Academic Bibliography
https://biblio.ugent.be/
Ghent University Academic Bibliography2000-01-01T00:00+00:001dailyPerceived safety, trust, and dialogue formation between sexually victimized women and police
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8548425
Rahbari, Ladan2014Many young women in Iran experience sexual disturbance and molestation in urban public spaces, but they usually do not refer to police to report the abuse or ask for help willingly, even in critical cases like acute sexual attacks. This research was conducted among 47 young women sexually victimized in Tehran. Semistructured interviews were conducted to explore victims' experiences and postvictimization actions. Results show that, although all women are aware of legal penalties for sexual disturbances and are emotionally affected by the incidents, 8.5% of interviewees have contacted the police after experiencing serious disturbances such as sexual molestation and rape. Women are highly unwilling to contact the police because they believe that dialog channels with police forces are closed. Three main explanations for reluctance to communicate with authorities are as follows: (1) perceived inculpation threat—most women believe that they might be held responsible for the disturbances because of their appearances or merely their gender; (2) distrust in male police officers—it is a common belief that male officers do not approach sexual disturbance as a serious matter or they will reabuse the victims; and (3) fear of being accused reversal of the truth—women are afraid that they would not be able to prove their claims, and if criminals are arrested, the suspects would deny their guilt and reverse the truth by condemning women for misleading behavior. Dialog is not being formed between victimized women and police forces because of the lack of three main prerequisites of communication: perceived safety, trust, and credibility.application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8548425http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8548425http://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2014.0008https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8548425/file/8607511engNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessVIOLENCE AND GENDERISSN: 2326-7836ISSN: 2326-7852Social SciencesPerceived safety, trust, and dialogue formation between sexually victimized women and policejournalArticleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionGender, migration and embodiment : story of a Muslim migrant woman living in Belgium
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8550647
Rahbari, Ladan2017https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8550647http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8550647undThe challenge of the global migrant : bodies on the move and cultural differences, AbstractsSocial SciencesGender, migration and embodiment : story of a Muslim migrant woman living in Belgiumconferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionIn solidarity with Muslim women? Campaigns of solidarity in the West and the question of veiling
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527713
Rahbari, Ladan2017https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527713http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8527713undIntersectional mobilizations and solidarities in neo-nationalist times, AbstractsSocial SciencesIn solidarity with Muslim women? Campaigns of solidarity in the West and the question of veilingconferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionGender and the right to the space
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527719
Rahbari, Ladan2016https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527719http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8527719undBook of Abstracts of the 3rd ISA Forum of SociologySocial SciencesGender and the right to the spaceconferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionSpaces of terror and women's activism for realization of right to the city
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527718
Rahbari, Ladan2016https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527718http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8527718undBook of Abstracts of the 3rd ISA Forum of SociologySocial SciencesSpaces of terror and women's activism for realization of right to the cityconferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionThe transgender issue and the LGBT frameworks of study in Iran
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527715
Rahbari, Ladan2016https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527715http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8527715undCongresdag LGBT-onderzoek in de lage landen, AbstractsSocial SciencesThe transgender issue and the LGBT frameworks of study in Iranconferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAgency, body and resistance : a qualitative study among Iranian migrant women living in Belgium
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527714
Rahbari, Ladan2017https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527714http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8527714undResistance : between theory and field conference, AbstractsSocial SciencesAgency, body and resistance : a qualitative study among Iranian migrant women living in Belgiumconferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionGender and right to the city : testing Lefebvre's theory in Tehran
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527428
Rahbari, LadanSharepour, M2014https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527428http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8527428engIRANIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGYISSN: 1735-1901Social SciencesGender and right to the city : testing Lefebvre's theory in TehranjournalArticleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionGender diffreneces in realisation of right to the city
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527427
Sharepour, MRahbari, LadanSharepour, M.2014https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527427http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8527427perTeesaCity, space and everyday life (In Persian)ISBN: 9786007212639Social SciencesGender diffreneces in realisation of right to the citybookChapterinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bookPartinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionSexual violence and physical health problems of married women in urban Iran : an exploratory research
