = {{Vanraes, Patrick and Willems, G and Nikiforov, Anton and Daels, Nele and De Clerck, Karen and Surmont, Pieter and Lynen, Frederic and Leys, Christophe}}, booktitle = {{XXII Europhysics Conference on Atomic and Molecular Physics of Ionized Gases, Abstracts}}, isbn = {{291477186X}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Greifswald, Germany}}, pages = {{344--345}}, title = {{The use of pulsed DBD discharge above water in combination with nano-fiber filtration for control of micro-pollutants in water}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{5966330, author = {{van der Heijden, Sam and De Schoenmaker, Bert and Rahier, Hubert and Van Assche, Guy and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0142-9418}}, journal = {{POLYMER TESTING}}, keywords = {{MODULATED-TEMPERATURE DSC,MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES,DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY,FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS,THERMAL-PROPERTIES,CARBON NANOTUBES,CURE KINETICS,COMPOSITE,INTERPHASE,SYSTEMS,Nano-structures,Cure behaviour,Thermal analysis}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{265--272}}, title = {{The effect of the moisture content on the curing characteristics of an epoxy matrix in the presence of nanofibrous structures}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.08.019}}, volume = {{40}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{4353650, abstract = {{Sulfonphthaleine dyes are an important class of pH indicators, finding applications in novel (textile) sensors. In this paper, we present a combined experimental and theoretical study to elucidate the halochromic behaviour of a large set of sulfonphthaleine compounds. Starting from an experimental analysis consisting of UV-Vis spectroscopy, the pH region and the absorption wavelengths related to the colour shift are obtained and pK(a) values are derived. The effect of the substituents on the pH region can be traced back to their electron donating/withdrawing properties. Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) is able to adequately produce the trend in experimental wavelengths. Proton affinities are used to assess the effect of substituents on the pH region. The combination of theory and experiment is able to give a better understanding of the pH sensitivity; the methodology in this work will be useful in future dye design and is applicable to other dye classes as well. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}}, author = {{De Meyer, Thierry and Hemelsoet, Karen and Van Speybroeck, Veronique and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0143-7208}}, journal = {{DYES AND PIGMENTS}}, keywords = {{GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODE,GENERALIZED-GRADIENT-APPROXIMATION,DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY,CONTINUUM SOLVATION METHODS,EXCITED-STATE PROPERTIES,AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS,COMPLETE BASIS-SET,TD-DFT,AZO DYES,THYMOL BLUE,Sulfonphthaleine dyes,Halochromism,TD-DFT,UV-Vis spectroscopy,Substituent effects,pK(a)}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{241--250}}, publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}}, title = {{Substituent effects on absorption spectra of pH indicators: an experimental and computational study of sulfonphthaleine dyes}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2013.10.048}}, volume = {{102}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{4421457, author = {{Steyaert, Iline and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Electrospinning for High Performance Sensing, Abstracts}}, isbn = {{9788862240123}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Rome, Italy}}, pages = {{25--26}}, publisher = {{CNR-IIA}}, title = {{Nanofibrous membranes for visual and optical monitoring: a focus on pH-­‐sensors}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{4407542, articleno = {{40486}}, author = {{Goethals, Annelies and Mugadza, Tawanda and Arslanoglu, Yasin and Zugle, Ruphino and Antunes, Edith and Van Hulle, Stijn and Nyokong, Tebello and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0021-8995}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}}, keywords = {{SCAFFOLDS,FILTRATION,BACTERIA,SINGLET OXYGEN,ELECTROSPUN,CHITOSAN,PHOTOSENSITIZERS,functionalization of polymers,photochemistry,separation techniques,PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY,METAL-PHTHALOCYANINES,TITANIUM-DIOXIDE,electrospinning}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{13}}, pages = {{7}}, title = {{Polyamide nanofiber membranes functionalized with zinc phthalocyanines}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/app.40486}}, volume = {{131}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{4396662, articleno = {{134105}}, author = {{Van Yperen-De Deyne, Andy and De Meyer, Thierry and Pauwels, Ewald and Ghysels, An and De Clerck, Karen and Waroquier, Michel and Van Speybroeck, Veronique and Hemelsoet, Karen}}, issn = {{0021-9606}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS}}, keywords = {{MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES,AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS,DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY,SIMULATIONS,SPECTRA,MONTE-CARLO,FRANCK-CONDON,HERZBERG-TELLER,RESONANCE RAMAN,AQUEOUS-SOLUTION}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{13}}, pages = {{14}}, title = {{Exploring the vibrational fingerprint of the electronic excitation energy via molecular dynamics}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4869937}}, volume = {{140}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{3228837, abstract = {{Silica nanofibres have promising characteristics for multiple applications, such as composites, filtration, catalysis, etc. Electrospinning of silica nanofibres through the sol-gel process has been carried out, but the parameters influencing the electrospinning stability have not been studied in detail. However, this knowledge is necessary for upscaling the process. In this study, the optimum viscosity to electrospin in a stable manner is determined and the preparation procedure to obtain this viscosity is evaluated. A narrow viscosity region in which electrospinning is stable could be determined, moreover this region corresponded with nanofibres having the smallest mean diameter. Uniform nanofibres could be obtained with freshly prepared sols and diluted sols, however electrospinning of the fresh sols was more stable. These results demonstrate the feasibility of upscaling the electrospinning of silica nanofibres, since they are electrospinnable in a stable, reproducible manner.}}, author = {{Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Van der Schueren, Lien and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{13th Autex World Textile Conference, Proceedings}}, editor = {{Cherif, Chokri}}, isbn = {{9783867803434}}, keywords = {{electrospinning,silica,sol-gel,tetraethyl orthosilicate}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Dresden, Germany}}, pages = {{1--4}}, publisher = {{Autex}}, title = {{Stable electrospinning of silica nanofibres: viscosity study}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{3230371, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Steyaert, Iline and Van der Schueren, Lien}}, booktitle = {{XXIII International IFATCC Congress, Proceedings}}, isbn = {{9789639970335}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Budapest, Hungary}}, pages = {{1--6}}, publisher = {{IFATCC}}, title = {{Halochromic textile materials as innovative pH-sensors}}, year = {{2013}}, } @article{3184424, author = {{De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0040-5280}}, journal = {{UNITEX : TWEEMAANDELIJKS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR DE TEXTIELINDUSTRIE}}, language = {{dut}}, number = {{maart}}, pages = {{34--34}}, title = {{Nieuws uit de Vakgroep Textielkunde: composieten versterkt met nanovezels}}, volume = {{1}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4083751, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and van der Heijden, Sam and De Schoenmaker, Bert and De Baere, Ives and Van Paepegem, Wim and Rahier, Hubert}}, booktitle = {{International Istanbul Textile Congress 2013 Innovative and Functional Textiles, Abstracts}}, keywords = {{Nanofibres,fibre-reinforced composites,mechanical properties.}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Istanbul, Turkey}}, pages = {{68--68}}, publisher = {{Istanbul Technical University}}, title = {{The use of nanofibre structures in fibre-reinforced composites: challenges and opportunities}}, year = {{2013}}, } @article{4087797, author = {{De Schoenmaker, Bert and van der Heijden, Sam and Moorkens, Sofie and Rahier, Hubert and Van Assche, Guy and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0266-3538}}, journal = {{COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{THERMOSETTING SYSTEMS,RESIN,CURE KINETICS,MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES,ELECTROSPUN,COMPOSITES,GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE,DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY,NANOCOMPOSITES,MORPHOLOGY,Nano composites,Textile composites,Curing,Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),Electro-spinning}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{35--41}}, title = {{Effect of nanofibres on the curing characteristics of an epoxy matrix}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.02.009}}, volume = {{79}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{3237366, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and van der Heijden, Sam and De Schoenmaker, Bert and De Baere, Ives and Van Paepegem, Wim and Rahier, Hubert}}, booktitle = {{International Istanbul Textile Congress 2013 Innovative and Functional Textiles, Proceedings}}, editor = {{Kalaoglu, Fatma}}, keywords = {{fibre-reinforced composites,Nanofibres,mechanical properties}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Istanbul, Turkey}}, pages = {{1--5}}, publisher = {{ITU / ITKIB-ITA}}, title = {{The use of nanofibre structures in fibre-reinforced composites: challenges and opportunities}}, url = {{http://www.istanbultextilecongress.com/sayfalar/INTRODUCTION.html}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4142174, abstract = {{Recently, several types of nanoparticles are frequently incorporated in reinforced epoxy resin composites. Since it is difficult to obtain a homogeneous dispersion of these nanoparticles, the mechanical improvement of the composites is very moderate. Thermoplastic nanofibrous structures can overcome this issue. Therefore, this paper investigated the effect of electrospun polyamide 6 nanofibrous structures on the mechanical properties of a glass fiber/epoxy composite. The nanofibers are incorporated in the glass fiber/epoxy composite as stand-alone interlayered structures and directly spun on the glass fiber reinforcement. Both incorporation procedures have no negative effect on the impregnation of the epoxy. Incorporation of nanofibers increases the stress at failure in the 0°-direction, the best results are obtained when the nanofibers are directly electrospun on the glass fibers. Optical microscopic images also demonstrate that nanofibers prevent delamination when a 90° crack reaches a neighbourly 0° ply. When the composites are loaded under 45°, it is proven that for an identical stress, the glass fiber composite with deposited nanofibers has less cracks than when interlayered nanofibrous structures are incorporated.}}, author = {{De Baere, Ives and De Schoenmaker, Bert and van der Heijden, Sam and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{CompositesWeek@Leuven}}, editor = {{Gorbatikh, Larissa}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Leuven, Belgium}}, pages = {{8}}, title = {{Modifying the crack growth in a glass fiber reinforced epoxy by adding polyamide 6 nanofibers}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4126330, author = {{Steyaert, Iline and Van der Schueren, Lien and Rahier, Hubert and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Frontiers in Polymer Science}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Sitges, Spain}}, pages = {{1--1}}, title = {{Poster: blend electrospinning of polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibres}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4190710, author = {{Geltmeyer, Jozefien and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Sol-Gel, 17th International conference, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Madrid, Spain}}, title = {{Stable electrospinning of silica nanofibres : influence of viscosity}}, year = {{2013}}, } @article{4185120, abstract = {{The decomposition behavior of cotton fibers is examined using thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of the test parameters on the thermal degradation of raw cotton fibers is determined. Focus is given to the influence of water immersion on the thermal behavior of cotton fibers. For less mature fibers a clear difference is noted between the degradation profiles of the water-immersed and untreated samples. On the contrary, only a small change is noted on the degradation profile for more mature fibers after water immersion. The maturity and variations in water-soluble content of the fiber are found to be important factors influencing the thermal behavior of raw cotton fibers. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) is used to underpin the effect of water immersion on cotton fibers. This improved understanding for the role of maturity and water soluble constituents in thermal degradation of cotton fibers may lead to develop routes that improve thermal stability and smoldering characteristics of cotton fibers as relevant for future applications.}}, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and Van Landuyt, Lieve and Rahier, Hubert and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0969-0239}}, journal = {{CELLULOSE}}, keywords = {{Thermal degradation,PYROLYSIS,Thermogravimetric analysis,AIR,Water immersion,Cotton,FABRICS,DECOMPOSITION,CELLULOSE,THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS,FINE-STRUCTURE}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{1603--1612}}, title = {{The effect of water immersion on the thermal degradation of cotton fibers}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-013-9936-0}}, volume = {{20}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4164918, author = {{Daels, Nele and Goethals, Annelies and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, booktitle = {{IWA BeNeLux Regional Young Water Professionals Conference, 3rd, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Belval, Luxembourg}}, publisher = {{International Water Association (IWA)}}, title = {{Functionalisation of electrospun nanofibre membranes with titaniumdioxide nanoparticles for water treatment}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4164919, author = {{Daels, Nele and Goethals, Annelies and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, booktitle = {{Water and Waste Water Technologies, 10th IWA Leading edge conference, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Bordeaux, France}}, publisher = {{International Water Association (IWA)}}, title = {{Functionalisation of electrospun nanofibre membranes with titaniumdioxide nanoparticles}}, year = {{2013}}, } @article{4208761, abstract = {{Previous research reported on a screening method to assess the functionalisation of bioengineered cotton fibres through the absorption of CI Acid Orange 7. The aim of the present paper is to extend this study to different dye classes. Thus the dye absorption of bioengineered cotton fibres containing oligochitin is studied for a series of dye classes. Statistically significant differences were found between cotton lines designed to produce oligochitin in the fibre and their respective controls for all tested dyes, confirming previous results with CI Acid Orange 7. Further, although variations in micronaire influenced dye absorption, it was confirmed for all dyes tested as well as for CI Acid Orange 7 that the oligochitin production had a larger impact on the exhaustion values than the differences in micronaire. The method described in this paper can be applied as a screening tool to meet the challenge of working with small quantities of fibrous materials. Moreover it shows the potential that the incorporated oligochitin has for increasing dyeability with a wide range of dyes and creating fibres with more versatile reactivity.