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527370
Rahbari, Ladan2014Sexual victimisation continues to be a major problem worldwide and patriarchal value system is helping its continuation by providing cultural justifications. This paper explores some patriarchal sexual attitudes leading to physical health problems of married women in urban Iran by analysing data from in-depth interviews. There is an interactional reinforcing relationship between patriarchal beliefs of male sexual hegemony along with female sexual passivity, and patriarchal sexual attitudes. By exploring varieties of ways men impose patriarchal sexual desires and standards among Iranian married couples, I show that three patriarchal attitudes of (a) sexual coercion, (b) hostility and (c) body control are mechanisms through which married women experience physical problems. Sexual coercion such as imposing oral and anal sex, hostile sexual behavior and imposing body control rituals such as heavy diets and managing female partner’s body are causing physical pain and problems for married women.application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527370http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8527370https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527370/file/8548502engNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessISA E-SYMPOSIUM OF SOCIOLOGYSocial SciencesBody controlcoercioncultural valuehealthpassivitypatriarchySexual violence and physical health problems of married women in urban Iran : an exploratory researchjournalArticleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionA passage from profane to sacred : representation of the rite of passage in the Myth of Za'al
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527442
Rahbari, Ladan2011application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527442http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8527442https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527442/file/8548507perNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessIRANIAN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGYISSN: 1375-2096Philosophy and ReligionA passage from profane to sacred : representation of the rite of passage in the Myth of Za'aljournalArticleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAnthropology as a liberating science : integrating theory and practice in participatory action research
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527441
Rahbari, Ladan2012application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527441http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8527441http://doi.org/10.22059/IJAR.2013.50670https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527441/file/8548514perNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessIRANIAN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY RESEARCHISSN: 2251-8193Social SciencesAnthropology as a liberating science : integrating theory and practice in participatory action researchjournalArticleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionStress process approach in the sociology of mental health : sociological study of stress
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527429
Riahi, MERahbari, Ladan2014application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527429http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8527429https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527429/file/8548511perNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessIRANIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL STUDIESISSN: 2008-3653Social SciencesStress process approach in the sociology of mental health : sociological study of stressjournalArticleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAt the intersection of embodied otherness : Iranian migrant women’s shared experiences in Belgium
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8548496
Rahbari, Ladan2017application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8548496http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8548496https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8548496/file/8611200engNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessGender studies in Belgium : a state of the art, AbstractsSocial SciencesAt the intersection of embodied otherness : Iranian migrant women’s shared experiences in Belgiumconferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionThe changing face of teaching gender and its position in the mainstream academia in Iran
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527728
Rahbari, Ladan2016https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527728http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8527728undAtGender Spring Conference 2016, AbstractsSocial SciencesThe changing face of teaching gender and its position in the mainstream academia in Iranconferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTransgender in Iran : gender politics, space and harmful cultural practices
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527727
Rahbari, Ladan2016https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8527727http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8527727undTrans*formation conference, AbstractsSocial SciencesTransgender in Iran : gender politics, space and harmful cultural practicesconferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionSisters unite! campaigning for transnational solidarity with muslim women in ‘World Hijab Day’
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607557
Rahbari, Ladan2018application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607557http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8607557https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607557/file/8607564engNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess10th European Feminist Research Conference, AbstractsPhilosophy and ReligionFeminismhijabIslamtransnational solidaritywomen.Sisters unite! campaigning for transnational solidarity with muslim women in ‘World Hijab Day’conferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionWomen’s sports and physical activity in Iran : female university students’ perceptions of gender and sport relations
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607546
Rahbari, Ladan2018application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607546http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8607546https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607546/file/8607555engNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess10th European Feminist Research Conference, AbstractsSocial SciencesBodybio-powerdisciplinefeminismsportswomen.Women’s sports and physical activity in Iran : female university students’ perceptions of gender and sport relationsconferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAll the King’s slaves : vulnerability and sexual captivity during the Safavid period
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607538
Rahbari, Ladan2018application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607538http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8607538https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607538/file/8607544engNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessIranian Studies Initiative, 4th Annual Conference, AbstractsPhilosophy and ReligionCaptivityintersectionalityslaverySafavidsexualityShi’avulnerability.All the King’s slaves : vulnerability and sexual captivity during the Safavid periodconferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionWomen's pilgrimage to Fatima-Masoumeh's shrine in Qom : leisure, mobility and religious practice
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607534
Rahbari, Ladan2018application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607534http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8607534https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607534/file/8607537engNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess15th EASA Biennial Conference, AbstractsPhilosophy and ReligionIslampilgrimageQomritualTwelver Shi'iwomenWomen's pilgrimage to Fatima-Masoumeh's shrine in Qom : leisure, mobility and religious practiceconferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionThe Introduction of Sugarcane in West-Central Africa: Insights from Comparative Bantu Word Histories
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HT2JKE3W3RG252Q1C924SRR0
Van Acker, SifraPacchiarotti, SaraBostoen, Koen2024Due to the extreme scarcity of archaeological and historical data, little is known about the introduction of Southeast Asian crops such as banana, sugarcane, taro, and greater yam in Africa, nor about the role they played in the subsistence and lifeways of ancestral African communities. Therefore, in this article, we closely examine comparative lexical data as a source to reconstruct the history of sugarcane in West-Central Africa. We focus, more specifically, on one branch of the Bantu language family, i.e., West-Coastal Bantu, in conjunction with data from Bantu languages spoken in the Congo rainforest and further south. We argue that despite their shared origins, sugarcane and banana were not introduced into Africa as part of one single Southeast Asian package. Sugarcane made its way through West-Central Africa together with crops of American origin such as maize, cassava, peanut, common bean, and (sweet) potato as part of the so-called “Columbian Exchange”, i.e., not earlier than the 16th century CE, while the ancestry of bananas in the Congo rainforest area probably goes back to the Early Iron Age, i.e., about 2,500 years ago.application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HT2JKE3W3RG252Q1C924SRR0http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01HT2JKE3W3RG252Q1C924SRR0http://doi.org/10.53228/njas.v33i1.1107https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HT2JKE3W3RG252Q1C924SRR0/file/01HT2K6M4CCHMN45CX96T3SH7Venginfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/724275No license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessNordic Journal of African StudiesISSN: 1459-9465Languages and LiteraturesCentral Africahistorical linguisticslexical reconstructionSoutheast Asian cropssugarcaneWest-Coastal BantuThe Introduction of Sugarcane in West-Central Africa: Insights from Comparative Bantu Word HistoriesjournalArticleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionBeauty practices as harmful cultural practices? Study of female University Students in Iran
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607570
Rahbari, Ladan2018application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607570http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8607570https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607570/file/8607582engNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessXIX ISA World Congress of Sociology. Power, violence and justice : reflections, responses and responsibilities, AbstractsSocial SciencesAgencybeautycosmetic surgerygenderharmful cultural practicesIran.Beauty practices as harmful cultural practices? Study of female University Students in Iranconferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion‘Do you plan to stay?’ : Iranian migrant women’s experiences of hospitality and intolerence in Belgium
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607600
Rahbari, Ladan2017application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607600http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8607600https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607600/file/8607606engNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessBodies in Motion Conference, AbstractsSocial SciencesEuropecolordiscriminationgendermigrationreligion‘Do you plan to stay?’ : Iranian migrant women’s experiences of hospitality and intolerence in Belgiumconferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionDigital spaces and revolution of gender and sexuality : a case study of 'the legend of Zelda: Botw'
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607587
Rahbari, Ladan2018application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607587http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8607587https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8607587/file/8607589engNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessXIX ISA World Congress of Sociology. Power, violence and justice : reflections, responses and responsibilities, AbstractsSocial SciencesDigital spaces and revolution of gender and sexuality : a case study of 'the legend of Zelda: Botw'conferenceinfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObjectinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionThe KMT Selects Its Presidential Candidate: Can Uniting All Non-Green Friends Make Taiwan Go Blue in 2024?