}}, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and Van Landuyt, Lieve and Goubet, Florence and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1472-3581}}, journal = {{COLORATION TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{CHITOSAN,FABRICS,MATURITY}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{239--245}}, title = {{The sensitivity and impact of dye structure and fibre micronaire on the increased dyeability of bioengineered cotton fibres}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12043}}, volume = {{129}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4208935, author = {{Steyaert, Iline and Rahier, Hubert and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{13th Biennial Bayreuth Polymer Symposium, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Bayreuth, Germany}}, pages = {{1--1}}, publisher = {{Universität Bayreuth}}, title = {{Electrospinnability of a polycaprolactone/chitosan polymer blend using a novel solvent system}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{3237648, abstract = {{In this study, three important subjects, electrospinning of nanofibrous materials suited for biomedical, antibacterial, nanocomposite and electromagnetic shielding applications are mentioned. Electrospinning of any biodegradable and biocompatible polymer is possible by adjusting electrospinning process parameters such as voltage, polymer viscosity, polymer conductivity, polymer flow rate, etc. In this project, it is aimed to make reproducible production of electrospun nanofibrous membranes with using polymers as poly (e-caprolactone) (pcl), polyglycolyde (pga), poly (lactic-colycolic aid) (plga), polylactide (pla) etc. for antibacterial, biomedical, nanocomposite and electromagnetic shielding applications.}}, author = {{Karakas, H and De Clerck, Karen and Sezai Saraç, A and Kalaoglu, F and Baskan, H}}, booktitle = {{International R&D Brokerage Event of 'Innovative and Functional Textile Products', Abstracts}}, keywords = {{functional textile applications,Nanofibres,antibacterial,electromagnetic shielding,electrospinning,biomedical,nanocomposites}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Istanbul, Turkey}}, pages = {{166--168}}, publisher = {{ITKIB-ITA}}, title = {{Electrospinning of nanofibers for functional textile applications}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{3203938, author = {{De Baere, Ives and De Schoenmaker, Bert and van der Heijden, Sam and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{6th International Conference on Composites Testing and Model Identification, Abstracts}}, editor = {{Thomsen, OT and Sørensen, Bent F and Berggreen, Christian}}, isbn = {{8791464498}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Aalborg, Denmark}}, pages = {{173--174}}, title = {{Changes in mechanical behaviour of a glass fibre reinforced epoxy by adding polyamide 6 nanofibres}}, year = {{2013}}, } @article{3223956, abstract = {{Silica nanofibres have, due to their excellent properties, promising characteristics for multiple applications such as filtration, composites, catalysis, etc. Silica nanofibres can be obtained by combining electrospinning and the sol–gel process. To produce silica nanofibres most of the time organic solutions are applied containing a carrying polymer, which is afterwards removed by a thermal treatment to form pure ceramic nanofibres. Although electrospinning of the pure silica precursors without carrying polymer is preferred, the parameters influencing the stability of the electrospinning process are however largely unknown. In addition, this knowledge is essential for potential upscaling of the process. In this study, the optimum viscosity to electrospin in a stable manner is determined and the way to obtain this viscosity is evaluated. Sols with a viscosity between 120 and 200 mPa.s could be electrospun in a stable way, resulting in uniform and beadless nanofibres. Furthermore, this viscosity region corresponded with nanofibres having the lowest mean nanofibre diameters. Electrospinning with diluted sols was possible as well, but electrospinning of the fresh sols was more stable. These results illustrate the importance of the viscosity and degree of crosslinking of the sol for the stable electrospinning of silica nanofibres and demonstrate that upscaling of the electrospinning process of silica nanofibres is feasible}}, author = {{Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Van der Schueren, Lien and Goethals, Frederik and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0928-0707}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{FIBERS,COMPOSITE,GEL PROCESS,GLASS NANOFIBERS,Tetraethyl orthosilicate,Silica,Stability,Electrospinning,Sol-gel,MORPHOLOGY,DIAMETER,RESINS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{188--195}}, title = {{Optimum sol viscosity for stable electrospinning of silica nanofibres}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-013-3066-x}}, volume = {{67}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{3118695, abstract = {{Recently, an increasing interest in pH-sensitive textiles is recognized. These chromic textiles can be used as flexible sensors for various applications. The aim of the current research is to develop textile pH-sensors through the application of pH-sensitive dyes on various textile materials using different techniques. The results of our study show that halochromic dyes can be incorporated into conventional textiles by a conventional dyeing technique. Also coating the fabrics with a sol-gel layer layer containing the halochromic dye proved to be successful. The majority of these developed materials showed a clearly visible color change with a pH-variation. The response of the sensors was dependent on the density of the fabric but was generally relatively fast, especially for the sol-gel treated fabrics. The halochromic coloration of nanofibres was realized by directly adding the dyes during the fiber formation, which was shown to be highly effective. Again, a clear halochromic shift was observed. The response of these sensors was fast thanks to the high porosity of nanofibrous non-wovens. Yet, it should be kept in mind that the halochromic behavior of the dyes in the textile matrix altered compared to their behavior in solution which is most likely attributed to dye-fiber interactions. Generally we can conclude that various coloration techniques showed to be effective for the development of innovative textile pH-sensors.}}, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Advances in Science and Technology}}, editor = {{Vincenzini, P and Carfagna, C}}, isbn = {{9783908158660}}, issn = {{1662-0356}}, keywords = {{dyeing,chromism,sol-gel,electrospinning,pH sensor}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Montecatini Terme, Italy}}, pages = {{47--52}}, publisher = {{Trans Tech Publications}}, title = {{Halochromic textile materials as innovative pH-sensors}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AST.80.47}}, volume = {{80}}, year = {{2013}}, } @article{4243517, author = {{Steyaert, Iline and Delplancke, Marie-Paule and Van Assche, Guy and Rahier, Hubert and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0032-3861}}, journal = {{POLYMER}}, keywords = {{STATE,FIBER,MORPHOLOGY,NYLON-6 NANOFIBERS,MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION,DSC,NANOCOMPOSITES,CRYSTALLIZATION,TEMPERATURE,PERFORMANCE,Fast-scanning calorimetry,Crystal structure,Polyamide nanofibre}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{25}}, pages = {{6809--6817}}, title = {{Fast-scanning calorimetry of electrospun polyamide nanofibres: melting behaviour and crystal structure}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2013.10.032}}, volume = {{54}}, year = {{2013}}, } @article{4438997, author = {{De Schoenmaker, Bert and van der Heijden, Sam and De Baere, Ives and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0142-9418}}, journal = {{POLYMER TESTING}}, keywords = {{Polyamide 6 nanofibres,Stress-strain curves,Structural composites,Optical microscopy,FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS,MATS,CARBON/EPOXY COMPOSITES,Matrix cracking}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{8}}, pages = {{1495--1501}}, title = {{Effect of electrospun polyamide 6 nanofibres on the mechanical properties of a glass fibre/epoxy composite}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.09.015}}, volume = {{32}}, year = {{2013}}, } @article{3062995, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Meyer, Thierry and Steyaert, Iline and Ceylan, Özgür and Hemelsoet, Karen and Van Speybroeck, Veronique and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0144-8617}}, journal = {{CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS}}, keywords = {{BEHAVIOR,MATRIX,INDICATOR,CHITOSAN,FABRICATION,Chitosan,Polycaprolactone,Nanofiber,Hydrophilicity,PH-sensitive,Sensor}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{284--293}}, title = {{Polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibres functionalised with the pH-sensitive dye Nitrazine Yellow}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.003}}, volume = {{91}}, year = {{2013}}, } @article{3118590, abstract = {{To obtain uniform and reproducible nanofibres, it is important to understand the effect of the different electrospinning parameters on the nanofibre morphology. Even though a lot of literature is available on the electrospinning of nanofibres, only minor research has been performed on the effect of the relative humidity (RH). This paper investigates the influence of this parameter on the electrospinning process and fibre morphology of the hydrophilic polyamide 4.6 and the less hydrophilic polyamide 6.9. First, the electrospinning process and deposition area of the nanofibres is examined at 10, 50 and 70 % RH. Subsequently, the effect of the polyamide concentration and solvent ratio on the fibre morphology is investigated using scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the nanofibre diameter decreased with increasing RH. This resulted in less stable crystals for polyamide 4.6 while electrospinning of polyamide 6.9 at higher RH led to slightly more stable crystals. In conclusion, the water affinity of a polymer is an important factor in predicting the nanofibre morphology at different humidities.}}, author = {{De Schoenmaker, Bert and Van der Schueren, Lien and Zugle, Ruphino and Goethals, Annelies and Westbroek, Philippe and Kiekens, Paul and Nyokong, Tebello and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0022-2461}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}}, keywords = {{ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS,NANOCOMPOSITES}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{1746--1754}}, title = {{Effect of the relative humidity on the fibre morphology of polyamide 4.6 and polyamide 6.9 nanofibres}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6934-9}}, volume = {{48}}, year = {{2013}}, } @article{3118617, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and Alongi, Jenny and Van Landuyt, Lieve and Frache, Alberto and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0308-0501}}, journal = {{FIRE AND MATERIALS}}, keywords = {{cone calorimeter,combustion,heat release,cellulosic fibres,CONE CALORIMETER,HEAT RELEASE,OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION,PERFORMANCE,COTTON,APPARATUS,FABRICS,cotton}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{482--490}}, title = {{Combustion characteristics of cellulosic loose fibres}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2147}}, volume = {{37}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4183625, author = {{Geltmeyer, Jozefien and Van der Schueren, Lien and De Buysser, Klaartje and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Colleció e-Treballs d'Informàtica i Tecnologia}}, editor = {{Lagarón, José M and Cabedo, Luis and López, Amparo and Fabra, María J}}, isbn = {{9788480219426}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Barcelona, Spain}}, pages = {{172--173}}, publisher = {{Universitat Jaume. Servei de Communicació i Publicacions}}, title = {{Stable electrospinning of silica nanofibres : influence of viscosity}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/e-TIiT.2013.17}}, volume = {{17}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4183649, author = {{Daels, Nele and Goethals, Annelies and Van Hulle, Stijn and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Colleció e-Treballs d'Informàtica i Tecnologia}}, editor = {{Lagarón, José M and Cabedo, Luis and López, Amparo and Fabra, María J}}, isbn = {{9788480219426}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Barcelona, Spain}}, pages = {{180--181}}, publisher = {{Universitat Jaume. Servei de Communicació i Publicacions}}, title = {{Functionalisation of electrospun nanofibre membranes with titaniumdioxide nanoparticles}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/e-TIiT.2013.17}}, volume = {{17}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4183655, author = {{De Schoenmaker, Bert and van der Heijden, Sam and De Baere, Ives and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Colleció e-Treballs d'Informàtica i Tecnologia}}, editor = {{Lagarón, José M and Cabedo, Luis and López, Amparo and Fabra, María J}}, isbn = {{9788480219426}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Barcelona, Spain}}, pages = {{194--195}}, publisher = {{Universitat Jaume. Servei de Communicació i Publicacions}}, title = {{The effect of electrospun polyamide 6 nanofibres on the mechanical properties of a glass fibre/epoxy composite}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/e-TIiT.2013.17}}, volume = {{17}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{4183657, author = {{Steyaert, Iline and Van Assche, Guy and Rahier, Hubert and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Colleció e-Treballs d'Informàtica i Tecnologia}}, editor = {{Lagarón, José M and Cabedo, Luis and López, Amparo and Fabra, María J}}, isbn = {{9788480219426}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Barcelona, Spain}}, pages = {{211--212}}, publisher = {{Universitat Jaume. Servei de Communicació i Publicacions}}, title = {{Crystal morphology of polyamide nanofibres analysed using fast-scanning calorimetry}}, url = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/e-TIiT.2013.17}}, volume = {{17}}, year = {{2013}}, } @inproceedings{2983892, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{4th international conference 'SMART materials, structures and systems', Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Tuscany, Italy}}, pages = {{90--90}}, publisher = {{CIMTEC}}, title = {{Halochromic textile materials as innovative pH-sensors}}, url = {{http://www.cimtec-congress.org/2012}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{1917707, abstract = {{Electrospinning is a process to generate nanofibrous nonwovens. With these nonwovens, many applications can be targeted, such as water filtration. In this paper, polyamide nanofibrous membranes are evaluated for their pore size, a key parameter in water filtration, and for their removal of microorganisms. To increase the removal efficiency to values exceeding the state of the art, innovative functionalization of the nanofibres is studied. The nanofibrous membranes are functionalized using a one step method. Different functionalization chemicals are investigated which are Ag nanoparticles and bactericides. Ag functionalized nanofibres are used as a reference medium to compare with a novel bactericide based functionalization system. It is seen that nanofibrous membranes functionalized with the bactericides exceed the normal removal efficiencies obtained by microfiltration membranes. Furthermore, knowledge is built up on how these bactericides are inserted in the nanofibres themselves.}}, author = {{De Vrieze, Sander and Daels, Nele and Lambert, Karel and Decostere, Bjorge and Hens, Zeger and Van Hulle, Stijn and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0040-5175}}, journal = {{TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{microorganisms,Electrospinning,water filtration,WATER,MEMBRANES,FABRICATION,SOLVENT}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{37--44}}, title = {{Filtration performance of electrospun polyamide nanofibres loaded with bactericides}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1177/0040517511416273}}, volume = {{82}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{2022378, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen and Brancatelli, Giovanna and Rosace, Giuseppe and Van Damme, Els and De Vos, Winnok}}, issn = {{0925-4005}}, journal = {{SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL}}, keywords = {{Methyl Red,pH-sensor,Sol–gel,Wide area textile sensor,FLUORESCENT PH INDICATOR,SPECTRAL PROPERTIES,DYES,PERFORMANCE,HUMIDITY,COATINGS,FILMS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{27--34}}, title = {{Novel cellulose and polyamide halochromic textile sensors based on the encapsulation of Methyl Red into a sol–gel matrix}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.11.077}}, volume = {{162}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{2034716, abstract = {{Nanofibres can be processed into several high-end applications due to their unique characteristics, especially when based on a diversity of polymers with specific properties. This, however, requires that the nanofibrous structures are produced in a highly reproducible way. The article gives focus to polyamide (PA) 6.9, a less exploited PA though with interesting properties such as a very low moisture absorption. To trace and understand the dominant parameters that allow for the aimed reproducible characteristics, the influence of the solution parameters on the steady state behaviour during electrospinning as well as the resultant fibre morphology is followed by scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Results show a significant effect of the amount of non-solvent acetic acid, added to the solvent formic acid, on the steady state behaviour and the fibre morphology. The non-solvent acetic acid broadens the steady state window by making the electrospin solutions more suitable to obtain uniform and reproducible nanofibrous structures with a narrow nanofibre diameter distribution. The mixture of the solvent formic acid and the non-solvent acetic acid strongly contributes to the future potentials of PA 6.9 nanofibres, with its leading to a smaller fibre distribution and moreover highly reproducible in time.}}, author = {{De Schoenmaker, Bert and Goethals, Annelies and Van der Schueren, Lien and Rahier, Hubert and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0022-2461}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}}, keywords = {{NANOCOMPOSITES,FIBERS,PARAMETER,STABILITY,JETS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{9}}, pages = {{4118--4126}}, title = {{Polyamide 6.9 nanofibres electrospun under steady state conditions from a solvent/non-solvent solution}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6266-9}}, volume = {{47}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{2034810, abstract = {{The aim of this paper is to establish a test method for the screening of bioengineered cotton fibers with an improved reactivity through the incorporation of positively charged nitrogen moieties. For this purpose a spectrophotometric method based on the absorption of a negatively charged dye (Acid Orange 7) is extensively studied. The processing parameters have been optimized for analyzing small amounts of fibers and the feasibility of the method is examined by using two other well established techniques for nitrogen analysis. Good correlations were obtained between the different methods, however, the reproducibility of the Acid Orange 7 was superior to the other two methods. Moreover, statistically significant differences were found between fibers from cotton lines designed to produce oligochitin and control fibers without oligochitin. This shows that the proposed method is capable of accurately detecting increased nitrogen levels in bioengineered cotton fibers.}}, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and Van Landuyt, Lieve and Van der Schueren, Lien and Hauben, M and De Block, M and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0040-5175}}, journal = {{TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{bioengineered cotton,screening,reactivity,Acid Orange 7}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{8}}, pages = {{801--809}}, title = {{Innovative screening of novel bioengineered cotton fibers containing oligochitin}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1177/0040517511404595}}, volume = {{82}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{2077968, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and Steyaert, Iline and De Schoenmaker, Bert and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0144-8617}}, journal = {{CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS}}, keywords = {{DIAMETER,FIBERS,MORPHOLOGY,FABRICATION,CHITOSAN,Chitosan,Polycaprolactone,Nanofibre,Blend,Fibre morphology}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{1221--1226}}, title = {{Polycaprolactone/chitosan blend nanofibres electrospun from an acetic acid/formic acid solvent system}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.01.085}}, volume = {{88}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{2153977, abstract = {{The aliphatic polyamide 4.6 (PA 4.6) has unique properties compared to the commonly used polyamides 6 (PA 6) and 6.6 (PA 6.6). The purpose of this paper is to produce uniform and reproducible nanofibrous PA 4.6 structures. Therefore, a mixture of the solvent formic acid and the nonsolvent acetic acid is used to dissolve and electrospin the PA 4.6. First the steady-state behaviour of the process and the boundary limits of the solution parameters needed for steady-state electrospinning are investigated. Subsequently, the effect of several solution and process parameters on the fibre morphology is examined, using microscopic techniques and thermal analysis. The polyamide concentration is found to be the dominant parameter affecting the fibre diameter and morphology. Furthermore, tensile tests are performed on upscaled nanofibrous structures and electrospun under optimised steady-state conditions. It is shown that the PA 4.6 nanofibrous structures, compared to nanofibrous nonwovens of PA 6 and PA 6.6, have a higher stress and strain at break.}}, articleno = {{860654}}, author = {{De Schoenmaker, Bert and Van der Schueren, Lien and Ceylan, Özgür and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1687-4110}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS}}, keywords = {{NANOCOMPOSITES,FIBERS,FABRICATION,WATER}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{860654:1--860654:9}}, title = {{Electrospun Polyamide 4.6 Nanofibrous Nonwovens: parameter study and characterization}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1155/2012/860654}}, volume = {{2012}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{2154231, author = {{Steyaert, Iline and Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{The Fiber Society Spring 2012 Conference : Fiber Research for Tomorrow's Applications, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{St. Gallen, Switzerland}}, pages = {{55--56}}, publisher = {{EMPA}}, title = {{Blend electrospinning of Polycaprolactone/Chitosan Nanofibres}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{2154239, author = {{De Meyer, Thierry and Van der Schueren, Lien and Hemelsoet, Karen and Van Speybroeck, Veronique and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{The Fiber Society Spring 2012 Conference : Fiber Research for Tomorrow's Applications, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{St. Gallen, Switzerland}}, pages = {{103--104}}, publisher = {{EMPA}}, title = {{pH sensitivity of Azo Dyes}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{2154242, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and Van Landuyt, Lieve and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{The Fiber Society Spring 2012 Conference : Fiber Research for Tomorrow's Applications, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{St. Gallen, Switzerland}}, pages = {{293--294}}, publisher = {{EMPA}}, title = {{A new tool to evaluate reactivity of novel bioengineered cotton fibers}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{2154244, abstract = {{Many literature is available on the use ofnanofibres for tissue engineering, (bio)mcdicaJ applications, filtration and others, Their possibilities for composites have however much less been exploited. Owing to the high specific surface and low fibre diameter of nanofibres, they are very promising as secondary reinforcement for composites. Therefore, this research focuses on the mechanical properties of an epoxy resin with unidirectional glass fibres as primary reinforcement and polyamide 6 nanofibres as secondary reinforcement. Glass fibre composite plates are compared with composite plates with free interlayered nanofibrous nonwovens and with nanofibres directly electrospun on the unidirectional glass fibre mats. These interlayer nanofibrous structures, approximately 35 )!m thick, were obtained by solvent nozzle electrospinning and had an average fibre diameter of 136 ± 18 nm. The [OO,900h composite plates were produced through the resin transfer moulding process and mechanically characterized by tensile tests. The knee point of the composite plates significantly increased when nanofibres were added between the glass fibre layers, which imply that the matrix was strongly strengthened by the incorporated nanofibres. Also the shear modulus and strength under 45° increased with free interlayered nanofibres. When the nanofibres were directly electrospun on the glass fibres, the strength was even higher. Furthermore, the ratio of Poisson was considerably better when secondary nanofibres were added, especially when they were directly electrospun on the glass fibres. In conclusion, the nanofibrous nonwovens improve the mechanical properties of the glass fibre/epoxy composite plates, especially when loaded under 45°. This research highlights the advantages of adding nanofibres to glass fibre composites, and thus creating an innovative application area for nanofibres.}}, author = {{De Schoenmaker, Bert and De Baere, Ives and Van Paepegem, Wim and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{2th International Conference on Electrospinning, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Jeju, Korea}}, pages = {{6--6}}, publisher = {{Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea}}, title = {{The influence of polyamide 6 nanofibres on the mechanical properties of glass fibre/epoxy composites}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{2154246, abstract = {{Perfonnance Assessment of Functionalized Electrospun Nanofibres for Removal of PathogensKeywords: functionalised nanofibre, pathogen removal, membrane filtration. The c1ectrospinning technique is a process for making continuous nanofibrcs in a nonwoven fonn. This process spins fibres ranging from 80 om diameter to several hundred nanometers. The non-woven structure is produced by app lying a high voltage to the anode, submerged in a spinn ing solution. This produces a charged jet of fluid when the electrical force is highcr than the surface tension of the solution and the fibres are collected on a grounded aluminum plate. Nanofibres have a small pore size and a large surface area to volume ratio compared to nonwovens (this ratio for a nanofibre can be as large as 1000 times of that of a microfibre). This, together with their low density and interconnected open pore structure. make the nanofibre nonwoven appropriate for a wide variety of filtration applications (Huang et al.. 2003). Due to the large effective surface areas. nanofibres can carry functional agents with different properties. such as biocidcs. With microfiltration membranes it is possible to retain suspended solids and micro-organisms. The added value of the tested nanofibre microfiltration membranes functionalized with silver nanoparticles (nAg) or other biocides to pathogen removal was studied. The biocides used in this study are commercially available. WSCP for example. is used as a cooling tower biocide and is applied directly into the water. Silver nanoparticles are nowadays implemented in a wide variety of consumer products for antimicrobial controL The aim of the study is to examine the effectiveness of different biocides and the possibility to electrospin them in a steady state nanofibre membrane. The results show that due to the silver nanoparticles and the funct ionalisation with biocides in the functionalized membrane a higher efficiency (3.9 10giO - 5,5 10glO) could be achieved. Further, the removal of pathogens is a factor 100 (2 10g10) higher with a WSCP (5%) than conventional microfihration. Functionalisation with Ag nanoparticles gave a 4 10gi0 removal. It is generally known that these particles only have effect on gram negative bacteria such as E. coli. WSCP and bronopol are bactericides that can be applicd on c1ectrospun nanofibres and it has also effect on gram positive bacteria (Chen et aI., 2008). The removal with a non-functionalised membrane is not as good as other micro-filtration studies. With other commercial membranes a 2 log I 0 - 4 logl 0 removal is possible (Zodrow et al.. 2009).}}, author = {{Daels, Nele and Goethals, Annelies and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, booktitle = {{2th International Conference on Electrospinning, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Jeju, Korea}}, pages = {{38--38}}, publisher = {{Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology}}, title = {{Performance assessment of functionalized electrospun nanofibres for removal of pathogens}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{2154306, abstract = {{Most of the effort in electrospinning has been spent on the spinning of various single polymer·solvcnt systems. However, the high demand for materials with specific properties indicates the need to eiectrospin polymer blends. Electrospinning of blends containing a synthetic and a natural polymer enables us to combine the favourable characteristics of both (e.g. biocompatibility and sufficient mechanical strength) into one material, which is often necessary in for example medical applications. A morphological characterization of these blend nanofibres is however crucial because there is a broader range of polymer properties influencing the resulting nanofibres. In this work, chitosanlpolycaprolactone (CS/PCL) solutions were electrospun using an acetic acid/fonnie acid solvent system to create antibacterial biodegradable blend nanofibres. The fibres were characterized and the parameters influencing the stability of the production process were analysed. The fibre characterisation includes techniques such as SEM, thennal analysis (using differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis) and vibrational spectroscopy (infrared spectroscopy). It was found that by adding CS to a PCL electrospinning solution, the fibre diametcrs and deviat ions can be lowered because of two possible causes. The first is the presence of more charges due to the polycationic nature, possibly reducing thc diameter by more extensive jet splaying. The second effect of CS is a significant increase in viscosity, enabling the production of electrospinnable solutions with a lower total polymer concentration. Also other specific blend fibre properties, identified by a variation of techniques, can be linked to the CS addition. Their analysis illustrates the influence of polymer blends on {he electrospinning process and the nanofibre morphology.}}, author = {{Steyaert, Iline and Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen and Rahier, Hubert}}, booktitle = {{2th International Conference on Electrospinning, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Jeju, Korea}}, pages = {{44--44}}, publisher = {{Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea}}, title = {{Blend electrospinning of chitosan/polycaprolactone nanofibres}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{2068375, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and Hemelsoet, Karen and Van Speybroeck, Veronique and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0143-7208}}, journal = {{DYES AND PIGMENTS}}, keywords = {{SPECTRA,Halochromism,Azo dye,Tautomerism,INDICATOR,SPECTROSCOPY,COLOR,RAMAN,pH-sensor,TEXTILE MATERIALS,VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES,HYDRAZONE TAUTOMERISM,TD-DFT,Polyamide,Fiber,QUINOXALINE}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{443--451}}, title = {{The influence of a polyamide matrix on the halochromic behaviour of the pH-sensitive azo dye Nitrazine Yellow}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2012.02.013}}, volume = {{94}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{2099611, author = {{De Meyer, Thierry and Hemelsoet, Karen and Van der Schueren, Lien and Pauwels, Ewald and De Clerck, Karen and Van Speybroeck, Veronique}}, booktitle = {{Challenges in Density Matrix and Density Functional Theory, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{P8--P8}}, title = {{UV-VIS spectra of azo dyes in aqueous environment: a combined TD-DFT and molecular dynamics study}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{2064105, abstract = {{A large number of studies have been devoted to the development of chromic textile materials because of their wide applicability as sensor systems. More recently, pH-sensitive chromic textiles have also been investigated to a considerable extent, as the pH value is an important parameter in various circumstances. This review therefore elaborates on pH-sensitive textile materials. The outcome of this review process demonstrates that halochromic dyes can be successfully incorporated into textile materials, leading to flexible sensors. Various textile materials and different application methods have both been shown to be effective. Yet the textile material in which the pH-sensitive agent is present affects its halochromic behaviour and this factor should thus always be considered. Finally, this review establishes the major potential of pH-sensitive textile materials.}}, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1478-4408}}, journal = {{COLORATION TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{PHOTOCHROMIC DYES,SOL-GEL,DISPERSE DYES,AZO DYES,SPECTRAL PROPERTIES,AQUEOUS-SOLUTION,OPTICAL SENSOR,METHYL RED,CONGO RED,PART 1}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{82--90}}, title = {{Coloration and application of pH-sensitive dyes on textile materials}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.2011.00361.x}}, volume = {{128}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{2974652, abstract = {{Azo dyes consist of a double nitrogen-nitrogen bond connected to two aromatic moieties, creating a large conjugated pi-system. A relatively simple synthesis and large variety of colours have made azo dyes the most abundant class of colourants. The dye studied in this research, ethyl orange (EO), is a prototypical example of a halochromic (pH-sensitive) azo dye. Halochromic dyes have already proven useful for application in textile sensors since the colour change of such sensors is easy to perceive and the advantages of the parent materials (e.g. flexibility) are maintained.