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01H1CP4WMTH78F19EZSQ5QD4RK
Roctus, Jasper2023After its victory in the 2022 local elections over the pan-Green coalition led by the Democratic Progressive Party (民主進步黨, DPP) of incumbent Taiwanese president Tsai Ing-wen, the Chinese Nationalist Party (中國國民黨, KMT), which heads the opposition pan-Blue coalition, started its preparations for Taiwan’s general (legislative and presidential) elections scheduled for January 2024. However, as of early May, while the DPP has already selected William Lai as its presidential contender, the KMT is much less unified.application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01H1CP4WMTH78F19EZSQ5QD4RKhttp://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01H1CP4WMTH78F19EZSQ5QD4RKhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01H1CP4WMTH78F19EZSQ5QD4RK/file/01H1CPC5EBG58RGC1ZMAAF6BPAengTaiwan InsightNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessSocial SciencesTaiwanChinaCross-Strait RelationsElectionsParty politicsThe KMT Selects Its Presidential Candidate: Can Uniting All Non-Green Friends Make Taiwan Go Blue in 2024?miscinfo:eu-repo/semantics/otherinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionBibliografia sul Buddhismo in Italia
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HD44R29KT9RMFC99M2D6TNR2
Stortini, Paride2012application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HD44R29KT9RMFC99M2D6TNR2http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01HD44R29KT9RMFC99M2D6TNR2https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HD44R29KT9RMFC99M2D6TNR2/file/01HD450SWZVYN7M40S8F9198VVitaTrinity CollegeNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessCarte Allineate: recensioni e testiISSN: 2009-7123Philosophy and ReligionBibliografia sul Buddhismo in Italiamiscinfo:eu-repo/semantics/otherinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionKrämer, Hans Martin Shimaji Mokurai and the Reconception of Religion and the Secular in Modern Japan
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HD43VMXAPNN6FKKXX8REHSZQ
Stortini, Paride2017application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HD43VMXAPNN6FKKXX8REHSZQhttp://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01HD43VMXAPNN6FKKXX8REHSZQhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HD43VMXAPNN6FKKXX8REHSZQ/file/01HD445DB44NY01CGP1JHQCXSTengNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessJapanese Religions: NCC Center for the Study of Japanese ReligionsISSN: 0448-8954Philosophy and ReligionKrämer, Hans Martin Shimaji Mokurai and the Reconception of Religion and the Secular in Modern Japanmiscinfo:eu-repo/semantics/reviewinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionChina’s 14th National People’s Congress: No Ordinary Cups of Tea
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01GWS4D0Y1VJF2NY0EM3PBVN6Z
Roctus, JasperDessein, Bart2023The 20th National CCP Congress of October 2022 suggested that ideology had prevailed over economy – a development that can be traced back to the 18th National Party Congress of 2012 when Hu Jintao (Youth League) was replaced by Xi Jinping (Princelings) as General Secretary of the CCP. The abrupt change in the PRC’s Covid policy in early December 2022 after considerable civil unrest can, however, at once be interpreted as a setback for the ideological line of Xi Jinping, and a prominent return of economic realism within Chinese leadership.application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01GWS4D0Y1VJF2NY0EM3PBVN6Zhttp://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01GWS4D0Y1VJF2NY0EM3PBVN6Zhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01GWS4D0Y1VJF2NY0EM3PBVN6Z/file/01GWS4GTTPPNXER9AG47MCGHQ1engEgmont InstituteNo license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessSocial SciencesChinaCCPXi JinpingEconomicsIdeologyChina’s 14th National People’s Congress: No Ordinary Cups of Teamiscinfo:eu-repo/semantics/reportinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionTitograd: oké, maar Sarajevo? De verhalen van de Winczlavs en de onfortuinlijke Van Hamme
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HSY9CPRJ4DYWY3MSRXB2HDEF
De Dobbeleer, Michel2023application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HSY9CPRJ4DYWY3MSRXB2HDEFhttp://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01HSY9CPRJ4DYWY3MSRXB2HDEFhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HSY9CPRJ4DYWY3MSRXB2HDEF/file/01HSY9SF0V8M66Z4TR708SDQVDdutinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/758502No license (in copyright)info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessKIBIK = КИБИК : BalkanknipselsArts and ArchitectureLanguages and LiteraturesHistory and ArchaeologyYugoslaviaLargo WinchBelgian ComicsMontenegroLa fortune des WinczlavPhilippe BerthetTitograd: oké, maar Sarajevo? De verhalen van de Winczlavs en de onfortuinlijke Van Hammemiscinfo:eu-repo/semantics/reviewinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionConfucianism and metaphysics : studies on the analects in Wei, Jin, southern and northern dynasties
https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HSXPPRGGX8AKDCC2H3121TJ4
Hongbing, SongDessein, BartFan, Jiang2024From the establishment of the Wei Dynasty by Cao Pi曹丕 in 220 to the conquest of the Chen Dynasty by Yang Jian杨坚 in 589, the period of Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties was the most turbulent period of political power transition in Chinese history. Academic research during this period also demonstrated the most active and critical aspects of Chinese academic history. Given the openness of interpretation, the popular orientation, and the special issues, "The Analects" provides an important perspective for understanding the changes that occurred during this period——it not only refers to the rise and fall of classical scholars and their subjects, but also reflects the evolution of problem awareness and thinking routes. Different from the research methods in the academic community that mostly adopt the approach of literature or intellectual history in studying "The Analects" during this period, this research chooses a perspective of the history of philosophy, and through in-depth exploration of the "problems" behind the annotations, it unfolds the study of "The Analects" in Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties.