[1] The key to further development of smart materials is combining multiple responses that can be separately addressed by different triggers.[2] To achieve this, we need a full knowledge of the colour changing mechanism and the influence of the environment. Herein, both theoretical and experimental methods were used to unravel the halochromic properties of EO.[3] Experimental UV-VIS and Raman spectra point towards a structural change of EO in water between pH 5 and pH 3. This pH-sensitivity is modeled through a series of ab initio computations on the neutral, various singly and doubly protonated structures. Static calculations (with inclusion of implicit solvation) are successful in assigning the most probable protonation site. However, to fully understand the origin of the main absorption peaks, a molecular dynamics simulation study in a water molecular environment is used in combination with Time Dependent-DFT calculations to deduce average UV-VIS spectra which take into account the flexibility of the dye and the explicit interactions with the surrounding water molecules. The proposed methodology allows to achieve a remarkable agreement between the theoretical and experimental UV-VIS spectrum and enables to fully unravel the pH sensitive behaviour of EO in aqueous environment. References: [1] L. Van der Schueren and K. De Clerck, Textile Research Journal 80(7) 590-603 (2010). [2] M. A. C. Stuart et al., Nature Materials, 9(2) 101-113 (2010). [3] T. De Meyer et al., submitted to Chemistry - A European Journal}}, author = {{De Meyer, Thierry and Hemelsoet, Karen and Van der Schueren, Lien and Pauwels, Ewald and De Clerck, Karen and Van Speybroeck, Veronique}}, booktitle = {{MolSim 2012, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Amsterdam, The Netherlands}}, pages = {{1}}, title = {{The pH-sensitive properties of azo dyes in aqueous environment}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{3099803, author = {{Steyaert, Iline and Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen and Rahier, Hubert}}, booktitle = {{11th European Symposium on Polymer Blends, Book of Abstracts}}, isbn = {{9788469527627}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{San Sebastian, Spain}}, pages = {{75--76}}, publisher = {{Universidad des Pais Vasco}}, title = {{Blend electrospinning of Chitosan / Polycaprolacton nanofibres}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{3118558, abstract = {{PCL/chitosan blend nanofibres could provide an excellent nanostructured material for biomedical use since their beneficial properties are combined into one material. This paper focuses on the solvent use in the production of PCL/chitosan nanofibres by solution electrospinning, since this is a crucial parameter in the electrospinning process. It was established that an acetic acid/formic acid shows great potential for the stable electrospinning of the blend. Additionally, the fibre morphology using this solvent system was analysed.}}, author = {{Steyaert, Iline and Van der Schueren, Lien and Rahier, Hubert and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{1022-1360}}, journal = {{MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA}}, keywords = {{blends,chitosan,polycaprolactone,electrospinning}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{71--75}}, title = {{An alternative solvent system for blend electrospinning of polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibres}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201251111}}, volume = {{321}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{3001177, abstract = {{The moisture sorption behavior of developing cotton fibers is studied by dynamic vapor sorption. Mature fibers show a typical sigmoidal isotherm, IUPAC type II, describing the adsorption on macroporous and non-porous adsorbents with a typical hysteresis. This is different from the type III isotherms exhibited by elongating fibers explained by the weak adsorbate-adsorbent interactions. The maximum sorption capacity clearly decreases throughout the cotton fiber development. This decrease is very rapid during the elongation phase of the fibers, but declines beyond 25 days post anthesis (DPA). This transition corresponds to the time point where the secondary cell wall becomes dominant over the primary cell wall, as confirmed with FT-IR. Also only little moisture hysteresis appeared during the elongation phase whereas from 25 DPA onwards a distinct hysteresis is observed that remains almost constant until maturation of the fiber. The study clearly elucidates the sorption mechanism during the elongation phase of the fiber to be different from the one during the secondary cell wall synthesis. This improved understanding of the cotton sorption behavior is important for optimal application of cotton fiber in novel materials.}}, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and Van Landuyt, Lieve and Meulewaeter, Frank and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0969-0239}}, journal = {{CELLULOSE}}, keywords = {{CELL-WALL,CELLULOSE,ORGANIC-MATTER,ADSORPTION-ISOTHERMS,WATER-VAPOR SORPTION,MODEL,WOOD,HYSTERESIS,DESORPTION,KINETICS,Moisture sorption,Cotton,Dynamic vapor sorption,Cotton development}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{1517--1526}}, title = {{Moisture sorption in developing cotton fibers}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-012-9737-x}}, volume = {{19}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{2963923, abstract = {{The halochromism in solution of a prototypical example of an azo dye, ethyl orange, was investigated by using a combined theoretical and experimental approach. Experimental UV/Vis and Raman spectroscopy pointed towards a structural change of the azo dye with changing pH value (in the range pH 53). The pH-sensitive behavior was modeled through a series of ab initio computations on the neutral and various singly and doubly protonated structures. For this purpose, contemporary DFT functionals (B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, and M06) were used in combination with implicit modeling of the water solvent environment. Static calculations were successful in assigning the most-probable protonation site. However, to fully understand the origin of the main absorption peaks, a molecular dynamics simulation study in a water molecular environment was used in combination with time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations to deduce average UV/Vis spectra that take into account the flexibility of the dye and the explicit interactions with the surrounding water molecules. This procedure allowed us to achieve a remarkable agreement between the theoretical and experimental UV/Vis spectrum and enabled us to fully unravel the pH-sensitive behavior of ethyl orange in aqueous environment.}}, author = {{De Meyer, Thierry and Hemelsoet, Karen and Van der Schueren, Lien and Pauwels, Ewald and De Clerck, Karen and Van Speybroeck, Veronique}}, issn = {{0947-6539}}, journal = {{CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{density functional calculations,pigments,azo compounds,dyes,SOLVATION MODELS,ELECTRON-DENSITY,BIOMOLECULAR SYSTEMS,TD-DFT,halochromism,UV,Vis spectroscopy,DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY,SPACE GAUSSIAN PSEUDOPOTENTIALS,PH-SENSITIVE FUNCTION,MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS,EXCITED-STATES,TEXTILE MATERIALS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{26}}, pages = {{8120--8129}}, title = {{Investigating the halochromic properties of azo dyes in an aqueous environment by using a combined experimental and theoretical approach}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201103633}}, volume = {{18}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{2987299, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, journal = {{UNITEX : TWEEMAANDELIJKS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR DE TEXTIELINDUSTRIE}}, language = {{dut}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{39--39}}, title = {{Nieuws uit de vakgroep textielkunde: Nanovezels voor waterfiltratie}}, year = {{2012}}, } @inproceedings{3004663, abstract = {{A spectrophotometric method based on the absorption of Acid Orange 7 dye was studied for the detection of differences between fibres from cotton lines designed to produce oligochitin in the fibre and their control lines. The Kjeldahl method is used to validate the proposed method. A few transgenic lines designed to produce oligochitin and their respective controls were screened with the methods to see whether the proposed method is capable of accurately detecting the differences in nitrogen levels. Also a broad range of dyes from different classes are investigated. Their ability to detect differences in reactivity is to be proven using cotton fibres treated with different concentrations of a cationic agent. Four dyes of different classes and structures which show most promising results are proposed to screen dyeability differences between the bioengineered cotton lines.}}, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and Van Landuyt, Lieve and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{7th Central European Conference on Fibre-Grade Polymers, Chemical Fibres and Special Textiles, Proceedings}}, isbn = {{9789612483562}}, keywords = {{reactivity,dye absorption,bioengineered cotton}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Portorož, Slovenia}}, pages = {{18--22}}, publisher = {{University of Maribor}}, title = {{Dye absorption method for the evaluation of novel bioengineered cotton fibres}}, year = {{2012}}, } @article{3198152, author = {{Claessens, Michiel and De Meester, Steven and Van Landuyt, Lieve and De Clerck, Karen and Janssen, Colin}}, issn = {{0025-326X}}, journal = {{MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN}}, keywords = {{Belgium,Microplastics,Marine debris,Sediment,Time trends,FT-IR spectroscopy,PLASTIC DEBRIS,ORGANIC POLLUTANTS,SEA-TURTLES,ENVIRONMENT,POLLUTION,PARTICLES,INGESTION,SCRUBBERS,BEACHES}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{10}}, pages = {{2199--2204}}, title = {{Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in marine sediments along the Belgian coast}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.06.030}}, volume = {{62}}, year = {{2011}}, } @article{1228806, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Schoenmaker, Bert and Kalaoglu Altan, Özlem İpek and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0014-3057}}, journal = {{EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{Steady state,Polycaprolactone,Electrospinning,Nanofibres,POLYAMIDE-6,FABRICATION,FIBERS,POLY(EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE),MORPHOLOGY,NANOFIBERS,NONWOVEN MATS,SCAFFOLDS,DIAMETER,N_N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{1256--1263}}, title = {{An alternative solvent system for the steady state electrospinning of polycaprolactone}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.02.025}}, volume = {{47}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{1186180, abstract = {{Introduction: Much research has been carried out in the field of chemical modification of cotton to improve dyeing properties [1]. Recent advances in biotechnology, especially in genetic engineering, offer an alternative route to alter reactivity of cotton fibres and thus to reduce the environmental impact and energy consumption of conventional cotton processing. However the success of this breakthrough approach is dependent on the early selection of new fibre types with the best performance. This requires novel tests that use only small amounts of fibre sample due to the very limited availability of bioengineered lines. For this purpose, a semi industrial dyeing method is extensively studied. The method is validated by a well established technique for nitrogen analysis, the Kjehdahl method, using cotton fibres treated with a commercially available cationic agent at various concentrations.}}, articleno = {{abstract F.105}}, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and Van Landuyt, Lieve and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Polymer and Textile Biotechnology, 7th International conference, Abstracts}}, editor = {{Freddi, Giuliano}}, keywords = {{bioengineering,cotton fibres,reactivity}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Milan, Italy}}, pages = {{1}}, publisher = {{Stazione Sperimentale per la Seta}}, title = {{Small scale dyeing method to evaluate novel bioengineered cotton fibres : a feasibility study}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{1186198, abstract = {{Introduction: Protective textiles against insects are an important market, not only for applications in tropical areas where vector borne diseases are a major threat to public health but also in European countries where the presence of mosquitoes can be a nuisance. It is a well known fact that malaria and dengue fever are amongst the most killing diseases in the world: 500 million people a year are infected with malaria and more than a million people die of the disease, i.e. one person every 30 seconds, of which 90% are children, and an estimated 100 million cases of dengue fever and 250000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever occur annually. As a result of global warming of the earth, the problem is expanding and is even becoming a threat for Europe.}}, articleno = {{abstract A.111}}, author = {{Nierstrasz, Vincent and Ciera, Lucy Wanjiru and De Clerck, Karen and Van Langenhove, Lieva}}, booktitle = {{Polymer and Textile Biotechnology, 7th International conference, Abstracts}}, editor = {{Freddi, Giuliano}}, keywords = {{textile bio-aggregates,malaria,mosquito repellent textiles,biomimetics,protective textile,dengue}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Milan, Italy}}, publisher = {{Stazione Sperimentale de la Seta}}, title = {{NO BUG : novel release systems and biobased utilities for insect repellent textiles}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{1196807, abstract = {{This research work is part of the FP7 No-Bug project (Novel release system and biobased utilities for insect repellent textiles). The main interest of the project is personal protective textiles against insects (mosquitoes) for application not only in tropical areas where vector borne diseases are a major threat to the public health but also in European countries where the presence of mosquitoes can be nuisance. Malaria and dengue fever are well known diseases that cause a lot of deaths in the world today.}}, author = {{Ciera, Lucy Wanjiru and Nierstrasz, Vincent and De Clerck, Karen and Van Langenhove, Lieva}}, booktitle = {{Training school 'Synthesis of hybrid organic-inorganic nanoparticles for innovative nanostructural composites', Abstracts}}, editor = {{Branda, Francesco}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Naples, Italy}}, title = {{NO BUG: biobased mosquitoes repellent textiles}}, year = {{2011}}, } @article{1196829, author = {{De Schoenmaker, Bert and Van der Schueren, Lien and De Vrieze, Sander and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0021-8995}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}}, keywords = {{polyamides,wicking behavior,nanofiber,membranes,BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS,ELECTROSPUN}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{305--310}}, title = {{Wicking properties of various polyamide nanofibrous structures with an optimized method}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/app.33117}}, volume = {{120}}, year = {{2011}}, } @article{1196836, author = {{De Vrieze, Sander and De Schoenmaker, Bert and Ceylan, Özgür and Depuydt, Jara and Van Landuyt, Lieve and Rahier, Hubert and Van Assche, Guy and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0021-8995}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}}, keywords = {{ACETIC-ACID,SOLVENT,MOISTURE,PARAMETERS,WATER,electrospinning,polyamide,steady state}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{2984--2990}}, title = {{Morphologic study of steady state electrospun polyamide 6 nanofibres}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/app.33036}}, volume = {{119}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{1897078, abstract = {{Halochromic (or pH-sensitive) textile materials can give an indication of the pH of the surrounding environment by a visible colour change and can therefore act as first signal systems. A possible application of this textile pH-sensor can be found in wound dressings. In addition to the use of traditional textile materials such as cotton gauze, nanofibrous nonwovens may provide benefits in medical applications. This paper discusses the development of pH-sensitive cotton fabrics by the combination of standard pH-indicator dyes with standard dyeing processes. Also halochromic polyamide nanofibres were produced by adding the pH-indicator dyes to the polymer solution. Both approaches were found to be promising. After the immobilization of the dye on a textile structure, still a clearly visible colour change was present for most of the dye-textile systems. It should however be noted that the behaviour of the pH-indicator dye was dependent on the medium in which it is incorporated.