The main body of the dissertation is divided into four chapters. When corresponding to the main characteristics of the study of "The Analects" during the late Han and early Wei, Cao Wei and Western Jin, Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties periods, these words also roughly summarize the main clues of the evolution of the study of "The Analects" in Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties: in the late Han and early Wei periods, Confucianism became more "fussy" 文 and the voice of "Refuting Zheng" was prevalent; under the re-evaluation of the value of returning to the origin and "Understanding the Sage" by the metaphysical scholars, metaphysics rose while Confucianism declined; after the migration to the south during the Yongjia period永嘉, although the academic community used the "teachings" to criticize the emptiness of metaphysics, it also weakened both Confucianism and metaphysics; after the Song and Chen periods, Confucianism integrated metaphysics into the interpretation of classic studies, and academic research once again returned to the " classics."
The first chapter discusses the problems and rebellions of Confucianism in the late Han Dynasty through the annotations of Zheng Xuan郑玄, Wang Su王肃, and He Yan何晏 on "The Analects". In the development of Confucianism during the Han Dynasty, which focused on the study of classics, there was intense contradiction between the two factions of schools of contemporary texts and schools of ancient texts. The outstanding scholar, Zheng Xuan, simultaneously accepted the classics respected by both factions based on the logic of "different systems in the Three Dynasties", "same path for hundreds of kings", and thus constructed a new school of comprehensive and refined studies. However, the short-lived "unification" brought about by Zheng Xuan did not receive universal recognition in the academic community at that time. The main problem of Zheng Xuan was "fussy". Under the wave of "Refuting Zheng", scholars of the old school, represented by Wang Su, launched a multi-dimensional critique based on ritual system and practice, Confucius and classical studies, among others. However, this specific critique of classical studies actually exacerbated the "fussy " in academia. Scholars of the new school, represented by He Yan, created a "collective interpretation" in "Lunyu Jijie"论语集解(Collected Explanations of The Analects), and liberated "The Analects" from the problems of classical studies by deleting old annotations and avoiding controversies.
The second chapter explores the study of "The Analects" during the era of metaphysics, and specifically discusses how metaphysicians digest "The Analects" and Confucius himself. He Yan, based on the distinction between "unity" and "multiplicity" in classical interpretation, constructed a metaphysical framework for metaphysics through the exploration of "unity." However, due to He Yan's excessive insistence on the metaphysical "Dao" 道, he inevitably neglected the focus of "The Analects" on the concrete "person". Wang Bi王弼, starting from Confucius' emotions, revised He Yan's stereotypical interpretation of the problem of the sage in metaphysics. However, this exploration of the problem of the sage was ultimately philosophical and abstract, which created tension with the concrete life of Confucius in "The Analects." Including the concrete Confucius in the abstract problem of the sage is the core task of metaphysicians in interpreting "The Analects" and the most interesting aspect of "The Analects" in the context of metaphysics. In addition, Guo Xiang's郭象 "Lunyu Tilue"论语体略 (General Outline of The Analects) in the Western Jin Dynasty specifically understands and digests the image of Confucius from the perspective of Daoist philosophy. It is worth noting that existing metaphysical studies often focus on philosophical concepts such as "Dao", "emptiness无", or "naturalness自然", but neglect the focus of metaphysicians on "person." The metaphysical study based on "The Analects" to some extent complements this research gap.