}}, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{International conference on fibrous products in medical and health care, Proceedings}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Tampere, Finland}}, pages = {{1--5}}, publisher = {{Tampere University of Technology}}, title = {{pH-sensitive textile materials as innovative wound dressings}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{1897083, abstract = {{Nowadays, water is often disinfected with biocides which can result in the formation of harmful by-products. Therefore new developments in water treatment are needed. One of such new developments is presented in this study. Nanofiber membranes produced by the electrospinning technique offer great potential in water filtration. Nanofiber structures have a small pore size, a large specific surface area and interconnected open pore structure which makes them appropriate for water filtration. However, the pathogen removal efficiency is not yet satisfactory. To improve this, disinfectants as a functional agent on nanofiber membranes were used in this study. The pathogen removal of the functionalized membranes was evaluated with wastewater from a general hospital with ca. 107 culturable organisms per 100 ml before filtration. Pathogen removal of about 4 to 5,5 log10 is possible with selected biocides. This is higher than a nanofibers membrane without disinfectant, which gives a removal of 2 log10 and commercial membranes with a removal of 3 to 4 log10. In addition to this, the biocides stay immobilized inside the membrane and only a limited fraction (10%) leaches into the water.}}, author = {{Goethals, Annelies and De Clerck, Karen and Daels, N and Scampers, I and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, booktitle = {{FiberMed11 : international conference on fibrous products in medical and health care}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Tampere, Finland}}, pages = {{7}}, publisher = {{Tampere University of Technology}}, title = {{Functionalized nanofiber membranes for disinfection of water}}, year = {{2011}}, } @article{1864130, author = {{Daels, Nele and De Vrieze, Sander and Sampers, Imca and Decostere, Bjorge and Westbroek, Philippe and Dumoulin, Ann and Dejans, Pascal and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, issn = {{0011-9164}}, journal = {{DESALINATION}}, keywords = {{BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS,SILVER NANOPARTICLES,BACTERIA,Pathogen removal,Electrospinning,Water filtration,WSCP,ESCHERICHIA-COLI,Nanosilver}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1-3}}, pages = {{285--290}}, title = {{Potential of a functionalised nanofibre microfiltration membrane as an antibacterial water filter}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.03.012}}, volume = {{275}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{1903380, abstract = {{Electrospinning is the most efficient method for the production of nanofibrous structures, which have unique characteristics such as high porosity, high absorption capacity, small pore size and high specific surface area. Thanks to this, they can be used as filtration membranes. Nanofiber membranes have high clean water permeability values, however the pathogen removal efficiency is currently not satisfactory. For this reason, we functionalized the membranes with antibacterial particles, such as silver nanoparticles and commercial biocides, by adding them into the spinning solution. Afterwards, the membranes were characterized to study the effect of the functionalization on the fiber diameter and pathogen removal efficiency. The distribution of the silver nanoparticles was studied with SEM and TEM images. TEM-images showed that the silver nanoparticles are trapped inside the nanofibers. SEM-images confirmed that the average fiber diameter is not affected by the functionalization. To evaluate the removal of pathogens, water samples were taken from waste water from a general hospital (107 – 108 colony forming units per 100 ml) and were filtered with different membranes. A non functionalized nanofiber membrane could not achieve the same reduction in culturable organisms as commercial membranes (2 log10 – 4 log10 removal). Higher reduction was reached when silver nanoparticles were added to the membrane. A 3 log10 – 4 log10 removal was reached by adding silver nanoparticles to the spinning solution. Nanofiber membranes with biocides as functionalization agents achieved even a much higher reduction, up to 5,5 log10, which is competitive with commercial membranes currently on the market. In conclusion, the electrospinning process allows the functionalization of nanofiber membranes with antibacterial particles. This highly improves the pathogen removal efficiency of the membranes.}}, articleno = {{abstract A42-O-5-4}}, author = {{Goethals, Annelies and Daels, Nele and Sampers, Imca and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, booktitle = {{EUROMAT 2011, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Montpellier, France}}, publisher = {{Société Française de Métallurgie et de Matériaux ; Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia}}, title = {{Electrospun nanofiber membranes functionalized with antibacterial particles}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{1903396, abstract = {{Colour changing textiles have recently gained much interest in literature. These chameleon textiles can be seen as the artificial equivalent of the colour changing species found in nature. A colour change of a textile material may provide information concerning the surrounding medium and a chameleon textile has thus possible uses as warning sensor. Within the group of colour changing textiles, halochromic textiles, which vary in colour depending on the pH, offer major potentials since a whole range of processes in nature are affected by this parameter. For example, during the healing process of a wound, the pH-value of the skin varies. The progress of the healing process could thus be indicated by a pH-sensitive wound dressing which may avoid unnecessary removal of the dressing. The aim of the current research is to develop pH-sensitive textile sensors through the application of pH-sensitive dyes on various textile materials. pH-indicators, normally used to indicate the pH of aqueous solutions, will be used as pH-sensitive dyes since they are easy available and possibly show high affinity for textiles as their molecular structures are similar to the one of standard dyes. Conventional textile fabrics such as cotton and polyamide will be investigated as substrate material for the pH-indicator dyes. Besides these traditional textile materials, also nanofibrous nonwovens will be incorporated with the dyes as the typical characteristics of nanofibres (such as high surface area, small pore size) may provide benefits in various medical applications. The results of our study showed that conventional textile materials can be dyed with pH-indicator dyes using standard dyeing processes. Nanofibrous nonwovens could, as expected, not be dyed with these standard processes but can be coloured by a direct incorporation of the dyes in the polymer solution before the electrospinning process. The halochromic study after the application of the dyes showed that a clearly visible colour change with pH was still present on the textile materials for most of the dye-textile systems. With this it should be noted that the halochromic behaviour of the dyes on the different textile materials was dependent on the surrounding medium due to the different dye-fibre interactions.}}, articleno = {{abstract F12-O-2-6}}, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{EUROMAT 2011, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Montpellier, France}}, publisher = {{Société Française de Métallurgie et de Matériaux ; Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia}}, title = {{pH-sensitive textile sensors with possible use as wound dressings}}, year = {{2011}}, } @incollection{1937478, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Handbook of medical textiles}}, editor = {{Bartels, V}}, isbn = {{9781845696917}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{547--566}}, publisher = {{Woodhead}}, series = {{Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles}}, title = {{Nanofibrous textiles in medical applications}}, volume = {{100}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{1903434, abstract = {{Nanofibres have by definition a diameter less than 500 nm, which is several times smaller than the conventional fibres. Because of their very small fibre diameter these fibrous materials have specific and unique characteristics such as a high surface-to-volume ratio and high porosity. Thanks to this these nanofibres can be used in a broad spectrum of applications such as liquid and air filtration, wound bandages and composites. Although the literature on nanofibre composites is restricted, nanofibres can have advantages for advanced composites. Composites reinforced with conventional glass or carbon fibres may have very high tensile strengths, but the impact resistance is sometimes limited. A second problem of these actual composites is the delamination of the several textile layers. Both problems can be reduced by using nanofibrous webs between the glass or carbon layers. In our research large polyamide nanofibrous structures (PA 6, PA6.6, PA 4.6 and PA 6.9) were produced on a multi-nozzle setup. Starting from these structures the effect of the nanofibres on the curing of a epoxy matrix was investigated by thermo analytical measurements using a differential scanning calorimeter. Changing the nanofibres characteristics, especially the polyamide type and fibre diameter, will affect the curing behaviour of the resin. Furthermore the influence of the amount of water absorbed through the nanofibrous webs is inquired, by making identical composite samples at different relative humidity’s. In the second part of the research glass fibre/polyamide nanofibre composites were produced on large scale by infusion. The polyamide nanofibres were brought into the composites as stand-alone structures as well as coatings on the glass fabrics. The tenacity of these composites is compared to glass fibre composites without nanofibres. This research gives a good overview of the curing behaviour of the resin affected by the nanofibrous webs on the one side and the advantages of nanofibres for high performance composites on the other side.}}, articleno = {{abstract B31-P-1-44}}, author = {{De Schoenmaker, Bert and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{EUROMAT 2011, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Montpellier, France}}, publisher = {{Société Française de Métallurgie et de Matériaux ; Associazione Italiana di Metallurgia}}, title = {{The influence of nanofibres in composite materials}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{1903484, abstract = {{Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biocompatible aliphatic polyester with many possible applications in the medical field. PCL nanofibres, produced by electrospinning, could provide new characteristics that are of interest for these applications. Nanofibrous structures indeed show unique properties such as higher specific surface area, higher porosity and smaller pore size compared to microfibres. At present the most commonly used solvent for electrospinning PCL is chloroform, but this only leads to fibres in the microscale range. A key issue in electrospinning PCL is thus the ability to obtain bead-free fibres with diameters in the nanoscale range. To obtain these small diameter nanofibres of PCL various solvent systems were examined. The innovative solvent mixture formic acid/acetic acid was found to allow for nanofibres with a diameter ten times smaller than the one obtained by chloroform. Steady state conditions could be obtained which thus allow electrospinning in a stable and reproducible way. Moreover, GPC measurements on the PCL pellet and the produced nanofibrous structures showed that there was no degradation of PCL during the electrospinning process from the acid solution. Further it was noticed that the average fibre diameter decreased with decreasing polymer concentration. The solvent ratio was found to have a minor influence on the fibre diameter but showed a significant effect on the fibre diameter distribution with a decreasing standard deviation with increasing amount of formic acid. Also the humidity, an often overlooked yet important parameter, was noted to affect both diameter characteristics. Generally it can be concluded that the solvent system formic acid/acetic acid could fill the gap in electrospinning PCL since it is readily able to produce uniform fibres in the nanoscale range.}}, articleno = {{abstract P.3.161}}, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Frontiers in Polymer Science, 2nd International symposium, Programme book and CD of abstracts}}, keywords = {{polycaprolactone,electrospinning,steady state,nanofibres}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Lyon, France}}, title = {{An alternative solvent system for the steady state electrospinning of polycaprolactone}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{1903494, abstract = {{This research investigates the electrospinning prerequisites for polyamide 6.9 and the influence of different electrospin parameters on the fibre morphology. Polyamide 6.9 is a seldom used polyamide though with specific properties such as the lowest water absorption of all polyamides. This can, for example, be advantageous for nanofibres in composite applications. Acetic acid/formic acid solvent mixtures prove to be very suitable for the steady state electrospinning of PA 6.9, with the formic acid serving the solubility of the PA 6.9 and the acetic acid serving the appropriate solution characteristics for obtaining steady state. Steady state behaviour means no irregularities in the nanofibrous structures and a high reproducibility A limited range of polymer concentrations, solvent ratios and process parameters results in steady state electrospinning. The combination of those parameters is determined by the viscosity, surface tension and electric properties of the electrospinning solutions. Different steady state tables showing the limits within a varying polymer concentration and solvent ratio that allow for the production of nanofibres are composed. Sequentially the influence of the main solution and process parameters on the fibre diameter (using SEM) and thermal behaviour (using DSC and XRD) is investigated. The polymer concentration has a significant effect on the morphology of the nanofibres: the average PA 6.9 diameter and the fraction less stable crystal phase increase with increasing polymer concentration. The effect of the solvent ratio is less obvious. The process parameters only have a minor effect on the nanofibres. The applied voltage and TCD show no influence on the nanofibre morphology. The flow rate has a small influence on the fibres, but the difference in diameters is small compared to the differences found with varying polymer concentration. It can be concluded that the polymer concentration is the key parameter to alter the fibre morphology of PA 6.9 nanofibres.}}, articleno = {{abstract P.3.162}}, author = {{De Schoenmaker, Bert and Goethals, Annelies and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Frontiers in Polymer Science, 2nd International symposium, Programme book and CD of abstracts}}, keywords = {{Nanofibres,Electrospinning,Polyamide 6.9}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Lyon, France}}, title = {{Morphology study of polyamide 6.9 nanofibres electrospun under steady state conditions}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{1937489, author = {{Goethals, Annelies and Daels, Nele and Sampers, Imca and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, booktitle = {{Conference book : 6th IWA specialist conference on membrane technology for water & wastewater treatment}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Aachen, Germany}}, pages = {{173--174}}, publisher = {{International Water Association (IWA)}}, title = {{Functionalised nanofibre membranes for water filtration}}, year = {{2011}}, } @article{1920674, abstract = {{Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to develop textile materials with a pH-sensitive function. Design/methodology/approach - As a start point, the feasibility of incorporating pH-indicators in conventional textiles using standard dyeing processes was investigated. Next, a pH-indicator was incorporated into a nylon nanofibrous structure by adding the dye to the polymer solution before the start of the electro-spinning process. Findings - The authors' results proved that it is possible to develop a pH-sensor using conventional textiles dyed by a standard dyeing process. Also, the incorporation of a pH-indicator dye into a nanofibrous structure was possible. Moreover, reproducible samples could be obtained. Furthermore, the majority of the obtained textile structures showed a clear colour change with a change in acidity. This halochromic behaviour was, however, different from the behaviour of the dyes in solution due to dye-fibre interactions. Originality/value - The knowledge obtained in this study can lead to the development of a textile pH-sensor. This sensor can be used in a broad field of applications since a colour change is a non-disturbing but clear signal which can perform a first warning function.}}, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0955-6222}}, journal = {{INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLOTHING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY}}, keywords = {{Textiles,DYES,Acidity,Colours technology,Alkalinity}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{269--274}}, title = {{Textile materials with a pH-sensitive function}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1108/09556221111136539}}, volume = {{23}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{1318767, author = {{Nierstrasz, Vincent and Ciera, Lucy Wanjiru and De Clerck, Karen and Van Langenhove, Lieva}}, booktitle = {{150 Years of innovation and research in textile science}}, isbn = {{9782746628588}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Mulhouse, France}}, pages = {{846--847}}, publisher = {{Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs Sud-Alsace (ENSISA)}}, title = {{Novel release system and biobased utilities for insect repellent textiles}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{2085018, abstract = {{Cotton biotechnology offers the potential for breakthrough developments in fiber characteristics. In this process, the early selection of fibers with the best performance is of utmost importance. However, due to the limited availability of these specialty fibers, the use of available test methods is limited and thus new test methodologies are needed. The aim of this paper is to study Cone calorimetry for the characterization of cotton fibers. One of the main aspects of the procedure, namely sample weight, is optimized to improve the reproducibility.}}, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and Van Landuyt, Lieve and Alongi, J and Frache, A and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{13th European meeting on fire retardant polymers, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Alessandria, Italy}}, pages = {{1--2}}, publisher = {{Politecnico di Torino}}, title = {{Cone calorimetry as a useful technique for the screening of cotton fibers}}, year = {{2011}}, } @inproceedings{856407, author = {{De Vrieze, Sander and De Schoenmaker, Bert and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{ElectroSpin 2010 : program and abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Melbourne, Australia}}, pages = {{25--25}}, publisher = {{CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering}}, title = {{Reproducible polyamide nanofibers for water filtration}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{1140092, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, journal = {{UNITEX. TWEEMAANDELIJKS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR DE TEXTIELINDUSTRIE}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{2010 / 5}}, pages = {{40--40}}, publisher = {{Unitex vzw}}, title = {{Kleurvariërende materialen als nieuwe textielsensoren}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{1058192, author = {{De Schoenmaker, Bert and De Vrieze, Sander and Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Book of proceedings : magic world of textiles : 5th International Textile, Clothing & Design Conference}}, editor = {{Dragčević, Zvonko}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Dubrovnik, Croatia}}, pages = {{71--76}}, publisher = {{University of Zagreb. Faculty of Textile Technology}}, title = {{Towards steady state electrospinning}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{1058200, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and Van Landuyt, Lieve and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Book of proceedings : magic world of textiles : 5th International Textile, Clothing & Design Conference}}, editor = {{Dragčević, Zvonko}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Dubrovnik, Croatia}}, pages = {{566--569}}, publisher = {{University of Zagreb. Faculty of Textile Technology}}, title = {{Small scale tests to evaluate cotton fibres}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{1106148, author = {{Daels, Nele and De Vrieze, Sander and Sampers, Imca and Decostere, Bjorge and Westbroek, Philippe and Dumoulin, Ann and Dejans, Pascal and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, booktitle = {{European Meeting on Chemical Industry and Environment, 6th, Proceedings}}, editor = {{Dewil, Raf and Appels, Lise and Hulsmans, Ann}}, isbn = {{9789081548601}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Mechelen, Belgium}}, pages = {{7}}, publisher = {{University College Lessius Mechelen}}, title = {{Performance assessment of functionalized electrospun nanofibres for removal of pathogens}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{1106171, author = {{Daels, Nele and De Vrieze, Sander and Sampers, Imca and Decostere, Bjorge and Westbroek, Philippe and Dumoulin, Ann and Dejans, Pascal and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, booktitle = {{Membranes in drinking and industrial water treatment, Proceedings}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Trondheim, Norway}}, pages = {{7}}, publisher = {{International Water Association (IWA)}}, title = {{Performance assessment of functionalized electrospun nanofibres for removal of pathogens}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{1106182, author = {{Daels, Nele and De Vrieze, Sander and Sampers, Imca and Decostere, Bjorge and Westbroek, Philippe and Dumoulin, Ann and Dejans, Pascal and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, booktitle = {{IWA World Water Congress, 7th, Proceedings}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Montréal, QU, Canada}}, pages = {{7}}, publisher = {{International Water Association (IWA)}}, title = {{Performance assessment of functionalized electrospun nanofibres for removal of pathogens}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{1096698, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and Mollet, Tybo and Ceylan, Özgür and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0014-3057}}, journal = {{EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{pH-indicators,Halochromism,Polyamide 6.6,Electrospinning,TEMPERATURE,TEXTILES,DYES}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{12}}, pages = {{2229--2239}}, title = {{The development of polyamide 6.6 nanofibres with a pH-sensitive function by electrospinning}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.09.016}}, volume = {{46}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{1073366, author = {{Nierstrasz, Vincent and Ciera, Lucy Wanjiru and De Clerck, Karen and Van Langenhove, Lieva}}, booktitle = {{Chemistry and application fields : book summaries}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Arad, Romania}}, pages = {{5--5}}, publisher = {{University of Arad}}, title = {{Novel insect repellent textiles}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{839440, author = {{De Vrieze, Sander and Westbroek, Philippe and Van Camp, Tamara and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0021-8995}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}}, keywords = {{JETS,NANOFIBERS,NYLON-6,steady state,electrospinning,nanofibres,FABRICATION,FIBERS,DIAMETER}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{837--842}}, title = {{Solvent system for steady state electrospinning of polyamide 6.6}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/app.30331}}, volume = {{115}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{988965, abstract = {{The hydrophilicity of nanofibrous structures is a key characteristic for many applications. However due to the high porosity of the structures, it is difficult to measure this property with contact angle measurements. Therefore a characterisation through wicking behaviour is more appropriate. The ISO-norm on wicking behaviour needs some refining to account for the specific nature of the highly porous nanofibrous structures. This refined method is used on polyamide 6 nanofibrous structures with different diameters and on polyamide 6 nanofibres with an incorporated hydrophilic compound. It was found that the fibre diameter is the major characteristic which influences the wicking behaviour.}}, author = {{De Schoenmaker, Bert and De Vrieze, Sander and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{World Textile Conference, 10th, Proceedings}}, isbn = {{9789955258292}}, keywords = {{hydrophilicity,Electrospinning,wicking behaviour,nanofibrous structures}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Vilnius, Lithuania}}, pages = {{4}}, publisher = {{AUTEX}}, title = {{Wicking properties of polyamide nanofibrous structures}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{949458, abstract = {{Due to the high porosity of nanofibrous structures, it is difficult to measure the hydrofilicity of the material with contact angle measurements. Therefore, a new method to examine the wicking behaviour of the structures is developed. This method is used on several structures, which differ in fibre diameter and polyamide type. The structures with the thickest nanofibres have the highest wicking rates. For different polyamide types, the capillary forces establish the wicking behaviour in the initial phase. Further in the process, it is determined by the capillary forces and the water absorption capacity of the bulk phase.}}, author = {{De Schoenmaker, Bert and De Vrieze, Sander and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{International Technical Textiles Congress, 4th, Proceedings}}, editor = {{Sariisik, Merih and Karabay, Gülseren}}, isbn = {{9789754412857}}, keywords = {{wicking behaviour,nanofibrous structures,polyamides}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Istanbul, Turkey}}, pages = {{7}}, publisher = {{Dokuz Eylül University. Department of Textile Engineering}}, title = {{Influence of the polyamide type and fibre diameter on the wicking height in nanofibrous structures}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{949484, abstract = {{Colour changing textiles have recently gained much interest from the academic world. Although previously categorized as unwanted, colour changing textiles can be used in a broad field of applications since a colour change is a non-disturbing but clear signal which can perform a first warning function. This research focuses on halochromism or pH-sensitivity due to the importance of pH. These kind of materials can be applied in wound dressings, geotextiles, protective clothing etc. A halochromic wound dressing would for example be able to indicate the healing process of a wound since the pH-value varies during healing. Thanks to their extremely fine fibres, nanofibrous structures show interesting characteristics such as small pore size, high porosity and high specific surface area, which turn them suitable for a whole range of applications. Incorporating pH-sensitive dyes into nanofibrous structures would lead to unique materials that combine the intrinsic properties of nanofibres with an extra sensor functionality. As a start point, the feasibility of incorporating pH-indicator dyes in conventional textiles using standard dyeing processes was investigated. Next, the dyes were incorporated into a polyamide 6.6 nanofibrous structure by adding the dyes to the polymer solution before the start of the electrospinning process. The influence of this incorporation on the electrospinning process and the halochromic properties of the obtained structures were investigated. Our results proved that it is possible to develop a pH-sensor using conventional textiles dyed by a standard dyeing process. Also the incorporation of the pH-indicator dyes into a nanofibrous structure was possible. Moreover, the process parameters and fibre diameters were not influenced by this addition and reproducibility could be obtained. Furthermore, the majority of the obtained textile structures showed a clear colour change with a change in acidity. This halochromic behaviour was however different from the behaviour of the dyes in solution due to dye-fibre interactions.}}, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{International Technical Textiles Congress, 4th, Proceedings}}, editor = {{Sariisik, Merih and Karabay, Gülseren}}, isbn = {{9789754412857}}, keywords = {{electrospinning,nanofibrous structures,conventional textiles,halochromism}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Istanbul, Turkey}}, pages = {{6}}, publisher = {{Dokuz Eylül University. Department of Textile Engineering}}, title = {{The road to a unique textile material: nanofibres with a pH-sensitive function}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{949507, abstract = {{Electrospinning is the process to generate nanofibers. Some very specific application fields are targeted in the literature about electrospinning. One of these research fields is filtration. In this field, mainly air filtration is targeted. Recent studies showed the strong performance of nanofibrous material in liquid filtration. For liquid (such as water) filtration the material needs to be flawless and pressure resistant. To cope with the first problem, we have developed a specific technology based on nozzle electrospinning. The key feature in our technology is the possibility to electrospin under steady state conditions. In each time period, the amount of polymer that is pumped out of the needle as a solution is the same as the amount of polymer that is deposited in the form of nanofibers. In the case of water filtration, a polyamide 6 nanofibrous nonwoven is created. The polyamide is chosen because of its high inherent strength. This high mechanical strength makes it possible for the material to withstand the pressure applied on the material during filtration. At this moment, projects are running to investigate if the polyamide 6 nanofibrous structures give an added value in the field of water filtration. The first results show that nanofibres enhance the water flux values at the same pressure. Next to flux investigations, experiments concerning the use of the membranes in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) are performed. These experiments show that the nanofibrous material has the same filtration efficiency as commercial MBR membranes. It even surpasses that efficiency with an extra functionalisation.}}, author = {{De Vrieze, Sander and Daels, N and Westbroek, Philippe and Van Hulle, Stijn and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{International Technical Textiles Congress, 4th, Proceedings}}, editor = {{Sariisik, Merih and Karabay, Gülseren}}, isbn = {{9789754412857}}, keywords = {{Electrospinning,membrane bioreactor,steady state,nanofibres}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Istanbul, Turkey}}, pages = {{7}}, publisher = {{Dokuz Eylül University. Department of Textile Engineering}}, title = {{Steady state electrospun polyamide nanofibres for the use in MBR}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{949686, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and Van Landuyt, Lieve and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Fiber Society 2010 spring conference proceedings}}, editor = {{Ulcay, Yusuf}}, isbn = {{9786055919023}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Bursa, Turkey}}, pages = {{101--102}}, publisher = {{The Fiber Society}}, title = {{Small-scale tests for characterisation of bioengineered cotton fibres}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{949710, author = {{De Vrieze, Sander and De Schoenmaker, Bert and Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Fiber Society 2010 spring conference proceedings}}, editor = {{Ulcay, Yusuf}}, isbn = {{9786055919023}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Bursa, Turkey}}, pages = {{47--48}}, publisher = {{The Fiber Society}}, title = {{A new look on nanofibrous nonwovens}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{982303, author = {{Daels, Nele and De Vrieze, Sander and Decostere, Bjorge and Dejans, Pascal and Dumoulin, Ann and De Clerck, Karen and Westbroek, Philippe and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, issn = {{0011-9164}}, journal = {{DESALINATION}}, keywords = {{Nanofibre,Biofilm,Activated sludge,MBR,Microfiltration,MPE50,FLUX ENHANCING CHEMICALS,Trickling filter,POLYMER,WASTE-WATER TREATMENT,BIOREACTORS,SLUDGE}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1-3}}, pages = {{170--176}}, title = {{The use of electrospun flat sheet nanofibre membranes in MBR applications}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.02.027}}, volume = {{257}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{989091, author = {{Nierstrasz, Vincent and De Clerck, Karen and Van Langenhove, Lieva}}, booktitle = {{Book of abstracts : AUTEX 2010, 10th World Textile Conference}}, keywords = {{insect repellency,dengue,malaria,protective textile}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Vilnius, Lithuania}}, pages = {{173--173}}, publisher = {{AUTEX}}, title = {{Novel release system and biobased utilities for insect repellent textiles}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{881386, abstract = {{The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of nanofibre microfiltration membranes, spun by an innovative electrospinning technique, in water filtration applications. As such, this study bridges the gap between developments in electrospinning techniques for the production of flat-sheet membranes and the application of these membranes in water filtration. Three different applications were examined. Firstly, the use of the membrane (functionalised or non-functionalised) for the removal of pathogens was investigated. Secondly, the electrospun flat-sheet membranes were applied for wastewater treatment in a laboratory-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR). In addition to these applications, physical properties such as clean water permeability (CWP) and strength were also examined. The tests showed that the electrospun membranes can be used for water filtration applications, but that further improvements are necessary before these membranes can be practically employed. In particular, the level of functionality and the properties of irreversible fouling require further research.}}, author = {{Decostere, Bjorge and Daels, Nele and De Vrieze, Sander and Dejans, Pascal and Van Camp, Tamara and Audenaert, Wim and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen and Boeckaert, Charlotte and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, issn = {{0378-4738}}, journal = {{WATER SA}}, keywords = {{WASTE-WATER,MICROFILTRATION,MEMBRANES,MBR,pathogen removal,microfiltration,electrospinning,nanofibre}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{151--155}}, title = {{Initial testing of electrospun nanofibre filters in water filtration applications}}, volume = {{36}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{947706, abstract = {{The development of halochromic textile materials could lead to interesting end-use applications as it offers the potential for flexible pH-sensors with a first warning signal. Research on halochromic textiles, especially on the development of these materials using a simple and economic beneficial dyeing process, is however very limited. Therefore, we studied color-changing textile materials with a pH-sensitivity based on the dyeing of conventional textiles with standard watersoluble pH-indicator dyes. In a first broad screening, a set of pH-indicators is evaluated on their dyeing performance and their color change with a change in pH. After this, some promising indicators (Brilliant Yellow and Alizarin) are selected and studied in more detail. It was found that the indicators show different characteristics on the textile materials compared with the solution due to dye-fiber interactions. The properties of the pHindicator dyes are also dependant on the fiber type. Moreover, in case of Brilliant Yellow this thesis was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Generally, it can be concluded that it is feasible to develop a pH-sensor with pH-indicator dyes and conventional textile materials using a standard dyeing process.}}, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0040-5175}}, journal = {{TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{dyeing,color changing textiles,halochromism,Brilliant Yellow,Alizarin,SENSOR,DISPERSE DYES}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{7}}, pages = {{590--603}}, title = {{The use of pH-indicator dyes for pH-sensitive textile materials}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1177/0040517509346443}}, volume = {{80}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{947800, abstract = {{Cotton is one of the most widely used natural fibres with very good overall properties. However, sustained, profitable cotton production suffers increasing pressure from the competition of synthetic fibres. To remain competitive on the market, it is necessary to direct the research towards the breakthrough technologies that are propelling this ancient crop into the high-tech world of tomorrow. The selection of the novel fibre types with the best performance in an early stage of this development process is very crucial and requires new test methods that can score new traits on a large number of small volume fibre samples. Therefore, it is essential to develop new methods or adapt existing ones and optimise them to be applicable on a few grams of fibre material. In the scope of this research 2 main fibre properties were chosen as focus aspects namely reactivity/dye ability and flame retardancy.}}, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and Van Landuyt, Lieve and De Clerck, Karen and Tata, Jennifer and Alongi, Jenny and Frache, Alberto}}, booktitle = {{IFATCC International Congress, 22nd, Proceedings}}, editor = {{Gigli, Alessandro}}, isbn = {{9788896679005}}, keywords = {{CHARACTERISATION TECHNIQUES,COTTON}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Stresa, Italy}}, pages = {{6}}, publisher = {{Associazione Italiana di Chimica Tessile e Coloristica (AICTC)}}, title = {{The search for superior cotton fibres of the future: novel small scale tests needed today}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{947819, abstract = {{Colour changing textiles or so called chameleon textiles can be used in a whole range of applications since a colour change is an easy, non-disturbing signal which can act as a first signal or warning sign. This paper focuses on pH-sensitive or halochromic textile materials. Standard pH-indicator dyes were incorporated into different textile materials. Firstly, conventional textiles such as cotton and nylon were studied. Secondly, electrospun nano-nonwovens were investigated in which the dyes were added at the start of the production process. The results of the broad screening process showed the feasibility of dyeing cotton and nylon with pH-indicator dyes. In addition to this, electrospinning of polymer solutions with pH-indicator dyes was also achievable. The results prove the possibility of incorporating pH-indicator dyes into textiles. Moreover, the halochromic properties were retained in most of the studied textile systems. It was however noticed that the chromism of the dyes depended on the medium due to the dyefibre interactions.}}, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{IFATCC International Congress, 22nd, Proceedings}}, editor = {{Gigli, Alessandro}}, isbn = {{9788896679005}}, keywords = {{NYLON,PH-INDICATOR DYES,COTTON,HALOCHROMISM,SENSOR}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Stresa, Italy}}, pages = {{6}}, publisher = {{Associazione Italiana di Chimica Tessile e Coloristica (AICTC)}}, title = {{The development of an innovative pH-sensor based on colour changing textiles}}, year = {{2010}}, } @inproceedings{945341, author = {{Daels, Nele and Decosteren, Bjorge and De Vrieze, Sander and Van Camp, Tamara and Audenaert, Wim and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, booktitle = {{Flemish Youth Conference of Chemistry, 10th, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Blankenberge, Belgium}}, publisher = {{Koninklijke Vlaamse Chemische Vereniging. Jongerensectie}}, title = {{Functionalised electrospun nanofibres for removal of pathogens}}, year = {{2010}}, } @article{748561, author = {{De Vrieze, Sander and Van Camp, Tamara and Decostere, Bjorge and Audenaert, Wim and Westbroek, Philippe and Van Hulle, Stijn and De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul}}, journal = {{UNITEX. TWEEMAANDELIJKS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR DE TEXTIELINDUSTRIE}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{2009 / 2}}, pages = {{7--10}}, publisher = {{Unitex vzw}}, title = {{Nanofibrous structures for use in water filtration}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{594902, author = {{Van Langenhove, Lieva and Nierstrasz, Vincent and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{From EU research to industrial innovation, Presentations}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Brussels, Belgium}}, pages = {{1--8}}, publisher = {{EURATEX ; European Technology Platform for the Future of Textiles and Clothing}}, title = {{No Bug: novel release system and bio-based utilities for mosquito repellent textiles and garments}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{602509, author = {{Van Langenhove, Lieva and De Vrieze, Sander and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{AITEX Info Day, Presentations}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Brussels, Belgium}}, pages = {{1--13}}, title = {{Electrospinning at UGent}}, year = {{2009}}, } @article{516287, abstract = {{Electrospinning is a process that generates nanofibres. Temperature and humidity affect this process. In this article the influence of humidity and temperature on the formation and the properties of nanofibres are studied using cellulose acetate (CA) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as target materials. The experiments indicate that two major parameters are dependent of temperature and have their influence on the average fibre diameter. A first parameter is the solvent evaporation rate that increases with increasing temperature. The second parameter is the viscosity of the polymer solution that decreases with increasing temperature. The trend in variation of the average nanofibre diameter as a function of humidity is different for CA and PVP, which can be explained by variations in chemical and molecular interaction and its influence on the solvent evaporation rate. As the humidity increases, the average fibre diameter of the CA nanofibres increases, whilst for PVP the average diameter decreases. The average diameter of nanofibres made by electrospinning change significantly through variation of temperature and humidity.}}, author = {{De Vrieze, Sander and Van Camp, Tamara and Nelvig, A. and Hagstrom, B. and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0022-2461}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE}}, keywords = {{NANOFIBER DIAMETER,PARAMETERS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{1357--1362}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{The effect of temperature and humidity on electrospinning}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-3010-6}}, volume = {{44}}, year = {{2009}}, } @article{813794, author = {{Decostere, Bjorge and Daels, Nele and De Vrieze, Sander and Dejans, Pascal and Van Camp, Tamara and Audenaert, Wim and Hogie, Joël and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, issn = {{0011-9164}}, journal = {{DESALINATION}}, keywords = {{WASTE-WATER,SILVER NANOPARTICLES,MBR,Pathogen removal,Microfiltration,Electrospinning,Nanofiber,MICROFILTRATION,MEMBRANE,POLYMER,FIBERS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{942--948}}, title = {{Performance assessment of electrospun nanofibres for filter applications}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2009.06.064}}, volume = {{249}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{767505, abstract = {{The aim of this research is to develop a method to dye extremely small amounts of grey cotton and to adapt existing characterisation methods to these small amounts of fibres, so that the reactivity of the cotton fibres could be studied. A small scale laboratory method is developed to dye cotton with commercial dyes in vials. For the quantification of the dyeing levels of these small fibre samples, different techniques were adapted, such as UVVIS and Raman spectroscopy. The preferred method is dependent on the colour and the type of dye.}}, author = {{Ceylan, Özgür and Van Landuyt, Lieve and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Autex 2009 : book of abstracts}}, isbn = {{9754837872}}, keywords = {{UV-VIS Spectroscopy,Characterisation Techniques,Raman Spectroscopy,Cotton}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Izmir, Turkey}}, pages = {{1033--1035}}, publisher = {{Ege University. Department of Textiel engineering}}, title = {{Novel tests for dyeing and characterisation of small amounts of cotton fibre}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{767586, abstract = {{This paper verifies the possibility of using standard water-soluble pH-indicator dyes in color change textile materials made out of conventional textiles and produced by a dyeing process. After a screening process in which the color depth, levelness and the color change properties of the dyed samples were examined, some dyes were selected to study in more detail. It was found that the behavior of the indicator dyes is different when the dyes are incorporated in textile materials instead of being dissolved in an aqueous solution. Our results show that it is possible to develop a textile pH-sensor using pH-indicators and conventional textiles.}}, author = {{Van der Schueren, Lien and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{International conference on Latest Advances in High-Tech Textiles and Textile-Based Materials, Proceedings}}, editor = {{Kiekens, Paul}}, isbn = {{9789081392426}}, keywords = {{nylon,pH-indicators,cotton,halochromism,sensor}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{38--40}}, publisher = {{Ghent University. Department of Textiles}}, title = {{Color change textile materials: a feasibility study on the use of pH-indicator dyes in textile pH-sensors}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{767594, abstract = {{Electrospinning is a relatively simple fibre-forming process and offers a unique method to produce nanofibers. The process exists at this moment 80 years and has seen a very turbulent history. There is a need to see what actually happened in this history. We have taken a brief look in the history of electrospinning. This paper is reporting on some of the aspects that electrospinning encountered. It is crucial to see that electrospinning has been used in different countries in different time periods. The history of electrospinning is mainly characterised by bad timing. The future of electrospinning looks however quit bright.}}, author = {{De Vrieze, Sander and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{International conference on Latest Advances in High-Tech Textiles and Textile-Based Materials, Proceedings}}, editor = {{Kiekens, Paul}}, isbn = {{9789081392426}}, keywords = {{History,Electrospinning}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Ghent, Belgium}}, pages = {{60--63}}, publisher = {{Ghent University. Department of Textiles}}, title = {{80 years of electrospinning}}, year = {{2009}}, } @inproceedings{901723, author = {{Daels, Nele and Decostere, Bjorge and De Vrieze, Sander and Dejans, Pascal and Van Camp, T and Audenaert, Wim and Hogie, Joël and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, booktitle = {{IWA BeNeLux Regional Young Water Professionals Conference, 1st, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Eindhoven, The Netherlands}}, title = {{Performance assessment of functionalized electrospun nanofibres for removal of pathogens}}, year = {{2009}}, } @article{395666, author = {{Van Nimmen, Els and De Clerck, Karen and Verschuren, Johan and Gellynck, Kris and Gheysens, Tom and Mertens, Johan and Van Langenhove, Lieva}}, issn = {{0924-2031}}, journal = {{VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY}}, keywords = {{spider silk,FT-IR spectroscopy,diffuse reflection,attenuated total reflection,transmission,fibre,TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY,DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE,DRIFT SPECTROSCOPY,COTTON-CELLULOSE,OXIDATION,CHEMISTRY,PROTEINS,FIBERS,ACIDS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{63--68}}, title = {{FT-IR spectroscopy of spider and silkworm silks, part I : different sampling techniques}}, volume = {{46}}, year = {{2008}}, } @article{415667, author = {{Morent, Rino and De Geyter, Nathalie and Verschuren, Johan and De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul and Leys, Christophe}}, issn = {{0257-8972}}, journal = {{SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{14}}, pages = {{3427--3449}}, title = {{Non-thermal plasma treatment of textiles}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.12.027}}, volume = {{202}}, year = {{2008}}, } @inproceedings{445699, author = {{De Vrieze, Sander and Van Camp, Tamara and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Textiles of the Future}}, language = {{eng}}, title = {{Electrospinning: the road to a new class of materials?