The third chapter studies the turning point and new ideas in the study of "The Analects" after the migration to the south during the Yongjia period. The so-called "turning point" refers to the reflection and criticism of the emptiness of metaphysics by the literati with the idea of "intellectual discussions harming the country", and as a replacement, they incorporated "Dao" into "teachings" and embarked on a path of integrating Confucianism and metaphysics. However, the weak central government was unable to support the revival of Confucianism, and the so-called "clarifying teachings" failed to provide specific practical solutions. In this context of neither metaphysics nor Confucianism, Jiangnan scholarship not only provided an opportunity for the dissemination of foreign studies, but also allowed many traditional disciplines to achieve their own academic self-awareness, resulting in a situation of multiple disciplines and coexistence of multiple values. The new ideas here not only involve the interpretation of "The Analects" in the style of Buddhism, history, and literature, but also the ornamentalization of annotations themselves. However, these so-called new ideas, due to the lack of attention to the "Dao", inevitably reduced the study of "The Analects" then to one of the many arts.
The forth chapter specifically explores the shift of the study of "The Analects" to classical studies after the Southern Dynasties. It is worth mentioning that the "classical studies" here does not refer to the practical studies for governing the country in the Han Dynasty, but rather the replication of the study of Buddhist scriptures in Confucianism. This interaction between Confucianism and Buddhism stems from the acceptance of local scholars by Master Huiyuan 慧远of Mount Lu 庐山under the backdrop of political turmoil in the late Jin and early Song Dynasties. As a result, it gave rise to the study of annotated editions of Confucian classics. As for metaphysics, considering that it had lost its vitality in the Southern Dynasties, the interaction between Confucianism and metaphysics during this period mainly manifested as how Confucianism digested metaphysics. In response to this, scholars of then integrated metaphysical principles into the interpretation of classics, bringing metaphysics back to its birthplace: the interpretation of classics. Of course, for Confucianism itself, the realization of the transformation of classical studies at the social level also lies in its no longer insisting on the impractical "teachings." As a substitute, the scholars of the Southern Dynasties, centered around Huang Kan皇侃, shifted the focus to the "learning" of Confucius.从曹丕称帝建魏(公元220年),到杨坚南下灭陈(公元589年),魏晋南北朝的这三百多年时间是中国历史上政权更迭最频繁的时期。处在这种动荡局面下的学术研究也同样展现出中国学术史上活跃而深具批判性的一面。鉴于诠释的开放性、大众化的面向和所附带的特殊问题,《论语》这部经典便为窥析此中的流变提供了一个重要视角:它不仅有经典研究者和研究对象的迭兴,还包括问题意识与致思理路的沿革。不同于学术界在研究魏晋南北朝《论语》学史时多采用文献学或思想史的研究方式,本文选择以哲学史为视角,通过深度挖掘注家背后的“问题”以展开这段时期的《论语》学研究。