}}, year = {{2008}}, } @article{594958, author = {{Decostere, Bjorge and Daels, Nele and De Vrieze, Sander and Dejans, Pascal and Van Camp, Tamara and Audenaert, Wim and Hogie, Joël and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, issn = {{1569-2361}}, journal = {{AFVALWATERWETENSCHAP}}, language = {{dut}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{17--28}}, title = {{Waterfiltratie met electrogesponnen nanovezels}}, volume = {{7}}, year = {{2008}}, } @inproceedings{595022, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul}}, booktitle = {{IFATCC International Congress, 21st, Proceedings}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Barcelona, Spain}}, publisher = {{International Federation of Associations of Textile Chemists and Colorists (IFATCC)}}, title = {{Variations in dyeing characteristics for PET-fibres: the effect of dye-fibre interactions}}, year = {{2008}}, } @inproceedings{595023, author = {{Decostere, Bjorge and De Vrieze, Sander and Dejans, Pascal and Van Camp, Tamara and Audenaert, Wim and Hogie, Joël and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, booktitle = {{Congres Water en Klimaatverandering, Proceedings}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Antwerpen}}, title = {{Analyse van de performantie van nanovezels voor waterfiltratie}}, year = {{2008}}, } @inproceedings{595029, author = {{Decostere, Bjorge and De Vrieze, Sander and Dejans, Pascal and Van Camp, Tamara and Audenaert, Wim and Hogie, Joël and Daels, Nele and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen and Van Hulle, Stijn}}, booktitle = {{Membrane symposium and 12th Poster day membrane technology, Abstracts}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Antwerp, Belgium}}, title = {{Performance assessment of electrospun nanofibres for filter applications}}, year = {{2008}}, } @inproceedings{430209, author = {{De Vrieze, Sander and Van Camp, Tamara and NELVIG, A and HAGSTRöM, B and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Biella - Italy : Proceedings of the 8th Autex Conference}}, language = {{und}}, title = {{Poster: The effect of temperature and humidity on electrospinning}}, year = {{2008}}, } @inproceedings{430212, author = {{Kiekens, Paul and De Vrieze, Sander and Van Camp, Tamara and Decostere, Bjorge and Audenaert, Wim and Westbroek, Philippe and Van Hulle, Stijn and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Biella - Italy : Proceedings of the 8th Autex Conference}}, language = {{eng}}, title = {{Electrospinning based nanofibrous structures for water filtration}}, year = {{2008}}, } @inproceedings{430216, author = {{De Vrieze, Sander and Van Camp, Tamara and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Biella - Italy ; Proceedings of the 8th Autex Conference}}, language = {{und}}, title = {{Characterization of nanofibrous material}}, year = {{2008}}, } @article{414240, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and RAHIER, H and VAN MELE, B and Westbroek, Philippe and Kiekens, Paul}}, issn = {{0021-8995}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{1648--1658}}, publisher = {{JOHN WILEY & SONS INC}}, title = {{Dye-fiber interactions in PET fibers: Hydrogen bonding studied by IR-spectroscopy}}, volume = {{106}}, year = {{2007}}, } @article{594941, author = {{Matemadombo, Fungisai and Westbroek, Philippe and Nyokong, Tebello and Ozoemena, Kenneth and De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul}}, issn = {{0013-4686}}, journal = {{ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA}}, keywords = {{AQUEOUS-MEDIA,CYTOCHROME-C,electrocatalysis,deposition,SAM,SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS,ELECTROCATALYTIC BEHAVIOR,ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES,RECORDABLE CDS,CoTAPc,gold,L-CYSTEINE,ELECTRODES,PHTHALOCYANINES,FILMS}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{2024--2031}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{Immobilization of tetra-amine substituted metallophthalocyanines at gold surfaces modified with mercaptopropionic acid or DTSP-SAMs}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.08.027}}, volume = {{52}}, year = {{2007}}, } @incollection{594962, author = {{St. Laurent, JB and de Buzzaccarini, F and De Clerck, Karen and Demeyere, H and Lebeque, R and Lodewick, R and Van Langenhove, Lieva}}, booktitle = {{Handbook for Cleaning/Decontamination of Surfaces}}, editor = {{Johansson, Ingegard and Somasundaran, P}}, isbn = {{978-0-444-51664-0}}, language = {{eng}}, publisher = {{Elsevier}}, title = {{Laundry cleaning of textiles}}, year = {{2007}}, } @inproceedings{344819, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Van Oostveldt, Patric and Westbroek, Philippe and Kiekens, Paul}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the INTERNATIONAL FIBER CONFERENCE 2006}}, language = {{und}}, pages = {{183--184}}, publisher = {{THE FIBER SOCIETY}}, title = {{DYE DIFFUSION STUDIES BY CONFOCAL LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY}}, year = {{2006}}, } @article{332342, abstract = {{Novel treatments for the reduction of dyebath induced hygral expansion are described. Their application in Neolan P dyebaths offers the potential for reduced dimensional instability with a limited impact on the final fabric colour.}}, author = {{Akbarov, Djamal and Baymuratov, Bahkhodir and Westbroek, Philippe and Akbarov, Rustam and De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul}}, issn = {{0021-891X}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY}}, keywords = {{WOOL}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{411--418}}, publisher = {{Springer}}, title = {{Development of electroconductive polyacrylonitrile fibers through chemical metallization and galvanisation}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-005-9085-8}}, volume = {{36}}, year = {{2006}}, } @article{335300, abstract = {{In this paper an electrochemical cell is developed to test and follow-up the quality of electrodes made of knitted, woven and non-woven conductive textile material. This cell is constructed of two electrodes planarly positioned against each other using a series of PVC plates. The obtained impedance, as a result of applied alternating potential and measured current signal, is equal to the resistance of the system electrode-electrolyte in the frequency region where no shift is observed in phase angle between applied potential and measured current. This resistance provides information about the properties and performance of the electrodes and a change of this resistance during the lifetime of the electrodes is an interesting parameter for quality control of the used electrodes. After characterization of the cell a range of textile electrodes (woven, non-woven and knitted) were investigated and compared. Results showed that the textile electrodes behave initially similar, obeying an equation that shows that the resistance is proportional to d, c(-1) and A(-2/3), d being the distance between the electrodes, c the electrolyte concentration and A the electrode surface. However, after longer exposure some indication of corrosion and malfunction was detected.}}, author = {{Westbroek, Philippe and Priniotakis, Georgios and Palovuori, Elina and De Clerck, Karen and Van Langenhove, Lieva and Kiekens, Paul}}, issn = {{0040-5175}}, journal = {{TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}}, keywords = {{GARMENT MANUFACTURE,INTELLIGENT TEXTILE}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{152--159}}, publisher = {{Sage Publications ltd}}, title = {{Quality control of textile electrodes by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1177/0040517506053911}}, volume = {{76}}, year = {{2006}}, } @article{365255, author = {{GASANA, E and Westbroek, Philippe and Hakuzimana, Jean and De Clerck, Karen and Priniotakis, Georgios and Kiekens, Paul and TSELES, D}}, issn = {{0257-8972}}, journal = {{SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{6}}, pages = {{3547--3551}}, publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA}}, title = {{Electroconductive textile structures through electroless deposition of polypyrrole and copper at polyaramide surfaces}}, volume = {{201}}, year = {{2006}}, } @article{594955, author = {{Bolhová, E and Ujhelyiová, A and De Clerck, Karen and Van Oostveldt, Patric and Marcinčin, A}}, issn = {{1335-0617}}, journal = {{VLAKNA A TEXTIL}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1-2}}, pages = {{16--22}}, title = {{Influence of the poly (trimethylene terephthalate) phase distribution on the dyeing of polypropylene/poly (trimethylene terephthalate) bicomponent fibres}}, volume = {{13}}, year = {{2006}}, } @inproceedings{595014, author = {{Ujhelyiova, A and Bolhova, E and De Clerck, Karen and Marcincin, A}}, booktitle = {{Textile, Clothing and Design Conference, 3rd International, Proceedings}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Dubrovnik, Croatia}}, pages = {{360--365}}, title = {{The influence of PES on the dye distribution in blend polypropylene/polyester fibres}}, year = {{2006}}, } @article{316258, author = {{AKBAROV, D and BAYMURATOV, B and AKBAROV, R and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul}}, issn = {{0040-5175}}, journal = {{TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{197--202}}, publisher = {{TEXTILE RESEARCH INST}}, title = {{Optimizing process parameters in polyacrylonitrile production for metallization with nickel}}, volume = {{75}}, year = {{2005}}, } @article{323486, author = {{Verschuren, Johan and VAN HERZELE, P and De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul}}, issn = {{0040-5175}}, journal = {{TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{5}}, pages = {{437--441}}, publisher = {{TEXTILE RESEARCH INST}}, title = {{Influence of fiber surface purity on wicking properties of needle-punched nonwoven after oxygen plasma treatment}}, volume = {{75}}, year = {{2005}}, } @article{300422, author = {{Schoukens, Gustaaf and De Clerck, Karen}}, issn = {{0032-3861}}, journal = {{POLYMER}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{845--857}}, publisher = {{ELSEVIER SCI LTD}}, title = {{Thermal analysis and Raman spectroscopic studies of crystallization in poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate)}}, volume = {{46}}, year = {{2005}}, } @article{300116, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Van Oostveldt, Patric and Rahier, Hubert and Van Mele, Bruno and Westbroek, Philippe and Kiekens, Paul}}, issn = {{0032-3861}}, journal = {{POLYMER}}, keywords = {{DYEING PROPERTIES,BOUNDARY-LAYER,THERMAL-PROPERTIES,CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENCE,confocal laser scanning microscopy,poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres,dye diffusion,POLYESTER,SORPTION,INTERRELATION,POLYAMIDE}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{101--108}}, title = {{Variations in diffusion coefficient of disperse dyes in single PET fibres: monitored and interpreted by confocal laser scanning microscopy}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.074}}, volume = {{46}}, year = {{2005}}, } @inproceedings{293163, author = {{AKBAROV, D and BAYMURATOV, B and Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul}}, booktitle = {{World Textile Conference - 4th Autex Conference}}, language = {{und}}, publisher = {{ENSAIT}}, title = {{Metallization of synthetic fibres: Nickel absorbed polyacrylonitrile fibers}}, year = {{2004}}, } @article{297184, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Van Oostveldt, Patric and Rahier, Hubert and Van Mele, Bruno and Westbroek, Philippe and Kiekens, Paul}}, issn = {{0032-3861}}, journal = {{POLYMER}}, keywords = {{POLYESTER MICROFIBERS,THERMAL-PROPERTIES,glass transition,poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres,dye diffusion,BOUNDARY-LAYER,DISPERSE DYES,SORPTION}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{12}}, pages = {{4105--4112}}, title = {{Dye diffusion studies in PET fibres by confocal laser scanning microscopy and the interrelation with the glass transition}}, url = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.03.103}}, volume = {{45}}, year = {{2004}}, } @article{214070, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and RAHIER, H and VAN MELE, B and Kiekens, Paul}}, issn = {{0021-8995}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{14}}, pages = {{3840--3849}}, publisher = {{JOHN WILEY & SONS INC}}, title = {{Thermal properties relevant to the processing of PET fibers}}, volume = {{89}}, year = {{2003}}, } @article{214073, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and RAHIER, H and VAN MELE, B and Kiekens, Paul}}, issn = {{0021-8995}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{105--114}}, publisher = {{JOHN WILEY & SONS INC}}, title = {{Interrelation between dyeing and thermal properties of PET fibers}}, volume = {{90}}, year = {{2003}}, } @inproceedings{214076, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and RAHIER, H and VAN MELE, B and VAN OOSTVELDT, P and Westbroek, Philippe and Kiekens, Paul}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 3rd CEC Conference}}, language = {{und}}, pages = {{cd-rom-cd-rom}}, title = {{A study of the thermal properties of PET fibres with relevance to the dye diffusion process}}, year = {{2003}}, } @article{209573, author = {{Westbroek, Philippe and De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul and GASANA, E and Temmerman, Eduard}}, issn = {{0040-5175}}, journal = {{TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{12}}, pages = {{1079--1084}}, title = {{Improving quality and reproducibility of the indigo dye process by measuring and controlling indigo and sodium dithionite concentrations}}, volume = {{73}}, year = {{2003}}, } @article{209595, author = {{GASANA, E and Westbroek, Philippe and De Wael, Karolien and Temmerman, Eduard and De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul}}, issn = {{0022-0728}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY}}, language = {{eng}}, pages = {{35--42}}, title = {{Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of sodium dithionite at a platinum electrode in alkaline solution}}, volume = {{553}}, year = {{2003}}, } @inproceedings{161284, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and RAHIER, H and VAN MELE, B and Van Oostveldt, Patric and Kiekens, Paul}}, booktitle = {{2nd Autex Conference : Textile Engineering at the Dawn of a New Millenium, Bruges, Belgium, 1-3 July, 2002, p.161-173}}, language = {{eng}}, title = {{The Dyeing of PET Fibres, a Fundamental Analysis}}, year = {{2002}}, } @article{594961, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul}}, journal = {{UNITEX. TWEEMAANDELIJKS TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR DE TEXTIELINDUSTRIE}}, language = {{dut}}, number = {{2002 / 2}}, pages = {{57--57}}, publisher = {{Unitex vzw}}, title = {{Het verven van conventionele PET-weefsels en PET-microvezelweefsels : een fundamentele analyse}}, year = {{2002}}, } @inproceedings{144732, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul}}, booktitle = {{Fibres and textiles for the future, Proceedings}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Tampere, Finland}}, pages = {{83--90}}, title = {{The colour build-up of PET microfibre fabrics: a reinvestigation of the problem and possible causes}}, year = {{2001}}, } @inproceedings{264472, author = {{Kiekens, Paul and De Clerck, Karen}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of 'Vllth International IZMIR Textile and Apparel Symposium', 19-23 April pp. F161-F166}}, language = {{eng}}, title = {{An Introduction into the Dyeing of Polyester Microfibres}}, year = {{1996}}, } @inproceedings{595006, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul and Van Oostveldt, Patric}}, booktitle = {{Joint Meeting Belgische Vereniging voor Microscopie / Nederlandse Vereniging voor Microscopie, Proceedings}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Gent}}, publisher = {{Belgische Vereniging voor Microscopie ; Nederlandse Vereniging voor Microscopie}}, title = {{Investigation into the dyeing of polyester microfibres, state of the art and possible new perspectives: e.g. the use of confocal laser scanning microscopy}}, year = {{1996}}, } @inproceedings{595002, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Kiekens, Paul and Van Oostveldt, Patric}}, booktitle = {{IFVTCC Congress, 17th, Proceedings}}, language = {{eng}}, location = {{Vienna}}, pages = {{201--203}}, title = {{Investigation into the dyeing of polyester microfibres, state of the art and possible new perspectives : e.g. the use of confocal laser scanning microscopy}}, year = {{1996}}, } @article{594929, abstract = {{Novel treatments for the reduction of dyebath induced hygral expansion are described. Their application in Neolan P dyebaths offers the potential for reduced dimensional instability with a limited impact on the final fabric colour.}}, author = {{De Clerck, Karen and Carr, CM and Dodd, KJ}}, issn = {{0040-5000}}, journal = {{JOURNAL OF THE TEXTILE INSTITUTE}}, keywords = {{WOOL}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{611--618}}, title = {{Novel dyebath treatments for the prevention of increased hygral expansion occurring in piece dyed worsted fabrics}}, volume = {{84}}, year = {{1993}}, }