文章正文共分四章,分别是“汉末儒学的问题与反思”“《论语》与孔子的玄学化”“东晋《论语》学的转折与新意”与“南朝《论语》学的经学化”。在各自对应到汉魏之际、曹魏和西晋、东晋和南朝时期《论语》学的主要特征时,他们也基本勾勒魏晋南北朝《论语》学演变的主要线索:汉魏之际儒学积“文”成弊;在玄学家返本、体圣的价值重审下,玄学起而儒学衰;永嘉南渡后,学界虽以“教”弥补玄学的虚无之弊,但空言其“教”未免儒、玄皆衰;宋陈之后,儒学融玄学于经典诠释之中,学术再度返“经”。
具体来说,第一章从郑玄、王肃和何晏的《论语》注出发探讨了汉末儒学的问题与反思。以经学研究为中心的两汉儒学发展至汉代末年,其内部的今文经学和古文经学两派矛盾尖锐。经学大家郑玄在“三代异制”“百王同道”的逻辑下同时接纳了两派经学所尊信的经典,并由此构建出一套博而精的新学。然而,由郑玄新学所带来的短暂“一统”并没有得到当时学术界的普遍认可。这里郑学存在的主要问题便是“文弊”。在这场“难郑”思潮下,旧派学者以王肃为代表。他从礼制与实践、孔子与经学等角度展开了多重维度的批判,但这种具体的经学批判反而加剧学术的“文弊”。新派学者以何晏为代表,他在《论语集解》中创制了一种“集解”之体,并在删削旧注、搁置争议的思路下使《论语》从经学问题中解放。
第二章探讨的是玄学时代的《论语》学,具体论述的是玄学家们如何消化《论语》和孔子。其中,何晏基于经典诠释中的“一”“多”之辨,在探“一”的思路下构建起玄学的形而上学骨架。但由于何晏过分执着于形而上的“道”,也就不免忽略了《论语》对于具体之“人”的关注。对此,王弼从孔子的情感出发修缮了何晏玄学对于圣人问题的解读。然而,这种对于圣人问题的探讨毕竟是抽象的,这与《论语》中有具体生命的孔子存在着明显的张力。将具体的孔子纳入到抽象的圣人问题中也就是玄学家们注释《论语》的核心任务,亦为玄学语境下《论语》最具意趣之所在。此外,西晋郭象的《论语体略》还具体从道家哲学出发理解和消化了孔子的形象。值得注意的是,现有的玄学研究往往侧重“道”“无”或“自然”等哲学概念,而忽略了玄学家们对“人”学的关注。由《论语》展开的玄学研究在一定程度上补充了此项研究的不足。
第三章研究的是永嘉南渡之后《论语》学的转折与新意。所谓“转折”,指的是东晋名士以“清谈误国”为思路对玄学的虚无之弊展开反思与批判;作为取代,他们将“道”寓于“教”,转向了一条统合“儒”“玄”的路径。但是,孱弱的中央政府无力支持儒学的复兴,所谓“明教”也未能给出具体的实践方案。在这种玄而不玄、儒而不儒的背景下,江左学术不仅给了佛学传播的契机,也让许多传统学问实现了自身的学术自觉,从而呈现出多元学术并存的局面。因而,这里的“新意”也就包括了佛学式、史学式、文学式的《论语》诠释以及注释本身的绮辞化。然而,这些所谓的新意由于缺乏对于“道”的眷顾,这一时期的《论语》学也就不免沦为百术之一端。
第四章则具体探讨了南朝以后《论语》学的经学转向。值得一提的是,这里的“经学”并非两汉的经世致用之学,而更多是对佛家佛经讲授之学的复刻。这种儒佛的互动来自晋宋政治动荡背景下庐山慧远大师对本土学者的接纳。作为结果,它衍生出儒家的义疏之学。至于玄学,考虑到它在南朝已经基本失去了生命力,这一时期的儒玄互动便主要表现为儒学如何消化玄学的问题。对此,南朝学者将玄理融于经典诠释之中,将玄学带回到它的诞生地:经典诠释。当然,对儒学自身而言,它得以实现社会层面的经学化转向还在于它不再执着于无从落实的“教”。作为取代,以皇侃为中心的南朝学者将问题转向了孔子的“学”。application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.documenthttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HSXPPRGGX8AKDCC2H3121TJ4http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01HSXPPRGGX8AKDCC2H3121TJ4https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HSXPPRGGX8AKDCC2H3121TJ4/file/01HSXPTS9TMTSNWS1S9F9AECPRchiRenmin University of China ; Ghent University. Faculty of Arts and PhilosophyInformation pendinginfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccessCultural SciencesWei, Jin, Southern and Northern DynastiesThe AnalectsWei-jin MetaphysicsConnections Between Confucianism and MetaphysicsLunyu YishuConfucianism and metaphysics : studies on the analects in Wei, Jin, southern and northern dynastiesdissertationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/draftThe Sūtra on Impermanence (2)
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DiSimone, CharlesChoi, Jin Kyoung2023application/pdfhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HKR869CM534GZ5QD8FEHYFCWhttp://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-01HKR869CM534GZ5QD8FEHYFCWhttps://biblio.ugent.be/publication/01HKR869CM534GZ5QD8FEHYFCW/file/01HKR92VHJZB3D5PQQTR5RW2STengsantib84000: Translating the Words of the BuddhaCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess84000: Translating the Words of the BuddhaPhilosophy and ReligionBuddhist StudiesPhilologyTranslationKanjurSūtraThe Sūtra on Impermanence (2)journalArticleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion